低温和赤霉素对百合鳞茎休眠解除的影响

以百合品种“西伯利亚”为材料,研究了低温和赤霉素（GA₃）处理对百合鳞茎休眠解除过程中形态和碳水化合物含量的影响,以及不同温度条件下鳞茎不同部位内源GA₃含量的变化。结果表明：低温（5℃）和0.15 g·L^-1 GA₃处理35 d时芽长与鳞茎高比值为67.954%,芽生长点位于鳞茎直立高度约2/3处,解除休眠所需天数最少;鳞茎在0~14 d时淀粉降解最快,第35天时可溶性总糖和还原糖含量最高。低温处理的内层鳞片和芽内源GA₃含量变化显著,且温度越低,变化越明显。低温条件下内层鳞片和芽的内源GA₃含量较高,上升趋势最为明显;而外层鳞片和根的GA₃含量水平较低,变化趋势较小。可见,顶芽和内层鳞片可能为整个鳞茎休眠解除活动的中心。     

诱导剂OS对切花百合病害及生理生化指标的影响

为了增强切花百合在生长繁殖过程中的抗病性,本研究利用壳聚糖（oligosaccharide ,OS）50 mg·L-1、、100 mg·L-1、300 mg·L-1 、500 mg·L-1,浸泡切花百合种球根部与鳞片,通过田间种植和鳞片包埋两个试验,测定其生长指标,POD、PAL、PPO等防御酶活性以及病情指数。结果表明,各种浓度的壳聚糖处理百合后,植株叶片防御酶活性增加,病情降低,株高、茎粗等生长性状得到改善,鳞片发子球率增加,病害减少。其中经OS 300 mg·L-1处理的百合在各个生理生化指标以及抗病性上明显高于对照,而且其他浓度均未对切花百合产生药害,说明壳聚糖是一种对切花百合效果较好的诱导剂。     

Effects of intercropping on rhizosphere soil microorganisms and root exudates of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor)

Both yield and quality of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor) are seriously affected by continuous cropping. We attempted to understand the effects of intercropping on the obstacles associated with continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor). The changes of rhizosphere microbial biomass and diversity in interplanting and monoculturing systems were studied by using the Illumina Hi Seq sequencing technique. The contents and composition of lily root exudates were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer(GC–MS). The intercropping results of Lanzhou lily showed:(1) There was no difference in the composition of the rhizosphere soil microbes at the phylum level, but the relative abundance of the microbes decreased; and the relative abundance of harmful fungi such as Fusarium sp. increased. The relative abundance of Pleosporales sp. and other beneficial bacteria were reduced. After OTU(operational taxonomic unit)clustering, there were some beneficial bacteria, such as Chaetomium sp., in the lily rhizosphere soil in the interplanting system that had not existed in the single-cropping system. We did not find harmful bacteria that had existed in the single-cropping systm in the rhizosphere soil of interplanting system. The above results indicated that the changes of relative abundance of soil fungi and bacteria in lily rhizosphere soil was not conducive to improving the ecological structure of rhizosphere soil microbes. At the same time, the microbial composition change is very complex—beneficial and yet inadequate at the same time.(2) Root exudates provide a matrix for the growth of microorganisms. Combined with the detection of root exudates, the decrease in the composition of the root exudates of the lily was probably the reason for the decrease of the relative abundance of microbes after intercropping. At the same time, the decrease of the relative content of phenolic compounds, which inhibit the growth of microorganisms, did not increase the relative content of rhizosphere soil microorganisms. Changes in amino acids and total sugars may be responsible for the growth of Fusarium sp.. The results showed that the intercropping pattern did not noticeably alleviate the obstacle to continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily, and the change of microbial biomass and diversity was even unfavorable. However, the emergence of some beneficial bacteria, the disappearance of harmful fungi, and other changes with intercropping are in favor of alleviation of obstacles to continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily.     

生物炭对兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)连作土壤的改良作用

连作障碍严重影响兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)的产量和品质。生物炭在土壤改良中具有一定的作用。将竹炭和稻壳炭加入兰州百合连作土壤,测定了土壤生物化学性质,探讨生物炭对连作退化土壤的改良效应。结果表明:(1)生物炭的添加提高了百合连作土壤的有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和有效钾的含量。(2)生物炭的施用在一定程度上提高了土壤酶活性。(3)利用Illumina Miseq平台检测了土壤样品微生物群落,与对照相比,添加生物炭使微生物群落结构发生了明显的变化,有益细菌鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)的丰度升高,而兰州百合主要致病真菌镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的丰度下降,降低了枯萎病发生的可能。(4)在盆栽试验中,各处理的根系活力和生物量皆高于对照,生物量提高11.85%～13.21%,根系活力提高了57.88%～58.88%。施用生物炭对克服兰州百合的连作障碍、提高土壤肥力有明显的促进作用。     

THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS, NaHCO3,SOIL TYPE ON CHEMISTRY OF FLOODED SOILS AND RICE PLANT GROWTH

1 INTRODUCTIONQuality of chemical properties of flooded soils isgenerally determined by salinity and alkalinity,bothof these acts as inhibiting factors of plant growth.Thecorrelation of electrical conductivity and other analysisindex has been reported by …     

东方百合低温打破休眠期间碳水化合物及呼吸代谢变化

以东方百合“西伯利亚”为试材,对不同温度（25 ℃和4 ℃）处理下百合外部及内部鳞片的碳水化合物含量和呼吸代谢途径的关键酶进行了测定。结果表明,随着储藏时间的延长,百合淀粉含量不断下降,可溶性糖含量在低温处理中期较高,且外部鳞片变化较内部鳞片变化剧烈,4 ℃低温处理糖化比25 ℃明显;在百合休眠期间,3条主要呼吸代谢途径的关键酶--糖酵解（EMP）途径的丙酮酸激酶（ATP）、三羧酸循环途径（TCA）的琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）和磷酸戊糖途径（PPP）的葡萄糖六磷酸脱氢酶（G6PDH）呈现不同的变化趋势。根据不同途径关键酶的变化趋势判断,处理前30 d,3条主要呼吸途径变化较剧烈,EMP占绝对优势且不断升高,TCA和PPP呈不断下降过程,且内部鳞片变化比外部鳞片明显;其后随着休眠处理时间的延长,EMP不断下降,而TCA和PPP不断得到活化;呼吸强度变化趋势与碳水化合物自然休眠解除的进程基本一致。     

不同激素对沙冬青组织培养生芽的影响

以沙冬青无菌苗茎段为材料，采用ＭＳ基本培养基，对６－ＢＡ、ＫＴ、ＩＢＡ、ＧＡ进行不同浓度和不同配比试验，结果表明：６－ＢＡ（１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）对芽的分化有利，但不利于芽的伸长生长；ＫＴ（０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ）配合ＩＢＡ（０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ）既有利于芽的分化，又可增加芽的伸长生长；ＧＡ（１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）对芽的伸长生长效果显著。     

α-萘乙酸钠对温室辣椒产量和内源激素水平的影响

以陇椒2号为试验材料,研究了α-萘乙酸钠对荒漠区日光温室辣椒产量和内源激素水平的影响。结果表明:叶面喷施35 mg·L-1的α-萘乙酸钠显著提高了辣椒生育后期的单果重,降低了辣椒不同生育阶段的落花落果率,改善了辣椒植株的营养条件,加速了辣椒根系和地上部分中后期的生长速率和干物质积累量,提高了辣椒不同生育阶段单株的产量。单果重和单株平均产量较对照分别提高15.76%和43.18%,落花落果率较对照降低19.77%。叶面喷施30～35 mg·L-1的α-萘乙酸钠显著降低了辣椒植株生长过程中叶片内源激素脱落酸（ABA）和吲哚乙酸（IAA）的含量,而且浓度越高,效果越明显;改变了辣椒叶片内源激素赤霉素（GA）和玉米素（ZR）的浓度和分布。辣椒植株的单株产量与叶片内源激素ZR含量正相关,与IAA和ABA的含量负相关,与GA相关性不显著。     

兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)的花粉活力、柱头可授性及繁育系统

为了探讨兰州百合(Lilium davidii var. unicolor)自然结实率低的原因,以"兰百1号"为试材,利用TTC(2,3,5-氯代三苯基四氮唑)染色法、离体萌发法测定花粉活力,以联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性,通过杂交指数、花粉-胚珠比和人工授粉试验对其繁育系统进行研究。结果表明:兰州百合开花当天08:00—14:00花粉活力较高,10:00左右花粉萌发率最高,可达78.31%;在开花当天08:00—12:00柱头可授性最强;花粉萌发时期与柱头可授时期基本重叠。杂交指数4,花粉-胚珠比2 195～4 836,自花授粉、同株异花授粉花败育率100%,异株异花授粉花败育率50%,结实率40%。兰州百合繁育系统为专性异交、自交不亲和、传粉过程需要传粉者。     

甘肃几种早熟禾内源激素水平及干旱适应性

以甘肃陇西、清水、秦州野生草地早熟禾为试验材料,商用品种午夜2号为对照,采用优化的HPLC法测定了干旱胁迫下草地早熟禾叶片中玉米素(ZT)、脱落酸(ABA)和吲哆乙酸(IAA)含量的变化.结果表明:干旱胁迫后,清水和秦州野生草地早熟禾植株萎蔫死亡,相比较之下陇西野生草地早熟禾和午夜2号却能够较好地适应干旱逆境.与此同时,供试材料的ZT含量均下降,下降幅度59.25%～66.02%;ABA和IAA含量均先上升后下降,但与对照相比ABA含量显著上升,上升幅度为23.63%～59.55%;IAA含量显著下降, 下降幅度为48.34%～53.35%;此外,供试材料的ZT/IAA、ZT/ABA和(ZT+IAA)/ABA均下降,以减少生长量来主动适应干旱胁迫.在激素水平上评价材料的抗旱性大小为陇西野生草地早熟禾>午夜2号>秦州野生草地早熟禾>清水野生草地早熟禾.     

外源硒对罗布麻幼苗生长及光合作用的影响

硒是植物生长发育的必需元素,能促进植物生长。采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了施用不同浓度的外源硒对一年生罗布麻幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。研究结果表明：根施（R）和叶面喷施（L）两种施硒方式下,硒浓度与罗布麻一年生幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光参数有极显著相关性,表现为,一定浓度范围内（0～1.5 mg·kg^-1）,随着硒浓度的增加,罗布麻茎干重、叶干重、株高、茎粗、主叶对数和侧枝数均有有不同程度的上升;Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Ψo、φEo、PIABS、均随着施硒浓度的增加而增加;V_K、V_J、V_I均随着施硒浓度的增加而逐渐下降,S_m逐渐上升;说明施硒促进了罗布麻叶PSII的活性,提高了PSII反应中心的开放程度,增大其光能利用率。但随着供应浓度的进一步提高,各项生长及荧光指标有所降低,因此过量的硒供应对于罗布麻生长不利,而且有益与有害之间的范围很小,具体罗布麻栽培中要严格控制硒用量在1～3 mg·kg^-1范围内。搜索 #SrsZzqBAngjSTips { Z-INDEX: 999999999; POSITION: absolute; WIDTH: 56px; HEIGHT: 24px; LEFT: 1342177.27em } #SrsZzqBAngjSTips A { POSITION: relative; LINE-HEIGHT: 24px; MARGIN: -32px 0px 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 23px; WIDTH: auto; DISPLAY: block; BACKGROUND: url(http://mat1.gtimg.com/www/sogou/sogou_tips_v1.png) no-repeat 0px 0px; HEIGHT: 24px; COLOR: #000; FONT-SIZE: 12px; TEXT-DECORATION: none } #SrsZzqBAngjSTips A:hover { BACKGROUND-POSITION: 0px -34px; COLOR: #45a1ea }     

干旱及盐双胁迫下内生固氮菌接种对多枝柽柳实生苗生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验法研究了在干旱及盐双胁迫下内生固氮菌接种对多枝柽柳实生苗生理特性的影响。结果表明：接菌植株较未接菌植株SOD酶活性在水盐胁迫条件下平均提高68．3％,在非胁迫条件下平均提高52．0％,随着胁迫时间延长和胁迫强度增加,SOD酶活性维持在275．82～561．49u／g。POD酶活性在水盐胁迫条件下呈现先上升后...     

Effects of indole-3-acetic acid and zinc on the growth, osmotic potential and soluble carbon and nitrogen components of soybean plants growing under water deficit

Three-week old soybean (Glycine max) plants were subjected to a factorial combination of four regimes of soil matric water potential (ψ_m=−0·03, −0·5, −1·0 and −1·5 MPa), two levels of supplementary Zn (O and 20 mgl⁻¹) and two levels of foliar IAA application (O and 10 mgl⁻¹). Under control conditions (no Zn, no IAA), increasing soil drying progressively retarded shoot and root growth (length and dry mass production), reduced leaf relative water content (RWC) and decreased the contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and shoot soluble sugars (SS), but increased soluble sugar content of roots and lowered osmotic water potential of shoots and roots (osmotic adjustment). Total free amino acid (TAA) content increased in shoots but decreased in roots whereas contents of soluble proteins (SP) decreased in shoots and roots. The effect of water stress was statistically significant (p<0·05) and had a major effect (as indicated by η²values) on leaf RWC, shoot and root dry masses and osmotic potential. Supplementary Zn improved root growth at all levels of stress and shoot growth under severe stress. Improvement of growth was positively correlated with the internal tissue Zn concentrations (r=0·91 and 0·86 for shoot and 0·94 and 0·82 for root length and dry mass respectively). Exogenous IAA raised (p<0·05) RWC, Chl, DM (slightly), root SS, and SP, whereas shoot TAA was lowered. Effects on root TAA and shoot SS were more complex: they were lowered at zero stress and raised under severe stress. IAA and Zn in combination had additive effects on Chl, growth and osmotic potential, but their combined effects on SP and TAA were more complex. It is concluded that the treatment of soybean plants grown under conditions of low soil water potentials and Zn deficiency with Zn and IAA solutions counteracted the deleterious effects of stress, especially at high stress levels, and helped stressed plants to grow successfully under these adverse unfavourable conditions.     

干旱胁迫下钠复合肥对霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)根系生长的促进作用

霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)是荒漠区广为分布的一种多浆旱生植物。采用盆栽育苗的方法,初步评价了干旱胁迫下Na+对霸王根系生长的贡献,探讨了一种新型钠复合肥对霸王根系形态、生理学指标的影响。结果显示,钠复合肥能显著促进霸王根系的生长并提高其抗旱性:(1)正常浇水时,钠复合肥对霸王的促进作用主要体现在株高的增加和侧根的增长上,根系活力显著增强;(2)自然干旱15d后,钠复合肥使得霸王根系活跃吸收面积显著提高24%,促进主根的加粗和伸长以吸收更多的水分和矿质养分;(3)干旱胁迫下,钠复合肥处理使霸王根部Na+浓度保持较高水平,K+浓度下降42%。因此认为,干旱前钠复合肥显著促进了霸王侧根的生长和根系活力的提高,干旱后钠复合肥通过促进根系活跃吸收面积的扩大和主根的生长以提高霸王的抗旱性,其主要原因是根和叶中积累了较多的Na+、而非K+。     

兰州市南北两山人工灌木林地土壤水分动态

通过定位监测与对比分析,对兰州市南北两山不同生境下柠条和柽柳林地的土壤水分变化情况及土壤水分亏缺状况进行了研究。结果表明:水分亏缺程度、耗水量、耗水强度、吸水能力、根系周围土壤深层水分下降速度,都表现为：柠条>柽柳\.据此认为,在兰州市南北两山这种较干旱地区,如果立地条件允许,更适宜种植柽柳。土壤水分的季节性变化是降水和植物生长综合作用的结果,降水和植物生长对土壤表层的含水量影响较为显著,而对深层土壤水分的作用不明显。土壤水分的季节变化与降水和植物生长的季节性变化相似,可分为三个时期：春季水分消耗期、夏季水分补给期、秋末冬季土壤水分平稳期。     

多效唑对多年生黑麦草扩展性和根系特性的影响

在盆栽条件下研究了多效唑对多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne.L)单株扩展性和根系特性的影响,以期为多效唑在多年生黑麦草草坪的养护管理中提供依据。结果表明,在100～1 900 mg·L-1质量浓度范围内,多效唑能有效抑制多年生黑麦草植株的生长、地上枝叶的水平扩展、地上植物量的积累和根系的垂直生长,促进分蘖。质量浓度大于400 mg·L-1时对地上植物量积累的抑制趋缓,大于700 mg·L-1时对最大扩展距离和根系生长的抑制作用减缓,大于1 000 mg·L-1时对株高的抑制趋缓,大于1 300 mg·L-1时覆盖面积的减小趋缓。分蘖数、根系表面积和体积、地下植物量随多效唑质量浓度的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,1 300 mg·L-1质量浓度处理均达最大值。从扩展性评价结果看,地上枝叶扩展性随多效唑质量浓度的增加而减弱,但质量浓度大于700 mg·L-1时减弱趋缓;地下根系扩展性随多效唑质量浓度的增加呈先增强后减弱的趋势,1 300 mg·L-1质量浓度对地下扩展最为有利;综合扩展性总体呈随多效唑质量浓度的增加而减弱的趋势。     

降雨量对科尔沁沙地3种沙生植物生长和生理的影响

对降水格局变化的响应是植物适应环境的重要方面。通过野外增减雨试验,研究了降水变化对科尔沁沙地3种沙生植物生长特性和生理特征的影响。结果表明：（1）6月植被平均密度最大,7月平均盖度最大,降雨量增加60%时,植被盖度最大,为58.0%。（2）增雨区的主要植物为雾冰藜（Bassia dasyphylla）和猪毛菜（Salsola collina）,减雨区主要植物为蒺藜（Tribulus terrestris）,降雨量减少60%时,蒺藜在6、7、8月密度分别为70%、80%、79%,显著高于其他植物。（3）降雨量减少时,3种沙生植物的相对含水量（RWC）减少,而细胞膜透性增加;蒺藜RWC高于雾冰藜和猪毛菜,但是丙二醛（MDA）正好相反;蒺藜的耐脱水能力和细胞膜的耐伤害程度强于雾冰藜和猪毛菜。（4）随着降雨量的增加,3种植物的光能转化效率（F_v/F_m、ΦPSⅡ）逐渐增加,但随干旱天数的增加而减小。     

Characterization of groundwater in the Ejina Basin, northwest China: hydrochemical and environmental isotopes approaches

To characterize the groundwater in the Ejina Basin,surface and groundwater samples were collected in May and October of 2002.On-site analyses included temperature,electrical conductance(EC),total alkalinity(as HCO 3) by titration,and pH.Chemical analyses were undertaken at the Geochemistry Laboratory of the Cold and Arid Region Environmental and Engineering Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou,China.The pH of the groundwater ranged from 7.18 to 8.90 with an average value of 7.72,indicating an alkaline nature.The total dissolved solids(TDS) of the groundwater ranged from 567.5 to 5,954.4 mg/L with an average of 1,543.1 mg/L and a standard deviation of 1,471.8 mg/L.According to the groundwater salinity classification of Robinove et al.(1958),47.4 percent of the samples were brackish and the remainder were fresh water.The ion concentration of the groundwater along the riverbed and near the southern margin of the basin were lower than those farther away from the riverbed.The groundwater in the study area was of Na +-HCO 3 type near the bank of the Heihe River and in the southern margin of the basin,while Na +-SO 4 2-Cl type samples were observed in the terminal lake region.In the desert area the groundwater reached a TDS of 3,000-6,000 mg/L and was predominantly by a Na +-Cl chemistry.Br/Cl for the water of Ejina Basin indicates an evaporite origin for the groundwater with a strongly depleted Br/Cl ratio(average 0.000484).The surface water was slightly enriched in Br/Cl(average 0.000711) compared with groundwater.The calculated saturation index(SI) for calcite and dolomite of the groundwater samples range from 0.89 to 1.31 and 1.67 to 2.67 with averaged 0.24 and 0.61,respectively.About 97 percent of the groundwater samples were kinetically oversaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite,and all the samples were below the equilibrium state with gypsum.Using isotope and hydrochemical analyses,this study investigated the groundwater evolution and its residence time.The groundwater content was mainly determi     

基于ISSR分子标记数据的兰州百合核心种质构建方法研究

利用ISSR分析获得的数据,研究了依据Nei & Li、SM和Jaccard遗传距离,采用UPGMA聚类法进行逐步聚类筛选核心种质的效果,并最终采用SM遗传距离逐步聚类从175份兰州百合种质中筛选出了37份核心种质。保留了初始种质21.14%的样品,多态性位点数、多态性位点百分率、Nei's遗传多样性指数和Shannon's信息指数的保留率分别为96.08%、96.59%、105.27%、103.62%,t检验表明核心种质的Nei's遗传多样性指数和Shannon's信息指数与原种质没有显著差异,表明构建的核心种质能很好的代表原始种质的遗传多样性。     

From highly polluted inland city of China to “Lanzhou Blue”: The air-pollution characteristics

Air quality was improved considerably and the so-called "Lanzhou Blue" appeared frequently in Lanzhou due to implementation of some strict emission-control measures in recent years. To better understand whether the concentration of each air pollutant had decreased significantly and then give some suggestions as to urban air-quality improvement in the near future, the variations of the Air Quality Index (AQI) and six criterion air pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, CO, SO₂, NO₂, and O₃) at five state-controlled monitoring sites of Lanzhou were studied from 2013 to 2016. The AQI, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and SO₂ gradually decreased from 2013 to 2016, while CO and NO₂ concentrations had slightly increasing trends, especially in urban areas, due to the large number of motor vehicles, which had an annual growth rate of 30.87%. The variations of the air pollutants in the no-domestic-heating season were more significant than those in the domestic-heating season. The increase of ozone concentration for the domestic-heating season at a background station was the most significant among the five monitoring sites. The vehicle-exhaust and ozone pollution was increasingly severe with the rapid increase in the number of motor vehicles. The particulate-matter pollution became slight in the formerly highly polluted Lanzhou City. Some synergetic measures in urban and rural areas of Lanzhou should be taken by the local government in the near future to control fine particulate-matter (PM_2.5) and ozone pollution.