CH-3无人机航磁测量系统在我国新疆不同地形区的应用示范

CH-3无人机航磁测量系统具有飞行质量高、可夜航作业、方便灵活等特点,该系统已经在黑龙江多宝山地区开展了试验性面积测量工作,数据质量优秀。本文主要介绍了该系统后续在新疆克拉玛依和喀什地区的应用示范情况,总结了其在平原沙漠、丘陵低山、中高山等多种地形条件下开展测量工作的应用效果,讨论了测量数据的可靠性、飞行质量控制及系统当前的局限性,分析了无人机航磁测量技术在基础地质调查、矿产资源勘查、能源地质调查等方面的初步应用成果和应用前景。     

地、物、化、遥在内蒙古二连-东乌旗地区航磁异常查证中的应用 ——以航磁蒙C-2007-275 异常为例

二连-东乌旗地区位于中蒙边界地区的南戈壁―东乌旗铜多金属成矿带西端,成矿条件有利,选择该区的蒙C-2007-275 异常的最新查证结果进行综合研究,对该区其他异常的查证和找矿有重要意义。经过对该异常的地质填图、高精度磁测、土壤地球化学测量、激电测量和遥感解译等研究发现: 地质测量和土壤地球化学测量在地表发现了较好找矿线索,高精度磁测和激电测深反演了隐伏地质体的分布状态。根据查证结果分析,该区异常查证工作应采取多手段和分阶段进行,即按照地球化学测量和地质测量先行,在有进一步找矿信息的前提下,再安排物探和深部工程验证工作。     

数字区域地质调查系统技术研究

数字区域地质调查是地质调查主流程信息化迫切需要解决的问题。也是世界先进国家区调工作的普遍趋势，根据世界先进国家在野外地质调查与填图采集技术方面的研究现状，结合我国实际，基于3S技术野外地质调查与填图信息化的新一代野外数据采集（器）技术，从改变传统的填图手段、提高研究精度和程度、加快研究周期、改变成果表现形式的技术方法着手，对野外地质调查与填图数字化采集技术、数据模型、技术流程、实现的工具与方法等进行了初步探讨。     

中国区域化探若干基本问题研究：1999—2009

1999—2009年,中国区域化探发生了根本性改变。主导思想是以地球化学理论为指导研究区域化探方法技术问题和进行矿产资源潜力评价。区域化探方法技术研究的基本要求是最大限度保持原生地球化学分布特征,表生地球化学条件下采样物质问题是区域化探方法研究的核心,样品采集应以代表地质找矿信息的基岩物质成分为原则,在全国范围内最大限度地保持采样物质的一致性。基于成矿地球化学理论建立资源潜力地球化学评价方法和实行地质找矿定量预测,使勘查地球化学从单纯方法手段上升到指导地质找矿的理论高度。主要标志是在全国建立完整的区域化探工作方法技术系统和实行样品分析质量全程监控。在区域化探高精度数据基础上绘制与出版精美的地球化学图集,使区域地球化学图精确地反映地质背景分布与异常特征,促进区域化探数据信息深度开发和利用,建立具有从区域、普查到详查进行全过程独立开展资源调查、评价和预测的方法技术体系和工作程序。区域化探长期支撑中国地质找矿工作,是整个地质找矿工作的先导。随着新一代地区和全国地球化学图的形成,将在基础地质和成矿规律研究以及揭示重大地质事件等方面提供新的发现、新的认识和新的观点,对于未来中国勘查地球化学和整个地质工作产生重要影响。     

江苏基础地质工作程度概述

江苏基础地质工作开展较早，研究程度较高，从区域地质调查，地球物理勘探，地球化学勘探三方面对江苏的基础地质工作情况进行了概述。     

Regional-scale aeromagnetic survey of the south-west of Algeria: A tool for area selection for diamond exploration

The main objective of the most regional-scale aeromagnetic surveys is to assist in mineral development through improved geologic mapping. The aeromagnetic survey of the south-west of Algeria is used for diamond potential evaluation and target-area selection. This region of Algeria, forming part of the west African Craton, has until very recently been under-explored for diamonds. This paper is a contribution to area selection for primary diamond deposits based on a conceptual model for kimberlitic occurrences. According to the proposed exploration model, the emplacement of diamondiferous kimberlites is controlled by three principal criteria: (1) existence of a sufficiently thick lithosphere, favourable to diamond genesis and preservation, (2) presence of major tectonic trends and lineaments that could act as pathways for kimberlitic magma, the principal diamond-bearing lithology, and (3) the recognition of magnetic anomalies related to mafic–ultramafic intrusives, signs of deeply-rooted magma. Interpretation of the aeromagnetic data, using energy spectral analysis and different data-enhancement filters, has permitted elucidation of all three criteria. Their combination provides a final assessment for three possible areas as targets for primary diamond deposits emplacement.     

Geochemical exploration in China

Geochemical exploration in China was commenced in the early 1950's. In 1951, the first experimental work was carried out in Yeshan, and a geochemical exploration section was set up in the Ministry of Geology in 1953.Regional geochemical reconnaissance (metallometric surveying) was initiated in 1956 on a nation-wide scale. Soil samples have been collected, and analyzed by semiquantitative spectrography. The results were heavily biased and were not adequately processed and utilized. Renewed efforts have been made to reprocess the vast amount of data accumulated and to utilize them more fully in mineral exploration.Meanwhile, another nation-wide project of regional geochemistry using more refined techniques is in its preparatory stage. It is the Regional Geochemistry-National Reconnaissance Project. In this project stream sediment sampling with a density of one per km² will be used in China Proper, and low-density sampling of various kinds of media in different environments will be used in remote areas. Pilot surveys covering areas of several thousand square kilometers are being undertaken in several provinces.Beside regional reconnaissance, geochemical prospecting has been carried out at virtually all phases of mineral prospecting in China.A brief summary of current research in exploration geochemistry taken by research institutes and universities is given, including studies on the methodology of regional geochemical surveys, primary halos around various types of ore deposits, mercury vapor survey techniques, refinement of analytical methods and instrumentation, and computerized data processing and plotting techniques.Several case histories are described where geochemical exploration techniques have led to successful ore discoveries in China.     

磁异常解释推断方法探讨及物探应用展望

近几年来,随着战略性矿产远景调查项目的开展,地面高精度磁测一直是主要的物探方法之一,为区域地质调查、成(控)矿地质构造研究、矿产资源评价等工作提供了丰富的地球物理场信息,同时,在金属矿产勘查中能依据矿体与围岩的磁性差异、伴生的磁性矿物直接或间接确定矿体,尤其在铁矿勘查中,磁测更是一种直接找矿的不可或缺的方法。本文总结了磁异常的数据整理及数据处理中一些方法在使用中的问题,并尝试针对解释推断结果提出可靠的、较可靠的、可供参考的三级评价要求。     

吉林省1∶25万基础地质调查中遥感技术的应用

2004-2006年吉林省开展了吉林市等八幅数字区域地质调查。其任务书中提到：“充分收集研究前人区域地质和物、化、遥资料,全面完成测区1∶25万地质填图任务”。本文从应用角度出发,探讨了吉林省中等植被覆盖区遥感地质填图的工作流程,包括遥感数据种类选择、遥感数据处理、遥感地质解译等。     

Geology and Mineral Resources of Brazil: A Review

Brazil is one of the world's major producers of metals (i.e., iron, gold, tantalum, columbium, aluminum, and tin). During the last decade, an acceleration of research and exploration in Brazil by federal and state agencies, universities, and private industry has produced a substantial body of new data. This progress largely is driven by governmental mapping and industry mineral exploration programs, and has resulted in the compilation of a new lithotectonic map and related maps on major mineral deposits and prospecting areas. These maps will make it considerably easier to understand the nature of mineral-deposit formation in Brazil and will assist in the development of mineral resources during the final years of this century. This paper surveys the mineral resource base of Brazil based on information obtained as a result of this recent acceleration of geological exploration, and also examines the problems confronting mineral exploration and development as a result of Brazil's enormous and diverse geology, population, and physical environment. The potential for adding to Brazil's identified mineral resource base in the near future, which is substantial, is explored.     

地物化方法在航磁异常查证中的应用

航磁异常查证是矿产勘查中的一个重要环节,其目的是通过地面查证,确定异常是否存在,追踪异常源,了解异常源所处的地质环境,对异常作出客观评价,提出进一步工作的建议,为后续资料解释提供依据.通过使用地物化综合方法对黑C-2011-02243号异常查证发现：地质剖面测量和土壤地球化学测量可在地表发现较好的找矿线索;高精度磁测及激电中梯测量则反映了深部地质体及矿化特征.依据查证结果认为,在进行航磁异常查证工作时,可优先进行剖面性的地质、高精度磁法及土壤地球化学测量工作;在分析上述测量结果的基础上安排剖面性的电法测量;如存在进一步找矿信息,可安排面积性物化探测量及工程验证工作.     

北祁连中段浪力克—牛头山一带地球化学特征

近年来,部署在重要成矿区带的1：5万区域矿产调查在全国陆续展开,这对提高地质矿产研究程度,进一步圈定找矿靶区具有重要意义。其中要求进行1：5万水系沉积物测量、高精度地面磁测、自然重砂测量和遥感异常提取。本文以甘青交界的浪力克一牛头山一带1：5万区域矿产调查中水系沉积物测量实际资料为依据,探讨了浪力克铜矿区及其区域地球化学特征,认为Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag异常分布与含铜火山岩系分布一致,异常规模显示该矿外围仍具有较大的找矿潜力。     

Utilizing soil geochemistry,ground magnetic,and radiometric surveys to outline a blue ridge,ultramafic body in North Carolina

A soil geochemical survey for Ni plus magnetic and radiometric surveys were used to outline a small dunite body on Rich Mountain, North Carolina. The dunite body is poorly exposed and is enclosed by garnet-bearing amphibolite of the Ashe Formation. Of the geophysical techniques used, the magnetic survey gives a better definition of the known extent of the body than the radiometric survey. However, the 400-ppm Ni contour from the soil program appears to best define the dunite and suggests that it extends farther to the north and east than was indicated from geologic mapping. Though HF digestion yields higher Ni values than HNO₃ + HCl digestion, the patterns are the same. The Mn content of the soil at the Rich Mountain locality probably could also be used to outline the dunite body.     

大洋海底数据可视化和成图设计与分析

随着全球大洋调查的不断开展以及各种海底探测技术的进步,海洋调查数据积累日益增多。以往主要通过使用不同的专业软件来进行各类大洋数据的可视化和成图分析。在海洋调查方面目前迫切需要一种可视化软件,能够快速显示海底大洋的观测和探测数据,并能够快速简单地综合分析和成图。为了解决快速可视化和多种类型数据同界面显示问题,本文利用Matlab中的图形用户界面工具,开发和设计了简单易操作的OceanVis1.0数据可视化和图形用户界面。通过使用OceanVis1.0,用户可以方便地对全球海底大洋多波束水深、海洋重力异常、海洋磁异常、地震波形数据等进行可视化和成图分析,能够解决大洋关键区域的多种数据可视化综合分析问题。对不同类型的数据可以进行二维测线和三维空间数据变化的显示,也可以实现数据成图的放大、缩小和旋转功能。对于多波束、重磁数据空间变化数据,可以进行二维测线的任意切割和成图输出,不用保留中间成图即可满足用户的实时数据显示和快速查看功能。OceanVis1.0也能为具体航次的海底调查提供各类海底探测数据的快速显示,以及包括航次中获取的数据显示和初步分析功能,能够为研究区航次测线的规划提供数据可视化和图形支撑平台。     

NURE航空计划回顾与新时代航空γ能谱勘查启示

国家铀资源评价(NURE)计划实现了覆盖美国本土和阿拉斯加的1∶250000 NTMS图幅航空γ能谱测量和航磁测量,通过简要回顾该计划历程,重点针对NURE中航空地球物理勘查(航空γ能谱和航磁测量),讨论了航空地球物理勘查中测量技术、数据处理及解释方法等。NURE航空测量在铀矿勘查和辐射环境评价、洲际航空地球物理编图等领域发挥了巨大作用,产生了意义深远的影响。在总结NURE航空测量经验和做法的基础上,针对我国航空γ能谱测量勘查现状,建议从国家层面进行顶层设计,尽快实施我国陆域范围内的航空γ能谱和航磁框架性测量,实现对我国陆域航空γ能谱测量全覆盖,建设具有中国特色的航空γ能谱测量与监测体系。     

航空地球物理勘查科技创新与应用

简要回顾了中国航空物探技术的发展历程，重点阐述了21世纪以来、尤其是"十一五"以来国内航空物探的主要技术创新与应用成果，并对今后发展趋势进行了分析与预测。为满足国家与社会需求，"十一五"以来，中国的航空物探技术，尤其是航磁多参量、矢量测量、航空重力测量和时间域航空电磁测量技术得到快速发展；在航空物探技术创新过程中，航空物探资料的综合研究和应用得到了加强，在基础地质、固体矿产勘查与评价、能源勘查与评价等方面取得了重要成果，在地下水资源调查、工程地质勘查、环境地质调查等方面显示出了良好的应用前景。为满足国家资源勘查和环境评价对航空探测技术的需求，未来中国航空物探测量系统的分辨率、稳定性和实用性将进一步提高，航空物探在加强基础地质、固体矿产勘查、能源勘查等传统领域应用的基础上，将拓展及加强在深地探测、深海探测、深部地热调查、水资源调查、地质灾害调查、军事及测绘等领域的应用。      

高山峡谷区1:50000地质填图技术方法探索与实践——以新疆乌什北山为例

新疆乌什北山填图试点项目充分发挥遥感技术的先导作用,探索1:50000高山峡谷区填图方法。不同分辨率遥感数据在岩性、构造解译等方面的差异表明多源遥感数据综合解译能有效提高解译程度。研究认为同一遥感数据最佳波段组合图像、Landsat-8和Worldview-2数据协同图像增强了对岩性和构造识别的能力。高光谱遥感矿物填图和岩性分类、基于ASTER热红外遥感数据的岩石化学成分填图等是高山峡谷区填图有效技术方法。利用ETM和ASTER数据开展矿化蚀变信息提取,结果表明ASTER较ETM数据在铁染异常、羟基异常等提取方面具有更大的优势。分析认为多元信息综合预测是区域找矿的重要途径。根据乌什北山地质地貌特征,选择其中有效技术方法或技术方法组合开展1:50000地质填图,结果显示在减少剖面测制和路线地质调查数量的同时,达到了填图精度,并取得了若干重要研究成果,为区域构造演化和成矿规律分析总结提供了资料支撑。      

西藏冈底斯东段铜多金属成矿带综合物化探技术有效性试验

应用综合物化探方法在西藏冈底斯东段铜多金属成矿带驱龙、甲马矿区进行了方法有效性试验。介绍了野外方法试验采用的综合物化探技术及数据处理方法,对各方法的试验成果进行了综合对比分析,在此基础上展望了以DPEM、TEM方法为主的综合物化探方法在该区矿产资源勘查评价中的巨大应用潜力。     

Data processing requirements and visual representation for stream sediment exploration geochemical surveys

The growth of exploration geochemical drainage surveys has led to the use of electronic computers to process the data, and the data must be coded into a machine-processable form. The coding scheme employed is the key to fast, efficient data processing. In practice, each geochemical survey will have its own characteristics and a universal coding scheme is impracticable. However, certain basic principles should be observed. Various methods, such as optical cards, have been used to improve the coding and keypunching of data whilst statistical processing packages and remote terminals have become common in data processing. Stream sediment data from southwestern New Brunswick and the Bathurst—Jacquet River area of northern New Brunswick were stored in a data base system. An evaluation of display mediums led to a modified version of SYMAP being employed to display geochemical data by a computer map produced on the line printer. Contour mapping was found to be more suitable for the recognition of geochemical patterns than proximal mapping. The maps, which could be produced quickly and economically, were an important tool in the display of the results of statistical techniques such as Q-mode factor analysis and discriminant analysis.     

基于Surpac系统的地质勘查自动化制图应用研究

实现地质图件自动化绘制是地质制图领域的重要目标。Surpac作为应用广泛的三维矿业软件,其绘制图件规范与我国地质勘查规范存在较大差异。本文以某金属矿山为例,针对岩性图案、钻孔结构、样沟、样号等多种地质信息的绘制提出了相应的解决方法。实践证明,利用地质数据库,通过Surpac软件可以快速准确、批量化的绘制符合我国地质勘查规范的钻孔柱状图、勘探线剖面图和块体模型剖面图等地质图件,极大的发展了适应我国标准的地质图件自动绘制技术。