一种处理钻孔应变仪观测资料的全套方法及其效果的验证

本文概略地给出了对钻孔应变仪原始观测资料进行处理的一套方法,并以河北省滦县地震台钻孔应变资料为例对每一步骤的中间数据均进行了应变固体潮调和分析的计算,从而验证每一个步骤的有效性,并最终得到了较好的调和分析结果。这一套数据处理方法的优点在于能更充分地利用全部观测资料,将非线性格值改正、频段频谱分析、气压相关分析及相关改正连成了一个整体,使该方法具有连续性、系统性和普适性。     

湖州地震台钻孔体应变仪和伸缩仪记录资料对比

先对安装在湖州地震台"7号"人防山洞内的伸缩仪记录的线应变求得面应变,以及对安装在同一个山洞内的钻孔体应变仪进行气压消除后,对两者的同步观测数据进行对比和分析。以地球应变固体潮为参照,确定两种应变观测数据基本一致。证明这两种基线长度和安装方式不同的仪器,观测到的地层面应变在固体潮频段具有可比性。     

小波分析在井水位的气压和潮汐改正中的应用

本文将小波分析方法应用于地下水位观测资料的气压和潮汐改正中。该方法利用小波将气压观测和理论重力固体潮资料分解为不同频段的时间序列,用最小二乘法求出气压和固体潮不同频段的响应系数,以消除气压和固体潮对水位的影响。用该方法计算的结果与一般线形回归分析方法得到的结果进行对比,发现该方法能更有效地分析和消除气压和固体潮对地下水位的影响。小波分解在井水位气压、潮汐改正中的应用以波动理论和振动理论为基础,它不仅考虑了观测资料的频率域特性,而且还能直接在时间域内计算出不同频率范围的气压系数和潮汐系数,具有明确的物理意义。     

营口地震台伸缩仪和分量钻孔应变仪记录资料比对

本文对先后安装在营口地震台的伸缩仪和分量钻孔应变仪的同步观测数据进行了比对和分析。以地球应变固体潮为参照,确定两种应变观测数据基本一致。证明这两种基线长度和安装方式不同的仪器,观测到的地层应变在固体潮频段具有可比性。     

滦县台YRY—2型钻孔应变仪两井孔固体潮观测的对比分析

本文介绍河北省滦县地震台两台YRY-2型钻孔应变仪的固体潮观测试验情况。对两口井的观测资料在数据处理过程中进行了多次调和分析计算。对不同方向的线应变及差应变观测资料进行了综合对比分析,结果表明:1.应变观测资料中含有较强的长趋势低频噪声和高频噪声,并且受气压的干扰明显。2.线应变受气压干扰比差应变高得多。3.两个井在各方向显示的主要潮汐波成份一致,为O_1、S_1,K_1、N_2、M_2、S_2波。4.经各种排除干扰方法的处理后,可得到较清晰的应变固体潮曲线和较为可信的应变固体潮调和分析结果。5.用一号井线应变计算出的差应变与二号井直接测到的差应变,两者的调和分析结果一致,两口井的固体潮观测起到了相互验证的作用。     

应变固体潮资料与气压的相关分析及其改正的一种方法

通过对应变资料和气压资料的频谱分析，将固体潮频段的信息分别提取出来，再进行相关分析，二者显示出了很强的线性相关性。据此，对应变观测资料进行了气压改正，使应变固体潮调和分析的各项精度指标有了明显的提高，指出该方法的实用效果，同时，对气压改正中存在的问题也进行了讨论     

钻孔应变观测干扰及异常分析

怀来台体积式钻孔应变仪安装于1988年,以应变固体潮为主要观测目标.多年来,取得了连续完整高质量的观测资料.本文列举了怀来钻孔应变的台址背景及仪器观测条件;分析了实际观测中钻孔应变资料受仪器零漂、气压、水位、降雨等因素的干扰;研究了钻孔应变在本区及邻区震前出现的记录曲线畸变、潮汐因子异常、应变固体潮畸变等不同形式的异常变化并对其进行特征分析.研究表明,钻孔应变观测是获取构造活动异常变化信息,进行地球物理研究、地震预测预报的有效途径.     

格值函数的建立及应变值计算模型的推导

对ＹＲＹ－Ⅱ型钻孔应变仪的观测资料进行了较为深入的研究，并对河北省滦县地震台ＹＲＹ－Ⅱ型钻孔应变仪的４套观测数据均给出了格值函数，并给出了应变值计算模型的通用表达式，对钻孔应变仪非线性格值函数的研究有实际意义．     

承压水井水位固体潮扩散方程的解和含水层参数的求定

本文在求解承压水井水位固体潮的扩散方程时增加了井孔压力的边界条件，使扩散方程更符合实际情况，从而得到在理论上更为完善的起潮力位与水位固体潮之间的关系式。文中讨论了气压作用于承压含水层的水力扩散方程和气压对水位固体潮的影响。导出了相位滞后与含水层参数的解析式，为求解含水层数建立了基础。根据水位固体潮观测资料与气压观测资料，在给定地球模型的勒夫数的情况下，全面地解决了求定观测井含水层参数的方法。并给出     

菏泽5＼9级地震前豫01井水位对气压和固体潮响应的变化

本文给出了一种处理井水位的新方法，它考虑了井水位对气压和固体潮响应的滞后影响。利用泰勒和杜得森展开法，导出了计算井水位气压系数，固体潮系数以及它们的滞后时间的公式，并给出了考虑滞后影响的井水位气压与固体潮改正公式。我们利用这一新方法处理了豫０１井１９８３年的观测资料，计算出每天的井水位固体潮，气压系数和它的滞后时间。该４种参数在１９８３年１１月７日菏泽Ｍｓ５．９级地震时大幅度变化。而且在地震前，后     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.