下地壳麻粒岩包体波速测定及其地质意义

下地壳岩石的波速测定可以提供有关下地壳物质组成及物理性质的重要信息。但是，由于下地壳难于直接采样，因此常常利用目前出露地表的古老麻粒岩地体样品来代表下地壳，但所获结果常常与实际情况不符，由新生代玄武岩携带到地表的下地壳包体则为我们提供有关下地壳的直接信息。本文对采自河北汉诺坝武岩中的下地壳包体进行了密度和高温高压波速测定，下地壳由不同类型的麻粒岩相岩石组成。其密度和波速有较大的差异，因此所获波速不能直接与地震测深得到的下地壳波速进行对比，而需要进行波速的温度、压力校正，并进行具体的分析，本文得到下地壳包体的原地波速6.13-6.90km/s与该区地震资料得到的结果十分接近，并探讨了下地壳低速层的可能成因。     

汉诺坝长英质麻粒岩包体同位素年代学及其地球动力学意义

汉诺坝地区周坝长英质麻粒岩包体的岩石学、地球化学特征指示它们部分为变沉积岩。从周坝麻粒岩相变沉积岩包体的 Sm- Nd同位素分析结果获得了 (424± 10) Ma的全岩-单矿物 Sm- Nd同位素等时线年龄。全岩 Sm- Nd同位素组成指示这些包体可能与地表出露的太古宙麻粒岩有亲缘关系，但二者的 Pb- Pb与 U- Pb锆石年龄又反映二者成因不同。周坝长英质麻粒岩包体可能为残留于大陆下地壳的古老物质。 424 Ma的 Sm- Nd年龄可能反映了与加里东运动时期蒙古板块向华北地台俯冲而发生的变质与再就位抬升作用。     

下地壳麻粒岩包体研究进展及其意义

产于火山岩中的下地壳麻粒岩包体是人们窥视深部地壳的一个窗口，现已成为人们探索大陆下地壳物质组成和演化最直接的研究对象。下地壳岩石包体一般具有麻粒岩相矿物组合，主体由镁铁质麻粒岩组成，以出现紫苏辉石矿物为标志下地壳包体的平衡温度为700－1040℃，平衡压力在0．8－1．4GPa之间。在绝大多数地区，基性下地壳包体占优势，其共同特征是低SiO2、高CaO和Mg^ ，过渡族元素和不相容元素含量变化很大，不机构造背景和不同岩石类型的包体同位素成分也有差异，全球各大陆下地壳包体Nd、Pb同位素组成分布具有“块体效应”特征。利用出露于地表的下地壳麻粒岩包体可以探讨下地壳物质组成和成分，建立下地壳物性剖面和岩石圈模型，并可作为幔源岩浆底侵作用的重要判据之一。世界范围内下地壳麻粒岩包体研究表明，在探讨下地壳的组成特点上，由火山岩中麻粒岩包体和出露的麻粒岩地体两类岩石样品所获得的下地壳组成特点存在比较大的差异，前者较后者反映的下地壳组成更偏基性。下地壳包体的类型与成因对揭示大陆地壳的增生、演化方式以及壳－幔交换作用具有重要的指示意义。     

下地壳麻粒岩包体研究进展及其意义

产于火山岩中的下地壳麻粒岩包体是人们窥视深部地壳的一个窗口,现已成为人们探索大陆下地壳物质组成和演化最直接的研究对象.下地壳岩石包体一般具有麻粒岩相矿物组合,主体由镁铁质麻粒岩组成,以出现紫苏辉石矿物为标志下地壳包体的平衡温度为700~1 040℃,平衡压力在0.8~1.4 GPa之间.在绝大多数地区,基性下地壳包体占优势,其共同特征是低SiO2、高CaO和Mg#,过渡族元素和不相容元素含量变化很大,不同构造背景和不同岩石类型的包体同位素成分也有差异,全球各大陆下地壳包体Nd、Pb同位素组成分布具有"块体效应"特征.利用出露于地表的下地壳麻粒岩包体可以探讨下地壳物质组成和成分,建立下地壳物性剖面和岩石圈模型,并可作为幔源岩浆底侵作用的重要判据之一.世界范围内下地壳麻粒岩包体研究表明,在探讨下地壳的组成特点上,由火山岩中麻粒岩包体和出露的麻粒岩地体两类岩石样品所获得的下地壳组成特点存在比较大的差异,前者较后者反映的下地壳组成更偏基性.下地壳包体的类型与成因对揭示大陆地壳的增生、演化方式以及壳-幔交换作用具有重要的指示意义.     

安徽女山麻粒岩包体的地球化学特征:下地壳组成及其构造属性初探

女山麻粒岩包体的Mg#值总体较低（28－51），在化学成分上主要表现为偏中性，没有明显的辉石、石榴子石或Fe-Ti氧化物的堆晶作用，但部分有斜长石的堆晶作用，略具Eu,Sr正异常，部分则有斜长石的分离结晶，略具Eu,Sr负异常。另外，女山麻粒岩包体亏损Rb,Th,Nb,Ta,富集Ba,LREE,Zr,Hf等，具较高的Nb/Ta,Zr/Hf比值，麻粒岩相变质作用过程造成了Rb的强烈亏损，但对Nb,Ta,U,Th的影响较弱。女山麻粒岩包体的形成过程中存在岩浆的结晶分异作用，通过分离结晶混染作用模型（AFC）模拟，表明华北克拉通太古宙基性火山岩和中必一麻粒岩分别为较可能的初始岩浆和混合源，初始岩浆经过10％－40％的AFC可以形成女山麻粒岩包体的微量元素组成。总体上，女山麻粒岩包体的主元素、微量元素特征均相似于华北克拉通太古宙中性麻粒岩、华北克拉通下地壳平均值，而与扬子克拉通下地壳平均值得明显差别。因此女山地区下地壳可能仍属华北克拉通的一部分，因而支持Li(1994)的碰撞拆离模式。     

火成岩中下地壳岩石包体的特征及其研究意义

根据国内外研究资料，结合自己的科研成果，简要论述了下地壳岩石包体的矿物学，形成条件，物理性质，化学成分，同位素组成及塑性变形特征，讨论了下地壳岩石包体在了解下地壳成分，性质和地质作用过程方面的重要意义。     

中国东部早第三纪玄武岩中幔源包体的变形特征及其上地幔流变学意义

中国东部含幔源包体的早第三纪玄武岩已发现的有吉林双辽、河北阳原和山西繁峙。本文详细研究了这三个地点幔源包体的变形特征，结果表明，这些地点的幔源包体以尖晶石二辉橄榄岩为主，其结构主要为残斑结构。     

黔西地区构造变形特征及其煤层气地质意义

黔西地区处于特提斯与滨太平洋两个构造域的交接地带,多期性质不同的构造作用形成了现今错综复杂的构造变形特征。根据构造变形的差异,可划分为织金-纳雍NE向构造变形区、水城-紫云NW向构造变形区和黔西南复杂构造变形区。在野外地质的基础上,结合微观变形特征和矿物流体包裹体测试分析,认为黔西地区构造变形属于上地壳低温-中低温环境下的脆性-脆韧性变形;由于黔西地区基底构造相对稳定,成煤期后断块内部变形较弱,煤储层形成了一定程度的构造裂隙,有助于渗透率的提高,煤层气勘探开发前景良好。     

下扬子区新生代伸展构造变形及其区域构造意义

下扬子区是中国东部重要的含油气盆地区之一,其新生代伸展构造变形一直是下扬子新生代构造动力学的核心问题.通过对下扬子海陆全区新生代断陷盆地结构与构造格局分析,明确了下扬子区伸展构造变形特征,探讨了变形成因机制及其区域构造意义.区域构造分析表明,下扬子区伸展变形构造由一系列NNE-NE-NEE走向的总体呈弧形展布的正断层构成,表现为受伸展断裂系统控制的断陷结构,具有多向伸展特征,自南向北可分为江南、沿江-苏北-南黄海和南黄海北部3个构造伸展区.有限元数值与构造物理模拟表明,受控于太平洋板块俯冲推挤传递至陆内的侧向构造作用力,下扬子块体南向蠕移,区域上近南北向伸展变形,郯庐断裂右旋走滑,两者共同构成一个"右旋侧向扩展变形"系统.在区域构造上,大兴安岭-太行山-武陵山重力梯度带以东的中国东部新生代伸展变形构造和盆地成因与古太平洋板缘边界条件密切相关.      

中国东部早第三纪玄武岩中幔源包体的变形特征及其上地幔流变学意义

中国东部含幔源包体的早第三纪玄武岩已发现的有吉林双辽、河北阳原和山西繁峙。本文详细研究了这三个地点幔源包体的变形特征，结果表明，这些地点的幔源包体以尖晶石二辉橄榄岩为主，其结构主要为残斑结构。包体中橄榄石显示明显的优选方位，发育有反映高温位错蠕变机制的位错亚构造。包体的平衡温度在８００一１１００℃之间，压力为０．７一１．７ＣＰａ。来源深度为２８一５２ｋｍ。采用显微构造应力计计算的差异应力在１７一２４ＭＰａ之间，由橄榄岩高温流变律计算的应变速率为１０￣（－１５）－１０￣（－１８）ｓ￣（－１）等效粘滞度为１０￣（２１）一１０￣（２５）ｓｐａ．Ｓ之间。中国东部早第三纪与晚第三纪以后的幔源包体具有基本相同的特征，表明晚第三纪以后的上地幔继承和发展了早第三纪时的特征。中国东部早第三纪以来的上地幔符合大陆拉张带和裂谷上地幔的流变特征。     

安徽女山下地壳麻粒岩包体中的水：红外光谱分析

运用显微傅立叶变换红外光谱技术,对安徽女山新生代玄武岩中的10个麻粒岩包体的主要组成矿物（单斜辉石、斜方辉石、斜长石）进行了观察。结果显示,这些名义上的无水矿物中都普遍含有以OH一形式赋存的结构水,其含量（H10wt．）分别可以高达～2340ppm（单斜辉石）、～1590ppm（斜方辉石）和～910ppm（斜长石）。不同样品间矿物的结构水含量具有明显的不均一性的分布特点,这很可能是对其原岩性质的一种反映。根据单矿物的水含量和各自的体积分数计算出的全岩水含量为125～963ppm。根据二辉石温度计计算的女山麻粒岩包体的平衡温度为～800～900℃,对应于女山最下部地壳（-25～35km）,因此本文数据为大陆下地壳含水与否提供了初步的最直接的证据,并且其水含量可能具有不均一性的分布特点。     

Seismic velocities of granulite-facies xenoliths from Central Ireland: Implications for lower crustal composition and anisotropy

V_p and V_s values have been measured experimentally and calculated for granulite-facies lower crustal xenoliths from central Ireland close to the Caledonian Iapetus suture zone. The xenoliths are predominantly foliated and lineated metapelitic (garnet–sillimanite–K-feldspar) granulites. Their metapelitic composition is unusual compared with the mostly mafic composition of lower crustal xenoliths world-wide. Based on thermobarometry, the metapelitic xenoliths were entrained from depths of c. 20–25 ± 3.5 km and rare mafic granulites from depths of 31–33 ± 3.4 km. The xenoliths were emplaced during Lower Carboniferous volcanism and are considered to represent samples of the present day lower crust.V_p values for the metapelitic granulites range between 6.26 and 7.99 km s^{− 1} with a mean value of 7.09 ± 0.4 km s^{− 1}. Psammite and granitic orthogneiss samples have calculated V_p values of 6.51 and 6.23 km s^{− 1}, respectively. V_s values for the metapelites are between 3.86 and 4.34 km s^{− 1}, with a mean value of 4.1 ± 0.15 km s^{− 1}. The psammite and orthogneiss have calculated V_s values of 3.95 and 3.97 km s^{− 1}, respectively.The measured seismic velocities correlate with density and with modal mineralogy, especially the high content of sillimanite and garnet. V_p anisotropy is between 0.15% and 13.97%, and a clear compositional control is evident, mainly in relation to sillimanite abundance. Overall V_s anisotropy ranges from 1% to 11%. Poisson's ratio (σ) lies between 0.25 and 0.35 for the metapelitic granulites, mainly reflecting a high V_p value due to abundant sillimanite in the sample with the highest σ. Anisotropy is probably a function of deformation associated with the closure of the Iapetus ocean in the Silurian as well as later extension in the Devonian. The orientation of the bulk strain ellipsoid in the lower crust is difficult to constrain, but lineation is likely to be NE–SW, given the strike-slip nature of the late Caledonian and subsequent Acadian deformation.When corrected for present-day lower crustal temperature, the experimentally determined V_p values correspond well with velocities from the ICSSP, COOLE I and VARNET seismic refraction lines. Near the xenolith localities, the COOLE I line displays two lower crustal layers with in situ V_p values of 6.85–6.9 and 6.9–8.0 km s^{− 1}, respectively. The upper (lower velocity) layer corresponds well with the metapelitic granulite xenoliths while the lower (higher velocity) layer matches that of the basic granulite xenoliths, though their metamorphic pressures suggest derivation from depths corresponding to the present-day upper mantle.     

Crustal growth in south-eastern Australia—evidence from lower crustal eclogitic and granulitic xenoliths

Mafic and ultramafic xenoliths in a basaltic cone at The Anakies in south-eastern Australia are geochemically equivalent to continental basaltic magmas and cumulates. The xenolith microstructures range from recognizably meta-igneous for intrusive rocks to granoblastic for garnet pyroxenites. Contact relationships between different rock types within some xenoliths suggest a complex petrogenesis of multiple intrusive, metamorphic and metasomatic events at the crust/mantle boundary during the evolution of south-eastern Australia. Unaltered spinel lher-zolite, typical of the uppermost eastern Australian mantle, is interleaved with or veined by the metamorphosed intrusive rocks of basaltic composition. Geothermobarometry calculations by a variety of methods show a concordance of equilibration temperatures ranging from 880°C to 980°C and pressures of 12 to 18 kbar (1200-1800 mPa). These physical conditions span the gabbro to granulite to eclogite transition boundaries. The water-vapour pressure during equilibration is estimated to be about 0.5% of the load pressure, using amphibole breakdown data. Large fluid inclusions of pure CO₂ are abundant in the mineral phases in the xenoliths, and it is suggested that flux of CO₂ from the mantle has been an important heat source and fluid medium during metamorphism of the mafic and ultramafic protoliths at the lower crust/upper mantle boundary. The calculated pressures and temperatures suggest that the south-eastern Australian crust has sustained a high geothermal gradient. In addition, the nature of the mineral assemblages and the contact relationships of granulitic rock with spinel lherzolite, characteristic of mantle material, suggest that the Moho is not a discrete feature in this region, but is represented by a transition zone approximately 20 km thick. These inferences are in agreement with geophysical data (including seismic, heat-flow and electrical resistivity data) determined for south-eastern Australia. Underplating at the crust/mantle boundary by continental basaltic magmas may be an important alternative or additional mechanism to the conventional andesite model for crustal accretion.     

塔里木西克尔基性麻粒岩捕虏体的发现及其地质意义

在塔里木西部新生代碧玄岩中新发现了基性麻粒岩捕虏体。其原生矿物组合为Cpx+Opx+Pl (An=30~50)+Sp+Ilm+Tim,次生矿物组合为Ol+Pl (An>50)+alkaline feldspar+glass。原生矿物组合的温度和压力分别为1005~1059℃ 和 0.6~1.1GPa; 次生矿物组合形成于近等温减压过程和固相线上熔融以及之后的近地表快速冷却。这些麻粒岩捕虏体代表了早期底侵到塔里木板块下地壳的幔源岩浆。     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗新生代玄武岩中超镁铁岩包体的特征

内蒙古东部阿巴嘎旗及其以北地区第四纪更新世钠质碱性火山岩中发现的超镁铁岩包体,主要为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩、纯橄榄岩、橄榄二辉岩、尖晶石单斜辉石岩和单斜辉石巨晶以及辉长岩、花岗闪长岩、石英长石片麻岩等壳源包体。超镁铁岩包体和巨晶的岩相学特征显示它们不是寄主玄武岩岩浆分离结晶堆积体;其主要元素、稀土元素特征与阿尔卑斯型橄榄岩相似,其组成接近于原始地幔岩值;同位素地球化学特征表明它们与寄主岩-玄武岩浆不是同源的;尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体形成的平衡温度和压力范围分别为1056．9℃-1103．1℃,压力为1．50～1．84GPa,形成相当深度为49．5～60．72km。辉石岩包体形成温度为887．1℃-958．6℃,压力为1．25～1．4GPa,形成相当深度为41．25—46．2km。寄主玄武岩形成温度1390℃-1450℃,压力1．75—2．20GPa,形成相当深度为60—70km。可以认为,研究区在新生代发生了软流圈地幔上涌,导致岩石圈减薄以及地壳的拉张,大量岩浆物质沿构造通道溢出地表。其中超镁铁岩包体与寄主玄武岩浆之间没有熔体与残余物这种成因联系,它们是寄主玄武岩浆在上升过程中捕获的岩石圈地幔碎块。     

Petrochemistry of granulite xenoliths from the Cenozoic Qiangtang volcanic field,northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for lower crust composition and genesis of the volcanism

High-K calc-alkaline magmas from the Cenozoic Qiangtang volcanic field, northern Tibetan Plateau, contain lower crustal two-pyroxene and clinopyroxene granulite xenoliths. The petrology and geochemistry of six mafic and three felsic xenoliths from the Hol Xil area south of Ulan Ul Lake are discussed. Mafic granulites (Pl, Opx, Cpx, Ksp, and Bt) contain 48.76–58.61% SiO₂, 18.34–24.50% Al₂O₃, 3.16–5.41% Na₂O, 1.58–3.01% K₂O, low Mg# (30–67), LREE and LILE enrichment, high Rb/Sr (0.09–0.21), (La/Yb)_N (17.32–49.35), low Nb/Ta (9.76–14.92), and variable Eu anomalies (Eu?=?0.19?0.89). They also have more evolved Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions in comparison with the host dacites ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.710812 vs. 0.713241), ?_Sr (+169.13 vs.?+203.88), ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.512113 vs. 0.512397), ?_Nd (?4.70 to??10.05), ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (18.7000 vs. 18.9565), ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (15.7135 vs. 15.7662), and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (39.1090 vs. 39.4733). Felsic granulites (Qtz, Pl, Ksp, Bt, and Cpx) show enrichment of LREE and LILE and have evolved Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions with (La/Yb)_N (2.04–10.82), ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.712041–0.729088), ?_Sr (+180.71–+430.59), ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.512230–0.512388); ?_Nd (?4.74 to??7.96), ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (18.9250–19.1717), ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (15.7662–15.7720), and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (39.2109–39.6467). These geochemical data suggest that the protolith of the mafic granulites could have been a hybrid mafic magma (e.g. enriched mantle type II) or metasomatized restite derived from the partial melting of metamafic-intermediate rocks rather than basaltic cumulates, whereas the felsic granulite protolith was a quartzofeldspathic S-type granitic rock. We argue that the lower crust of the northern Tibetan Plateau is hot and heterogeneous rather than wholly gabbroic. Interaction between the mantle-derived magma and the metasedimentary/granitic lower crust of the Tibetan Plateau may have played an important role in the generation of shoshonitic and high-K calc-alkaline andesite-dacite rocks.     

Petrology and U–Pb geochronology of lower crustal xenoliths and the development of a craton, Slave Province, Canada

Lower crustal xenoliths recovered from Eocene to Cambrian kimberlites in the central and southern Slave craton are dominated by mafic granulites (garnet, clinopyroxene, plagioclase±orthopyroxene), with subordinate metatonalite and peraluminous felsic granulites. Geothermobarometry indicates metamorphic conditions of 650–800 °C at pressures of 0.9–1.1 GPa. The metamorphic conditions are consistent with temperatures expected for the lower crust of high-temperature low-pressure (HT-LP) metamorphic belts characteristic of Neoarchean metamorphism in the Slave craton. U–Pb geochronology of zircon, rutile and titanite demonstrate a complex history in the lower crust. Mesoarchean protoliths occur beneath the central Slave supporting models of an east-dipping boundary between Mesoarchean crust in the western and Neoarchean crust in the eastern Slave. At least, two episodes of igneous and metamorphic zircon growth occurred in the interval 2.64–2.58 Ga that correlate with the age of plutonism and metamorphism in the upper crust, indicating magmatic addition to the lower crust and metamorphic reworking during this period. In addition, discrete periods of younger zircon growth at ca. 2.56–2.55 and 2.51 Ga occurred 20–70 my after the cessation of ca. 2.60–2.58 Ga regional HT-LP metamorphism and granitic magmatism in the upper crust. This pattern of younger metamorphic events in the deep crust is characteristic of the Slave as well as other Archean cratons (e.g., Superior). The high temperature of the lower crust immediately following amalgamation of the craton, coupled with evidence for continued metamorphic zircon growth for >70 my after ‘stabilization’ of the upper crust, is difficult to reconcile with a thick (200 km), cool lithospheric mantle root beneath the craton prior to this event. We suggest that thick tectosphere developed synchronously or after these events, most likely by imbrication of mantle beneath the craton at or after ca. 2.6 Ga. The minimum age for establishing a cratonic like geotherm is given by lower crustal rutile ages of ca. 1.8 Ga in the southern Slave. Transient heating and possible magmatic additions to the lower crust continued through the Proterozoic, with possible additional growth of the tectosphere.     

藏北羌塘地块新生代火山岩中麻粒岩捕虏体的岩石学和地球化学研究:对青藏高原新生代火山岩成因及下地壳性质的约束

青藏高原北部羌塘地块的新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩中含有很多下地壳捕虏体,这些捕虏体的主要岩石类型为二辉石麻粒岩和单斜辉石麻粒岩.本文对乌兰乌拉湖南侧枕头崖地区新生代高钾钙碱性火山岩中的9个麻粒岩样(6个基性麻粒岩和3个酸性麻粒岩)进行了系统的岩石学,矿物化学,地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究.其中,紫苏辉石具有高Mgo FeO,低Al2O3的特征,单斜辉石具有低Al2O3和TiO2的特征,黑云母具有高TiO2的特征,这些特征都表明这些矿物为变质成因.矿物温压计算表明二辉石麻粒岩形成的平衡温度为783℃～818℃.单斜辉石麻粒岩形成压力在0.845～0.858GPa之间,来源深度约28km.表明它们可能是来自青藏高原加厚陆壳中部的岩石样品.基性麻粒岩的SiO2=48.76%～58.61%,Al2O3=18.34%～24.50%,Na2O=3.16%～5.41%,K2O=1.58%～3.01%,低Mg#(30～67),富集轻稀土(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),其具有较高的Rb/Sr(0.09～0.21)和(La/Yb)N(17.32～49.35),具有较低的Nb/Ta(9.76～14.92),其Eu异常变化于0.19～0.89之间.基性麻粒岩的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学表现为87Sr/86Sr=0.710812～0.713241,εSr=169.13～203.88,143Nd/144 Nd=0.512113～0.512397;εNd=-4.70～-10.05,206Ph/204Pb=18.7000～-18.9565,207Pb/204Pb=15.7135～-15.7662,208pb/204Pb=39.1090～39.4733.和基性麻粒岩类似,酸性麻粒岩也表现出富集轻稀土(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE)的特征,它们的87Sr/86Sr=0.712041～0.729088,εNd=180.71～430.59,143Nd/144Nd=0.512230～-0.512388;εNd=-4.74～-7.96,206Ph/204Pb=18.9250～-19.1717,207Pb/204Pb:15.7662～-15.7720,208Pb/204Pb=39.2109～39.6467.上述地球化学特征表明这些基性麻粒岩的源岩是下地壳岩石,而非地幔岩或玄武质堆晶岩,而酸性麻粒岩的源岩极有可能是准铝质的花岗质岩石.这就表明青藏高原新生代下地壳的地温梯度很高,并含有部分沉积岩,而非典型的辉长质下地壳.而且,详细的研究表明,这种特殊的下地壳可能对青藏高原新生代高钾钙碱性和橄榄粗安质岩浆的起源有重要作用.因此目前所认为的超钾质-橄榄粗-安质岩浆源于富集岩石圈地幔在对流减薄作用下发生部分熔融的观点值得重新考虑.     

安徽女山麻粒岩包体：矿物学特征、下地壳地温曲线及其成因意义

女山玄武岩中麻粒岩包体的主要矿物组合为 Opx+Cpx+Pl,均呈条带状构造 ,具有细粒粒状变晶结构或不等粒结构。女山麻粒岩包体的斜方辉石及单斜辉石的化学成分都非常相似于华北太古代麻粒岩地体 ,而明显区别于汉诺坝麻粒岩包体。通过对世界上含石榴石麻粒岩的检验 ,表明 Wells(1977) :二辉石温度计与 Mc Carthy & Pati～no Douce(1998)的 Cpx+Pl+Qz压力计的温压计组合是计算麻粒岩平衡温压的可行方法 ,并得到了女山麻粒岩包体平衡温度分布于 80 9～ 899℃之间 ,主要集中于 85 0± 2 0 C,平衡压力为 0 .6 0～ 0 .95 GPa。由麻粒岩包体的平衡温压所建立起的女山地区下地壳地温曲线与 Xuet a1.(1998)建立的上地幔地温曲线上延部分非常吻合。根据地温线推得的“岩石学”Moho面深度为 31km土 ,与“地震”Moho面深度相一致 ,表明女山地区不具有明显的壳幔过渡带。女山地区缺乏强烈的底侵作用以及麻粒岩包体的特征矿物化学成分暗示了女山麻粒岩包体可能来源于华北克拉通结晶基底