辽东湾表层沉积物碎屑矿物组合分布及其对物源和沉积物扩散的指示意义

对取自渤海辽东湾的128个表层沉积物样品进行了碎屑矿物鉴定,对矿物成分含量应用log-ratio法处理后进行统计分析。结果表明,研究区重矿物质量百分含量平均值为6.3%,高值区位于六股河口和湾西北近岸。共鉴定出7种轻矿物,38种重矿物,轻矿物以石英、斜长石和钾长石为主,重矿物以普通角闪石、绿帘石、磁铁矿、石榴子石、钛铁矿为主。根据碎屑矿物的组合分布特征,可将研究区划分为两个矿物组合区,其中又可细分为6个矿物亚区。六股河和湾西北近岸矿物亚区的碎屑矿物主要来源于六股河、湾西北入海小溪和海岸侵蚀物质,湾东北部矿物亚区沉积物主要来源于双台子河和大辽河,湾中部矿物亚区为多源混合区,湾南部矿物亚区受邻近海域和复州河沉积物影响大,湾东南部的辽东浅滩矿物亚区为潮流作用的产物。与河流入海沉积物相比,该区表层沉积物的石英/长石比值和ZTR指数明显增大。研究认为,物源是控制研究区碎屑矿物的组合与分布的主要因素,同时也受到海洋水动力和矿物性质等因素影响。     

青岛近岸海域表层沉积物重矿物分布及物源北大核心CSCD

对青岛近岸海域127个表层沉积物样品和周边入海河流22个表层沉积物样品重矿物分析,系统地研究了重矿物分布特征和物质来源。结果表明,研究区矿物组合为普通角闪石—绿帘石—黑云母—褐铁矿—自生黄铁矿,可划分为3个矿物分区。田横岛—千里岩岛矿物区(Ⅰ区)矿物组合为普通角闪石—绿帘石—褐铁矿—黑云母—阳起石,物源主要来自五龙河等沿岸河流,黄河物质也有贡献;崂山头东部矿物区(Ⅱ区)矿物组合为普通角闪石—绿帘石—褐铁矿—石榴子石,物源以残留沉积和沿岸侵蚀物为主;海阳—乳山近岸矿物区(Ⅲ区)矿物组合为普通角闪石—自生黄铁矿—黑云母—水黑云母—绿帘石—褐铁矿,沉积物受黄河影响显著,沿岸河流和岛屿侵蚀物也有影响。     

青岛近岸海域表层沉积物重矿物分布及物源

对青岛近岸海域127个表层沉积物样品和周边入海河流22个表层沉积物样品重矿物分析,系统地研究了重矿物分布特征和物质来源。结果表明,研究区矿物组合为普通角闪石—绿帘石—黑云母—褐铁矿—自生黄铁矿,可划分为3个矿物分区。田横岛—千里岩岛矿物区(Ⅰ区)矿物组合为普通角闪石—绿帘石—褐铁矿—黑云母—阳起石,物源主要来自五龙河等沿岸河流,黄河物质也有贡献;崂山头东部矿物区(Ⅱ区)矿物组合为普通角闪石—绿帘石—褐铁矿—石榴子石,物源以残留沉积和沿岸侵蚀物为主;海阳—乳山近岸矿物区(Ⅲ区)矿物组合为普通角闪石—自生黄铁矿—黑云母—水黑云母—绿帘石—褐铁矿,沉积物受黄河影响显著,沿岸河流和岛屿侵蚀物也有影响。     

莱州浅滩表层沉积物重矿物分布特征及物源识别

对莱州浅滩80个表层沉积样品进行碎屑矿物分析,主要研究重矿物分布特征,并探讨其物质来源。研究表明:本区优势矿物组合为普通角闪石-绿帘石-黑云母-褐铁矿,可划分成5个矿物区。浅滩滩体(Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区)稳定矿物(以榍石、石榴子石为主)含量高。浅滩北部顶端(Ⅱ区)金属矿物类分布集中,褐铁矿含量近1/3;浅滩两侧(Ⅲ区和Ⅳ区)为云母类高值区。浅滩西侧海域(Ⅳ区)含大量自生黄铁矿,为还原性沉积环境;浅滩西北(Ⅴ区)重矿物含量最高,优势矿物组合为普通角闪石-绿帘石-石榴子石。依据重矿物种类和矿物组合特征,结合陆源近岸河道及黄河沉积物矿物特征,研究显示:浅滩滩体沉积物主要为近岸河流输送,而浅滩两侧沉积物是双重来源,既来自陆地近岸又来自黄河物质向东的输送。矿物区的变化反映了该区水动力的复杂性。重矿物分布特征对研究本区海洋动力环境和探讨浅滩物源都有重要意义。     

渤海—北黄海沉积物黏土矿物特征及其环境意义

基于409个表层沉积物样品黏土组成的分析测试结果,结合周边河流沉积物黏土矿物组成数据,研究了渤海—北黄海底质沉积物中黏土矿物的分布特征、来源和输运趋势。渤海—北黄海底质沉积物中黏土矿物组分质量分数从高到低依次为伊利石(70%)、高岭石(12%)、绿泥石(11%)和蒙皂石(7%)。根据沉积物黏土矿物的组成和分布特征,可以把研究区分为2个区和6个亚区。I区物质来源主要为黄河,分布在黄河口外,向东北延伸至渤海海盆、东南向经莱州湾再向东北延伸至北黄海南部海域;II区物质来源主要为潍河、六股河、滦河和辽河等,还包括海岸侵蚀物质,主要分布在辽东湾、渤海湾北部和北黄海北部等海域。黏土矿物的输运和分布除了受到物源的影响外,主要受渤海环流的控制。     

泉州湾海域表层沉积物矿物碎屑分布特征及其环境意义

对泉州湾13个表层沉积物样品进行了矿物碎屑定量分析．通过矿物分析，发现泉州湾不同站位的轻、重矿物组分、含量和表征存在差异．根据矿物的分布和组合特征．将耒州湾划分为4个组合区，不同组合区所处沉积环境是不同的．分析表明，研完区表层沉积物的碎屑矿物具有明显的亲陆性，物质来源主要为河流输砂和沿湾海岸侵蚀来砂，且其分布受物源、水动力条件和矿物物理性质等因素所控制。     

山东半岛南部近岸海域碎屑矿物对中小河流的物源响应

对山东半岛南部近岸海域的106个表层沉积物样品及大沽河、五龙河和乳山河的94个表层沉积物样品进行碎屑矿物分析,系统地研究了碎屑矿物的分布特征及物源指示。研究区共鉴定出40种重矿物和13种轻矿物,重矿物以普通角闪石、绿帘石、黑云母和自生黄铁矿为主,轻矿物以石英、斜长石、钾长石和风化云母为主。根据碎屑矿物组合特征,将研究区分为4个矿物区:Ⅰ区为胶州湾口至崂山头的附近海域;Ⅱ_1亚区为丁字湾和鳌山湾附近水深约15m以浅的海域,Ⅱ_2亚区为研究区东南部水深20m的远岸区;Ⅲ区处于Ⅱ区和Ⅳ区的过渡带;Ⅳ区为乳山口西南部近岸海域。Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区的矿物组合均为普通角闪石-绿帘石-石英-长石,Ⅰ区和Ⅱ_1亚区受大沽河、五龙河和乳山河输入的物质及沿岸基岩、岛屿风化碎屑的影响较大,Ⅱ_2亚区主要为晚更新世低海平面时形成的陆架残留沉积。Ⅲ区矿物组合为普通角闪石-石英-长石-片状矿物,Ⅳ区矿物组合为云母类-自生黄铁矿-普通角闪石-石英,Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区物源多样,黄河物质对两区贡献显著。     

渤海湾北部底质沉积物中黏土矿物组成与物源研究

采用X射线衍射物相分析,对渤海湾北部166个表层沉积物样品和A435柱状样中的23个沉积物样品的主要黏土矿物含量组成进行分析。研究结果表明:渤海湾表层沉积物黏土矿物中伊利石(53.0%)含量最高,其次为蒙脱石(27.9%)、绿泥石(9.9%)和高岭石(9.2%),黏土矿物组合为伊利石-蒙脱石-绿泥石-高岭石型。渤海湾北部表层沉积物可分成3个沉积区,分别代表不同的沉积物来源:北部沿岸为滦河-海河物源区;中部和东部为黄河-海河物源区;西部沿岸为海河物源区。渤海湾北部表层沉积物黏土矿物分布和组合特征显示了渤海湾环流对海河、黄河和滦河来源物质的搬运和扩散作用。A435柱状样各黏土矿物含量在100cm以上层段具有很大的波动性,推测主要为黄河在1048—1128年和1128—1855年的改道事件的影响。     

辽东湾中部晚第四纪沉积物物源与沉积环境:来自碎屑矿物和自生黄铁矿的证据

对渤海辽东湾LDD7岩心的沉积物样品进行了碎屑矿物鉴定,分析了岩心轻重矿物组合、粗颗粒沉积物物质来源、碎屑矿物特征指数及氧同位素3期渤海相对海平面位置。结果表明,轻矿物是以石英和长石为主的组合,片状矿物和碳酸盐矿物次之;重矿物是以角闪石类、绿帘石类、云母类和自生黄铁矿为主的组合,其次为金属矿物、石榴子石和榍石等。岩心为多源沉积,物质主要来源于辽河、滦河和黄河等中大型河流的入海沉积物。碳酸盐矿物作为黄河的特征矿物,指示黄河对岩心低海平面时期的沉积层影响较大。石英/长石比值、极稳定矿物ZTR指数和磷灰石ATi指数之间具有一定的对应性,能够大致反映流域的风化程度,但在利用这些指数指示风化作用时不能忽视物源对它们的影响。与还原环境密切相关的自生黄铁矿在水动力较弱且富含有机质的河漫滩、湖泊相和潮滩相中含量高。渤海岩心中氧同位素3期沉积物的年代和距现代海平面深度投点整体位于全球海平面上方,考虑到沉积环境水深、构造沉降和沉积物压实等因素,渤海相对海平面位置高于全球平均海平面。     

北部湾沉积物中矿物组合及其分布特征

本文研究范围为17°—21°30'N,105°40'—110°E。根据沉积物中主要重矿物的种类与含量变化,把该区分成6个矿物区:(1)湾北部矿物区为电气石与红柱石等矿物区,是由湾北入海的河流输沙及沿岸冲刷物质共同提供的;(2)琼州海峡与雷州半岛西部沿岸矿物区以独居石、锆石和钛铁矿组合为特征,这里稳定重矿物高度富集,反映了该区沉积物经受了较强水动力作用;(3)湾西部矿物区为矽线石、绿帘石和角闪石区,该区是红河携带入海物质的主要沉积区;(4)湾中部矿物区,位于水深40—60米的粗粒级沉积物分布区,具有和湾西部矿物区十分相似的矿物组合,此为古红河三角洲的残留沉积区;(5)混合矿物区,由湾口自南向北介于其他矿物区之间的沉积带;(6)海南岛西南沿岸矿物区,根据其含不稳定矿物多,磨圆度差等特点,认为这里主要是由沿岸基岩的剥蚀物和水下出露基岩的冲刷物质就地沉积而成。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.