Metamorphosis of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 cells

Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 belongs to the family of magnetotactic bacteria. It possesses a magnetosome chain aligning, with the assistance of cytoskeleton filaments MamK, along the long axis of the spiral cells. Most fresh M. magneticum AMB-1 cells exhibit spiral morphology. In addition, other cell shapes such as curved and spherical were also observed in this organism. Interestingly, the spherical cell shape increased steadily with prolonged incubation time. As the actin-like cytoskeleton protein MreB is involved in maintenance of cell shapes in rod-shaped bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, the correlation between MreB protein levels and cell shape was investigated in this study. Immunoblotting analysis showed that the quantity of MreB decreased when the cell shape changed along with incubation time. As an internal control, the quantity of MamA was not obviously changed under the same conditions. Cell shape directs cell-wall synthesis during growth and division. MreB is required for maintaining the cell shape. Thus, MreB might play an essential role in maintaining the spiral shape of M. magneticum AMB-1 cells.     

Recover vigorous cells of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 by capillary magnetic separation

Cultivable magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) in laboratory can provide sufficient samples for molecular microbiological and magnetic studies. However, a cold-stored MTB strain, such as Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1, often loses its ability to synthesize magnetosomes and consequently fails to sense the external magnetic field. It is therefore important to quickly recover vigorous bacteria cells that highly capable of magnetosome producing. In this study, a modified capillary magnetic separation system was designed to recover a deteriorating strain of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 that long-term cold-stored in a refrigerator. The results show that all cells obtained after a 3-cycle treatment were vigorous and had the ability to produce magnetosomes. Moreover, the 3^rd-cycle recovered cells were able to form more magnetosome crystals. Compared with the colony formation method, this new method is time-saving, easily operated, and more efficient for recovering vigorous MTB cells.     

MamZ protein plays an essential role in magnetosome maturation process of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Based on analysis of gene structure of mamXY operon in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1, we constructed a mamZ deletion mutant strain (ΔmamZ)...     

MiR-430 Can Affect the Mesoderm Formation and Metamorphosis of Paralichthys olivaceus by Targeting lefty Gene

MiR-430 is a non-coding small RNA that participates in early embryonic development by acting on the Nodal signaling pathway.Its functions in Paralichthys olivaceus(P.olivaceus),however,remain unclear.In this study,through biological information technology,we hypothesized lefty was the target gene of miR-430.Lefty is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)superfamily,and is involved in regulating left-right patterning as an antagonist of the Nodal signaling pathway.To study the relationship between miR-430 and lefty gene,miR-430 and fluorescent expression vector were transfected into embryo cells.Our results showed that miR-430 has important effects on early embryonic development.It can inhibit the expressions of lefty and other genes related to Nodal signaling pathway.Additionally,the expression of miR-430 was involved in the metamorphosis of P.olivaceus.This study clarifies the function of miR-430 in P.olivaceus,which will be helpful for further research on the interactions between miR-430 and the Nodal signaling pathway.     

Extraction of astaxanthin from Euphausia pacific using subcritical 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane

Euphausia pacific is an important source of natural astaxanthin.Studies were carried out to assess the extractability of astaxanthin from E.pacific using subcritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane(R134a).To examine the effects of multiple process variables on the extraction yield,astaxanthin was extracted under various conditions of pressure(30-150 bar),temperature(303-343 K),time(10-50 min),flow rate(2-10 g min-1),moisture content(5.5%-63.61%),and particle size(0.25-0.109 mm).The results showed that the extraction yield increased with temperature,pressure,time and flow rate,but decreased with moisture content and particle size.A maximum yield of 87.74% was obtained under conditions of 100 bar,333 K,and 30 min with a flow rate of 6 g min-1 and a moisture content of 5.5%.The substantial astaxanthin yield obtained under low-pressure conditions demonstrates that subcritical R134a is a good alternative to CO 2 for extraction of astaxanthin from E.pacific.     

A polypeptide from Chlamys farreri inhibits UVB-induced HaCaT cells apoptosis via the Apaf-1/caspase-9 and Smac/XIAP signaling pathway

A novel marine active polypeptide(PCF),isolated from the gonochoric Chinese scallop,Chlamys farreri,has potential antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activity against ultraviolet irradiation.We investigated whether UVB-induced HaCaT cell apoptosis occurs via the mitochondrial pathways Apaf-1/caspase-9 and Smac/XIAP/caspase-3.We then investigated the molecular mechanisms controlling the anti-apoptotic effect of PCF.Pre-treatment with PCF and caspase-9 inhibitor significantly inhibited UVB-induced apoptosis in HaC...     

中国1∶100万景观生态制图设计

中国1∶100万景观生态图系借鉴国内外传统景观制图方法和制图规范,在遥感、地理信息系统先进技术的支持下,设计研制其制图方法、制图内容、样图和技术流程,同时提出初步的景观分类系统,为今后编制中国1∶100万景观生态图奠定基础。     

甲流感疫情时空聚集性的GIS分析

2009年肆虐全球的甲流感疫情是由一种突变的猪流感病毒引发的流感,故又被称为猪流感。自2009年5月11日发现首例甲流感病例传入我国以来,在短短几个月的时间里,疫情迅速蔓延并呈现全国大爆发的态势。深圳因地理位置特殊,流动人口众多,一直是我国流行病的高发地区。本文以深圳市为例,对2009年5月26日至2009年11月15日间通过传染病疫情信息网络直报系统所上报的甲型H1N1流感确诊病例,分别依据患者的性别、年龄、职业等属性进行了统计,同时以日发病数为基本单位对这期间的甲流感疫情进行了时序与特征分析;并将病例数据输入地理信息系统进行地理空间定位,选取病例患者的家庭住址作为地理空间定位的基本单元,利用回顾性时空重排扫描统计量的方法对这期间深圳市的甲流感疫情进行时空聚集性分析。结果显示,深圳市的甲流感疫情的时空聚集性重点表现在9月份上旬与香港接壤的南部地区,对深圳市疫情的防控要重点布置在与香港往来的几个通关口岸处。     

中国“数字黄土地貌”分类体系探讨

黄土地貌属中国典型地貌之一,其分类体系是制图的基础。过去各种黄土地貌分类研究方案由于标准不统一,在实际应用中没有形成公认的地貌分类系统。本文将形态和成因有机地结合在一起,采用分层分级方法,借助于地理信息系统技术,分析并提出适用于遥感影像数据(LandsatTM和ETM)的1:100万黄土地貌分类体系,拟定出相应的编码体系,建立了典型地貌的遥感图谱。该研究为利用中高分辨率卫星遥感数据编制中国1:100万黄土地貌类型图奠定了坚实的基础,该分类方案可充分反映黄土地貌的特征,也能与全国数字地貌分类方案保持一致,同时该分层分级分类方案可满足地貌类型的扩充性。     

2009年甲型H1N1流感大流行时空分布特征分析

 本文利用球面距离的Ripley'K函数,分析了全球2009年甲型H1N1流感大流行早期疫情的点空间分布模式。同时,通过对比2000-2008年甲型流感病例数据,分析不同纬度国家2009年甲型H1N1流感新增病例数的时间序列特征及其与国家入境人数的相关性。结果表明,2009年甲型H1N1流感大流行早期疫情呈聚类分布,其L函数值最大值区间与65个全球城市的最大值区间相同。78.5%的病例分布在全球城市周围600km半径内。时间序列特征总体上类似于历年甲型流感,但是北回归线以北部分国家在6、7月非甲型流感流行季节仍有大量病例出现。并且北回归线以北国家冬季暴发集中在第45周到第48周之间,早于历年甲型流感流行时间。进一步分析认为,全球城市是本次流感国际传播网络的关键节点。国际旅行是流感传播的重要途径,并在本次流感大流行前期主导着流感跨国传播方向。同时不同纬度的环境条件对2009年甲型H1N1流感大流行有重要影响。     

Toxic effects of Karenia mikimotoi extracts on mammalian cells

Karenia is one of the most harmful and representative red tide genus in a temperate zone. Blooms caused by this genus have resulted in massive fish death in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. However, the potential effects of this dinoflagellate on human health through the transfer of toxins via marine food webs, and the mechanisms of toxicity, are still unknown. Therefore, we examined the toxic effects of a strain of K. mikimotoi (isolated from the South China Sea) on the proliferation and morphol...     

Toxic effects of Karenia mikimotoi extracts on mammalian cells

Karenia is one of the most harmful and representative red tide genus in a temperate zone. Blooms caused by this genus have resulted in massive fish death in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. However, the potential effects of this dinoflagellate on human health through the transfer of toxins via marine food webs, and the mechanisms of toxicity, are still unknown. Therefore, we examined the toxic effects of a strain of K. mikimotoi (isolated from the South China Sea) on the proliferation and morphology of four mammalian cell lines (two normal cell lines and two cancer cell lines). In addition, we carried out a preliminary investigation on the mechanism of toxicity of the alga. The results show that the polar lipid-soluble component of K. mikimotoi significantly inhibited proliferation of the four cell lines, and resulted in the cells becoming spherical, swollen and damaged. The result of Annexin V and PI double-staining confirmed that cell membranes were disrupted. The malonaldehyde (MDA) contents in the medium of the four cell lines treated with the polar-lipid extracts all increased significantly, which indicates that the polar-lipid toxins produced by K. mikimotoi could adversely affect mammalian cells by inducing lipid peroxidation. We conclude that K. mikimotoi is a potential threat to human health, and the comprehensive effect of this dinoflagellate and its mechanisms should be investigated further.     

Isolation and cultivation of the vegetative cells ofPorphyra haitanensis

This research deals mainly with the use of the vegetative cells of a marine red algaPorphyra haitanensis (laver) as seeds and their culture into young thalli for further cultivation in the sea. The experimental process was as follows. Enzymatically isolated vegetative cells were attached to rope substrates and cultured in the laboratory for a month until they became about 0.2–0.5 cm long sporelings and were then attached (7–15 sporelings per cm of rope) to nets for removal to the open sea for cultivation. A month after culturing, the thalli reached a maximum length of 50 cm (average of 20–30 cm). The thalli grew faster as the water temperature dropped from 21°C to 17°C. It was proved that the vegetative cells isolated from a small thallus about 5 cm long could grow up into normal thalli after being kept frozen for a year. The results of this study show that vegetative cells can be used as new seeds to simplify the production of laver sporelings. This technique is a significant advance in the field ofPorphyra culture.     

非等距GM(1,1)模型在沉降预测中的应用探讨

针对非等距沉降数据序列的建模问题,探讨了3种非等距GM(1,1)模型在沉降预测中的应用。结果显示,加权非等距GM(1,1)模型不适用于具有近似指数趋势的沉降数据,灰线性加权非等距GM(1,1)模型并非真正的非等距模型,模型预测式与时间无关,不能用于沉降预测,而对于笔者所建立的非等距GM(1,1)模型,其拟合函数等同于灰色线性回归组合模型,可用于近似指数趋势的沉降数据。通过实例分析对比了3种非等距GM(1,1)模型的应用效果,验证了上述观点的正确性。     

Reconsidering Melt-water Pulses 1A and 1B： Global Impacts of Rapid Sea-level Rise

Re-evaluation of the post-glacial sea level derived from the Barbados coral-reef borings suggests slightly revised depth ranges and timing of melt-water pulses MWP-1A (96-76m, 14.3-14.0ka cal BP) and 1B (58-45 m, 11.5-11.2ka cal BP), respectively. Ages of non-reef sea-level indicators from the Sunda Shelf, the East China Sea and Yellow Sea for these two intervals are unreliable because of the well-documented radiocarbon (^14C) plateau, but their vertical clustering corresponds closely with MWP-1A and 1B depth ranges. Close correlation of the revised sea-level curve with Greenland ice-core data suggests that the ^14C plateau may be related to oceanographic-atmospheric changes due to rapid sea-level rise, fresh-water input, and impaired ocean circulation. MWP-1A appears to have occurred at the end of Bφlling Warm Transition, suggesting that the rapid sea-level rise may have resulted from lateral heat transport from low to high-latitude regions and subsequent abrupt ice-sheet collapses in both North America-Europe and Antarctica. An around 70 mma^-1 transgression during MWP-1A may have increased freshwater discharge to the North Atlantic by as much as an order of magnitude, thereby disturbing thermohaline circulation and initiating the Older Dryas global cooling.     

Elevation change of the Urumqi Glacier No.1 derived from Sentinel-1A data

Accurate measurements of glacier elevation changes play a crucial role in various glaciological studies related to glacier dynamics and mass balance. In this paper, glacier elevation changes of Urumqi Glacier No.1 between August 2015 and August 2017 were investigated using Sentinel-1 A data and DInSAR technology. Meanwhile, the atmospheric delay error was corrected with the MODIS MOD05_L2 products. The weight selection iteration method was applied to calibrate the glacier elevation changes in the mass balance years 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. Finally, the geodetic method was employed to calculate the elevation change values of individual stakes of Urumqi Glacier No.1. Moreover, the elevation change values corrected by the weight selection iteration method were verified. Results showed as follows:(1) the elevation of Urumqi Glacier No.1 glacier affected by atmospheric delay was 1.270 cm from 2015 to 2016. The glacier elevation affected by atmospheric delay from 2016 to 2017 was 1.071 cm.(2) The elevation change value of Urumqi Glacier No.1 was-1.101 m from 2015 to 2016, and the elevation of Urumqi Glacier No.1 decreased by 1.299 m from 2016 to 2017. The overall thickness of Urumqi Glacier No. 1 was thinning.(3) By comparing the elevation change results of individual stakes with corresponding points corrected by the weight selection iteration method, the mean squared errors of difference were 0.343 m and 0.280 m between the two mass balance years, respectively.(4) The accuracy of elevation change in non-glaciated areas was 0.039 m from 2015 to 2016 and 0.034 m from 2016 to 2017. Therefore, it is reliable to use Sentinel-1 A data and the study method proposed in this paper to calculate the elevation change of mountain glaciers with very low horizontal movement.     

鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙地区二叠系下石盒子组盒1段砂岩成岩相与储集性能关系

塔巴庙地区下石盒子组盒1段发育了辫状河道相沉积,砂体厚度10~60 m,横向上连片,分布较稳定。勘探证实,盒1段砂岩非均质性较强、含气性呈局部分布、不连片,圈闭类型为岩性圈闭气藏。根据薄片、铸体薄片、X衍射、扫描电镜及压汞分析等资料对盒1段砂岩进行微观分析,了解其自生矿物类型、成岩作用及成岩序列、孔隙演化特征和孔隙发育的影响因素,进而分析胶结物组合类型及其对储集性能影响关系。认为以胶结物主要组合类型进行盒1段砂岩成岩相划分,结合录井油气显示、试气和测井等资料分析各成岩相储集性能、含气性和测井曲线上反映特征,找出有利的成岩相,以此在平面上预测盒1段砂岩天然气富集有利区,为勘探寻找天然气富集区提供依据。     

中国1∶100万地貌图色彩系统的设计与建库

中国1:100万地貌图的色彩设计是在对中国地貌特征分析研究的基础上,通过中国地貌图物理色彩模型,根据颜色三个基本特征:即色相、亮度和饱和度的不同变化与组合,结合人们对色彩感受的物理与心理特征,对中国1:100万地貌图2 000多个类型的不同色彩进行定量分析,采用现代数字地图印刷技术的C、M、Y、K四色值来构建色彩与地貌类型之间的联系,建立完整的地貌类型色彩库。以此编制的中国1:100万地貌图不仅很好地反映了中国地貌的总体特征,也反映出不同地貌类型之间的差异,该色彩系统可为编制相关专题图提供借鉴。     

中国陆地1∶100万数字地貌分类体系研究

地貌分类体系是地貌图研制的关键之一,本文在总结国内外地貌及分类研究的基础上,借鉴20世纪80年代的中国1∶100万地貌图制图规范,基于遥感影像、数字高程模型和计算机自动制图等技术条件,归纳总结了数字地貌分类过程中应遵循的几大原则,分析了它们之间的相互关系,讨论了数字地貌分类的各种指标:包括形态、成因、物质组成和年龄等,提出了中国陆地1∶100万数字地貌三等六级七层的数值分类方法,扩展了以多边形图斑反映形态成因类型,以点、线、面图斑共同反映形态结构类型的数字地貌数据组织方式,并详细划分了各成因类型的不同层次、不同级别的地貌类型。中国1∶100万数字地貌分类体系的研究,为遥感等多源数据的陆地地貌解析和制图提供了规范,也为《中华人民共和国地貌图集》的编制奠定了基础,同时为全国大、中比例尺地貌图的分类和编制研究提供了借鉴。