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1.
塔角海洋倾倒区底栖生物生态   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
何明海 《海洋通报》1995,14(6):29-39
根据1995年的调查,并与1993年比较,探讨了疏浚泥倾倒对塔角海洋倾倒区底栖生物的影响。结果表明,倾倒活动对底栖生物的影响较大。倾倒区内底栖生物种类明显减少,栖息密度和生物量变化显著。  相似文献   

2.
烟台海洋倾倒区环境监测及对比评价   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
对烟台海洋倾倒区环境监测及对比评价表明,倾倒区水质良好,但从1986、1991、2001年3次监测情况看,污染状况呈逐年上升趋势;倾倒区底质良好,从2次监测情况看,污染减轻;倾倒区生物种群受到一定影响,生物体重金属含量较低。水深测量及地形图显示,倾倒区水深不断变浅,西南角0.25km^2水深变浅为16.1m,预计3a后将约变浅为15.6m。烟台海洋倾倒区所存在的主要问题是:废弃物在某一固定范围集中倾倒,导致该区域水深变浅,地形改变。为此提出以下建议:暂停原部分海洋倾倒区的使用,为弥补倾倒面积减少可能造成的影响,建议就近选划一个限期、限量的临时海洋倾倒区。  相似文献   

3.
大亚湾倾倒区海洋动力对疏浚物扩散的影响分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文利用对大亚湾海洋倾倒区在9个月倾倒期间的跟踪监测数据统计、分析其在接纳疏浚物倾倒期间悬浮物浓度的特征以及变化特点;通过相关系数的计算,分析海洋动力(波浪、海流)对疏浚物扩散的影响.结果显示:海区海洋动力较强,疏浚物扩散快速,因此,大量倾倒时,倾倒区悬浮物浓度并不大幅度上升;海域的波高与倾倒区悬浮物浓度存在显著正相关,即波浪是影响倾倒区浓度的主要因素;海流是疏浚物扩散的主要因子,其作用导致监测海区很少出现高悬浮物浓度.自然状态下,海水的运动状态和悬浮物浓度也在不断变化之中,因此,如何确定海域的悬浮物本底浓度是一个值得进一步探讨的问题.  相似文献   

4.
随着区域经济的不断发展,日益增多的疏浚物倾倒已经成为大亚湾海域面临的主要环境问题之一。近年来,大量的疏浚物倾倒到大亚湾口海域的大亚湾临时性海洋倾倒区。文章从倾倒区环境监测和管理的实际出发,依托国家指令性任务,在资料收集、现场踏勘及监测的基础上,研究了大亚湾临时性海洋倾倒区及其邻近海域沉积环境变化,分析了倾倒活动对海洋沉积环境的影响。主要结论如下:监测海区沉积物所有站点的评价项目符合海洋沉积物质量第一类标准,整个监测海区沉积物环境良好,沉积物污染物含量变化不大。  相似文献   

5.
2006年3月和7月分别对珠江口疏浚物倾倒区附近的大型底栖生物进行了调查.对比分析了倾倒区内外大型底柄生物种类数、丰度、生物量、优势种和种类多样性指数的差异.结果表明,海洋倾倒可能使倾倒区内大型底栖生物种类、丰度、生物量和种类多样性降低,但对海区优势种的影响较小.AMBI和BENTIX指数评价结果认为倾倒区内底柄生物受到轻微干扰,倾倒区附近海域大型底柄生物群落在3月受干扰程度较7月大.丰度生物量比较(Abundance/biomass comparison,简称ABC)曲线分析结果认为倾倒区内大型底栖生物群落受到海洋倾倒活动轻微或中等程度的干扰.  相似文献   

6.
以嵊泗上川山疏浚物海洋倾倒区为例,探讨扩散型海洋倾倒区容量.通过生态敏感目标水质保护要求来确定倾倒活动最大倾倒强度;以最大倾倒强度及倾倒区本身和周边海域港航功能正常发挥为前提,确定水深可淤积厚度,以此为基础,分析系列倾倒量下的区域淤积影响程度,最终确定可接受情况下的倾倒量,从而估算倾倒容量.倾倒活动产生的悬浮物影响对生态敏感目标影响分析,倾倒活动瞬时最大可接受倾倒强度至少为36 000 m3(基于实际工况);在7个月倾倒期内,设定1 500×104、4 000×104、6 000×104m3系列倾倒量,分析倾倒区本身及周边水深敏感目标的淤积程度,最终确定在1 500×104m3倾倒量下,淤积程度可接受,初步估算该倾倒区的容量为1 500×104~2 000×104m3.  相似文献   

7.
文章根据2016—2017年3个航次的嵊泗上川山疏浚物海洋倾倒区跟踪监测资料,分析了倾倒活动对该海域的水下地形、水质、沉积物、生物的影响情况。结果表明:倾倒区局部区域出现一定的淤积态势,平均淤积厚度为0.13 m;疏浚物倾倒过程中,海水中的悬浮物、无机氮和磷酸盐含量明显增加,沉积物中的硫化物和镉有所增加;倾倒结束后水质、沉积物和生物都恢复至倾倒前水平。长期来看,受倾倒活动影响较大的是底栖生物,其生物量和栖息密度较本底值都明显降低。  相似文献   

8.
海上倾倒是疏浚物的主要处置方式,倾倒活动在一定程度上可引起海洋环境和局部海床变化,进而影响倾倒区的环境容量和倾倒容量。文章在倾倒区选划时倾倒容量计算方法的基础上,引入面积有效利用系数、可继续利用的水深等概念,通过分析倾倒区冲淤环境、流失率和倾倒区有效利用面积等,评估连云港2#倾倒区使用期间的倾倒容量,探索使用过的倾倒区倾倒容量的评估方法。同时,分析海洋环境对倾倒强度和倾倒方式的响应情况,结合倾倒区使用期间海洋环境质量变化,评价倾倒容量的合理性,为海洋行政主管部门在倾倒区管理方面提供科学依据。  相似文献   

9.
海上倾倒是疏浚物的主要处置方式,倾倒活动在一定程度上可引起海洋环境和局部海床变化,进而影响倾倒区的环境容量和倾倒容量。文章在倾倒区选划时倾倒容量计算方法的基础上,引入面积有效利用系数、可继续利用的水深等概念,通过分析倾倒区冲淤环境、流失率和倾倒区有效利用面积等,评估连云港2#倾倒区使用期间的倾倒容量,探索使用过的倾倒区倾倒容量的评估方法。同时,分析海洋环境对倾倒强度和倾倒方式的响应情况,结合倾倒区使用期间海洋环境质量变化,评价倾倒容量的合理性,为海洋行政主管部门在倾倒区管理方面提供科学依据。  相似文献   

10.
张士三 《台湾海峡》1998,17(1):110-114
海洋倾倒区封闭是海洋倾废管理的主要内容之一。目前疏浚物倾倒活动是一项比较频繁的海上倾倒活动。疏浚物海洋倾倒区的封闭,需要有一个相对统一的标准和判断方法,本文提出用外溢作为一种判断方法,且将倾倒 溢发为无外溢、少量外溢、显著外溢、严重外溢和最严重外溢五类,认为当倾倒区出现显著外溢时,应考虑限制使用;当倾倒区出现严重外溢时,考虑封闭;当出现危害性外溢时,就立即封闭。  相似文献   

11.
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.  相似文献   

12.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。  相似文献   

13.
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.  相似文献   

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A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria ( 〉 99% ), but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments ( ≥ 98.8% ), including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.  相似文献   

17.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.  相似文献   

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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,  相似文献   

20.
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

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