Study on the sustainable development of wetland resources in the Ussuri / Wusuli River basin

1 INTRODUCTION The Ussuri / Wusuli River watershed is located in the southeast part of Heilongjiang Province of China, which joins remote regions of Russia. The watershed consists of approximately 26 000 000 ha, which is about two thirds of the watershed ecosystem in Russia, one  third in China. The Ussuri River forms part of the border between Russia and China, the shared border stretches more than 1100 km. Khanka/Xingkai Lake lies within both China and Russia. Its total area …     

中国环境污染的区域联防方案

环境污染的区域性发展趋势要求污染治理从区域角度进行统筹规划,这与我国按照行政区域进行环境管理的现状存在矛盾。因此,迫切需要进行环境污染区域联防方面的研究。通过运用区域地理学、经济地理学的理论和研究成果,同时借鉴国内外相关案例,并结合我国自然环境、经济发展的区域差异,提出了区域性环保机构设置方案。该方案包括建立5个国家直属局和12个省级分局,这些区域性环保机构既考虑区域环境现状又兼顾未来发展趋势,能够对我国今后的环境保护管理改革提供资料。     

基于GIS空间分析的地质环境承载能力评价——以泰安市高新区为例

近年来由于人类活动强度超出当地的地质环境承载能力,破坏了人与自然的平衡,带来了一系列地质灾害、地下水污染等环境问题。为科学合理地分析泰安市高新区地质环境的承载能力,本文在分析研究区内地质灾害、构造稳定性、水土环境等地质环境特征基础上,构建了地质环境承载能力评价的5项本底因子和4项状态评价指标,采用 GIS 空间分析技术将各评价指标进行空间叠加,建立了评价矩阵,对高新区地质环境承载承载能力进行了评价研究。结果表明研究区地质环境承载能力整体状况较好,承载能力中等以上区占比86.15%,承载能力较弱区占比10.2%,承载能力弱占比3.52%。本研究成果为资源环境承载能力监测预警提供靶区,同时也为国土空间规划的编制提供依据。     

黄河三角洲地质资源环境承载力评价

黄河三角洲高效生态经济区的建立,将迎来大规模的基础建设和资源的消耗,从而加剧经济发展—资源消耗—环境污染之间的矛盾。黄河三角洲地区成陆时间较短,地质资源环境比较脆弱,淡水资源相对贫乏,近海地区生态保护及堤防修复压力较大。确定该区地质资源(水资源、土地资源)环境所能承受的人类各种社会经济活动的能力,并预测今后该区大规模人类活动可能对资源环境造成的影响。     

中国南方丘陵区非点源污染过程模拟研究进展

随着南方丘陵区开发利用强度的增大,氮、磷非点源污染和水体富营养化问题日益突出。由于流域尺度非点源污染过程的复杂性,难以建立大范围、重复可控的观测和实验环境,模型模拟成为非点源污染治理辅助决策的必要手段。已有学者对南方丘陵区非点源污染过程模拟开展了相关研究,但缺乏对已有成果及其存在问题的系统总结以及对下一步研究方向的分析探讨。本文首先分析了南方丘陵区非点源污染过程的机理,认为该地区的非点源污染过程模拟应满足多过程耦合、空间全分布式及考虑区域特点等要求;然后,对南方丘陵区非点源污染过程模拟研究现状以及存在问题进行了分析,总结了现有研究在描述非点源污染物迁移路径和反映区域特点等方面的不足;最后,从适合南方丘陵区特点的流域空间离散化方法、全分布式非点源污染物迁移路径的构建、特殊地物和人为活动在全分布式非点源污染模型中的综合表达等方面探讨了下一步研究方向,旨在为南方丘陵区非点源污染过程模拟研究提供参考和借鉴。     

广西恭城某铅锌矿山地质灾害发育特征及防治措施

以广西恭城县某铅锌矿山为例,在充分了解矿山地质环境条件的基础上,从矿山实际情况出发,查明现状地质灾害发育特征,并预测未来地质灾害发展趋势,继而提出了具有针对性的防治措施。该矿山地质环境条件复杂;现状发育的地质灾害为崩塌、滑坡,影响程度较轻;预测矿山可能发生地质灾害类型有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地下水污染、采空区地面塌陷(沉陷)和矿坑突水等,影响程度较严重;在此基础上提出了拦挡、排水、矿坑回填等一系列防治工程措施,并重点论述新型宾格石笼挡墙在矿山地质灾害防治工程中的应用。     

Problems of the aquatic environment and countermeasures in the rapid economic development in the Zhujiang River Delta

The Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta is the rapid economic development region in China since the opening and reform door policy was carried out in 1978. Being the rapid development of industry and city, the impact on the aquatic environmental quality was significant. The pollution caused the water quality descended and the ecological system degraded, and also impeded the economic development. The characteristics and problems of the aquatic environment are: the capacity of aquatic environment is large but hasn’t been utilized rationally, the water quality is influenced by saline sea water and tide current, the main pollutants are organic matter and the pollution is going heavier, the concentration of pollutants change seasonally. The countermeasures of aquatic environmental protection are: carrying out the environmental functional regionalization and controlling the total amount of pollutant discharge, revising the industrial structure and making a rational industrial arrangement, raising the rate of waste water treatment and making a full assessment of the water conservancy project.     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON SAND—DUST STORM DISASTER AND COUNTERMEASURES IN CHINA

As a kind of natural disasters,sand-dust storms frequently occur in deserts and their surrounding areas.The occurrence of this disaster in Chinaˊs north west and north china has exerted an extremely adverse effect upon the environ-ment in China.The management of sand-dust storms is of a systematic project closely related with the environment such as agriculture,ecosystem,forestry,water conservancy,meteorology and other aspects.Therefore,studies of the forma-tion,the basic eatures,causes,temporal-spatial distribution,developing-trend and related disasters of sand-dust storms in China are conducted based on satellite data.The experience of sand-dust storms control and countermeasures in the Unit-ed States and some other countries are referred.Meanwhile,preliminary countermeasures relating to sand-dust storms in China are proposed.     

川西滇北引水区河流水质特性与治污调水研究

本文重点概述了川西滇北地区 ,西线调水河流的地理背景 ,河水矿化度、化学类型与河水硬度等水质特性以及该区河流水环境与水体污染分析评价。旨在促进引水区调水前期工作的节水、治污和生态环境保护的科学监测预报.     

广西灌阳方解石矿矿山地质环境影响评估及治理恢复措施

在了解矿山基本情况基础上,结合野外实地调查和地质条件,从采矿活动引发的地质灾害、地下含水层破坏、地形地貌景观和土地资源的破坏等4个方面进行矿山地质环境影响评估。根据综合评估的结果,针对性地提出矿山地质环境治理恢复措施,有效避免和减少因矿山开采产生的地质灾害,恢复开采造成的地质环境破坏,维护矿区的生产生活及人身安全,为促进矿业经济的可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Supporting farmer-managed irrigation systems in the Shigar valley,Karakorum: Role of the government and Aga Khan Rural Support Programme

Farmer-managed irrigation systems(FMIS) in the high altitude valleys of the Karakorum,Pakistan, continue to be managed effectively despite increased pressure on the social arrangements that sustain them. Colonial era records shows that over a century ago government agencies undertook irrigation support projects. In the past three decades,government agencies and the non-government agency Aga Khan Rural Support Programme(AKRSP), which channels foreign funds into the region, have actively engaged in the provision of irrigation support. This article seeks to explore whether such projects support or undermine farmer-managed irrigation systems and the complex institutional arrangements that underpin them. Field research using ethnographic and participatory methods was conducted in spring 2013 in the upper Shigar valley, Skardu district, GilgitBaltistan. The findings show that irrigation development is a political activity that involves village-based actors, religious leaders, local politicians,and government and non-government agencies.Government agencies operate in a largely top-down,engineering mode, their larger projects limited to villages suffering water scarcity. The local government provides small funds for renovation work of FMIS,though allocation of funds is highly politicized. Nongovernment agencies, for a variety of reasons including donor-funding cycles, apply a one-size-fitsall ‘participatory' model in an attempt to socially engineer rules and institutions. In communities divided by factionalism the use of such external models that stress formation of committees are unlikely to yield positive results, and could instead contribute to undermining the very systems they seek to support. This research argues that irrigation interventions should take care to build upon the rich and complex social arrangements that have sustained FMIS through the centuries.     

URBANIZATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON WATER ENVIRONMENT IN TUMEN RIVER BASIN

１INTRODUCTIONUrbanizationisaprocessthatallowspopulationandindustrytohighlyconcentrate．Itisinevitablethatthiskindofprocesswillhavedeepimpactsoneco－environment．TheTumenRiverisaninternationalwaterbody．ScopeoftheTumenRiverBasin（TRB）canbedefinedas（only     

山东省主要生态环境地质问题与调查方法探讨

山东省主要生态地质环境问题--海(咸)水入侵、地下水超采漏斗、地面塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝、地下水串层污染,主要是对地下水不合理开发造成的.从综合治理的需要出发,新一轮生态地质环境调查应包括地下水潜力调查、地下水环境质量调查、地下水环境保护区划、地下水调蓄条件调查、环境地质问题与灾害调查等内容.在调查方法上,要充分利用"3S"技术,要采用点、线、面结合的调查方法,要确定重点、典型区、带加深调研以带动面上的调查,并要针对各地不同情况有侧重的开展调查工作.     

PROBLEMS OF THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT AND COUNTERMEASURES IN RAPID ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE ZHUJIANG RIVER DELTA

ＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＳＯＦＴＨＥＡＱＵＡＴＩＣＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＣＯＵＮＴＥＲＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＳＩＮＲＡＰＩＤＥＣＯＮＯＭＩＣＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＩＮＴＨＥＺＨＵＪＩＡＮＧＲＩＶＥＲＤＥＬＴＡ￥ＷｅｎＹａｎｍａｏ（温琰茂）；ＣｈｅｎｇＧｕｏｐｅｉ...     

山东省主要生态环境地质问题与调查方法探讨

山东省主要生态地质环境问题———海 (咸 )水入侵、地下水超采漏斗、地面塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝、地下水串层污染 ,主要是对地下水不合理开发造成的。从综合治理的需要出发 ,新一轮生态地质环境调查应包括地下水潜力调查、地下水环境质量调查、地下水环境保护区划、地下水调蓄条件调查、环境地质问题与灾害调查等内容。在调查方法上 ,要充分利用“3S”技术 ,要采用点、线、面结合的调查方法 ,要确定重点、典型区、带加深调研以带动面上的调查 ,并要针对各地不同情况有侧重的开展调查工作。     

广西桂林桐木湾石灰岩矿山地质灾害发育特征及其防治措施

桂林是广西石灰岩矿的主要产出地之一,及时合理地处理矿区地质灾害是关系到矿山安全建设和解决地质环境问题的关键环节。该文以桂林桐木湾石灰岩矿山为例,通过分析该区现状地质灾害发育程度,结合矿山地质环境特征,进一步预测采矿活动可能引发和加剧的地质灾害类型以及地质灾害易发区和危险区,并在此基础上作出地质灾害综合发育程度分析,提出合理可行的防治监测措施。     

青岛市崂山区建立地质灾害自动监测预警示范工作的探索

青岛市崂山区特殊的自然地理和地质环境条件,在降雨以及人类工程-经济活动的影响下,引发了崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等突发性地质灾害.在对区内地质灾害点全面调查、排查和勘测工作的基础上,通过学习总结其他省市经验,建立了青岛市崂山区青山滑坡地质灾害自动监测预警示范区,为该区地质灾害防治工作提供技术依据.     

模糊理论在临沂城区生态地质环境评价中的应用

近年来,随着经济的快速发展和城市的大规模建设,临沂市城区出现了一系列环境地质问题,比如水土体污染、地质灾害加剧、生态环境恶化等等,严重破坏了自然生态环境。为综合评价该区生态地质环境,加强该区的生态地质环境保护与管理,该文在目前国内外尚无生态地质环境评价规范和标准的情况下,运用模糊理论对临沂生态地质环境进行了综合评价。评价结果把工作区分为良好区、较好区、较差区和差区4个区。     

湖南锡矿山锑矿区水环境中DOM三维荧光特征及其对锑污染的指示意义

溶解性有机质(dissolved organic matter, 简称DOM)是影响锑迁移转化的重要因素之一。湖南锡矿山锑矿是世界最大的锑矿, 水环境中锑污染情况严重。为查明锡矿山矿区水环境中DOM特征及其影响, 对锡矿山水环境样品进行三维荧光分析, 利用平行因子法提取水环境中天然有机组分, 分析荧光特征, 探究各组分之间与锑的相关关系。分析表明, 矿区水体环境中DOM以低腐殖化、陆源与微生物源混合来源为特点, 多数水样以陆源有机物为主。锡矿山锑矿区水体中包括了3种不同的组分: C1组分为陆源类腐殖质, C2组分为醌类腐殖质, C3组分为类蛋白质(酪氨酸); 水环境中C1组分相对含量最高, 地表水中C3组分相对含量高于地下水。研究认为, 存在以下途径影响地下水环境中锑的释放: ①类蛋白质组分与锑的络合促进锑的溶解释放; ②腐殖质组分与锑的直接络合。低锑地表水中天然有机组分相对含量受稀释作用的影响, 高锑地表水中天然有机组分相对含量对锑的来源有一定的指示作用。      

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL EROSION AND NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION BASED ON GIS IN ERLONG LAKE WATERSHED, JILIN PROVINCE

Data collection, factor composition, nappe analysis and integrative simulation of natural geographical factors in Erlong Lake watershed have been carried out based on GIS. The risk areas where non-point source pollution may occur were compartmentalized and assessed, and the total soil erosion and the runoffs of N and P with rainfall in this valley were worked out by experiment and GIS mapping. The study indicated that the main type of soil erosion was moderate (erosion modulus is 1000–2500t/(km²·a)) at present, and the intense erosion areas are located in dry land with variable slope east of the lake and the middle-south parts of steep slope mountainous region (erosion modulus is more than 5000t/(km²·a)). Though the area is small, it should be paid attention to. The trend of non-point source pollution (NSP) of nitrogen and phosphorus loss was corresponded with the soil erosion. Spatial distribution and the reasons of the distribution difference have been presented and it was emphasized that the human activities among the influence factors was the most important. It surely offers a scientific basis to control and prevent non-point source pollution in the watershed. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50139020-5-2) and Science & Technology Committee of Jilin Province (No. 20010602) Biography: WANG Ning (1952–), female, a native of Beijing, associate professor, Ph.D., specialized in water and soil conservation and pollution control. E-mail: nwang@nenu.edu.cn