香溪河流域白家堡滑坡变形监测初步分析

白家堡滑坡受三峡大坝蓄水及强降雨影响变形较为明显,且仍在变形过程中。利用GDM600S型全站仪及cx-03D型钻孔测斜仪分别对滑坡地表及滑坡深部位移进行监测。监测结果表明:白家堡滑坡体呈"D"型整体运动;滑坡后缘滑动面(带)和中部滑动面(带)分别在地下11m和28.5m左右;滑坡整体滑动方向大致为NE55°,且滑坡变形具有自后缘向前缘递减的趋势。     

TDR技术在滑坡监测中的应用

对实际滑坡治理工程中的TDR监测成果进行分析,将其与传统的监测手段对比,总结TDR技术在滑坡监测实际应用中的优缺点.通过对比分析,可以得出TDR滑坡监测系统具有检测时间短、监测成本低廉、定位准确、可实现自动化观测、安全性高、量程较大等优点,同时还具有无法检测滑坡滑动方向,测定滑坡具体位移精度不高等缺点.     

钻孔测斜仪在高台滑坡深部位移监测中的应用

钻孔倾斜仪是一种测定钻孔深部位移的原位监测仪器,通过监测可以确定岩(土)体内滑面的位置、位移量和滑动方向,对分析边坡稳定性、确定滑坡动态起着重要的作用.为确保人民生命财产安全及水库的安全运营,应用CX-03系列测斜仪对高台滑坡的深部位移进行了监测分析,该滑坡GT1测孔未出现位移突变,GT2在11～16 m处推测可能存在滑带,两测孔的累积位移量都较小,判断目前该滑坡仍处于较稳定状态.     

基于深部位移监测的浙江省中林村滑坡变形特征分析

位移监测是获取滑坡范围、滑面位置、滑坡方向等变形特征最直接和最有成效的一种手段,可以为滑坡防治提供较为精准的数据。采取测斜仪和FBG光纤等2种深部位移监测方法,对浙江省中林村滑坡的变形特征与稳定性发展趋势进行了较系统研究分析。监测结果表明:中林村滑坡可分为上部、中下部2个部分,它们均处于蠕滑状态,变形呈缓慢增长趋势。2部分岩土体滑向、滑面埋深、滑动方式等差异明显,斜坡上部具有牵引式滑动特征,活动性不明显,受高陡临空面影响;斜坡中下部具有推移式滑坡特征,活动特征较明显,降雨为主要的诱发因素。     

四川茂县周场坪滑坡发育特征与变形监测分析

位于四川茂县南新镇的周场坪滑坡是一大型古滑坡,曾于1982年发生大规模快速复活,目前滑体半堰塞岷江。野外地质调查表明,周场坪滑坡在平面上呈不规则长舌形,长约850 m,滑体前后缘高差约350 m;在剖面上发育3级滑动,钻探揭露滑带埋深以50~70 m为主,推测潜在失稳滑坡体积为1 500×10 ⁴~2 000×10 ⁴ m ³。周场坪滑坡在平面上分为4个变形区,在滑体中后部和前缘坡脚发育大量拉裂缝与下错陡坎,拉裂缝宽度以0.2~3.0 m为主,陡坎下错高度2~10 m。在野外调查和钻探分析的基础上,对该滑坡开展了地表位移(GNSS)、深部蠕滑变形(钻孔测斜仪)和雨量等监测。监测分析表明,目前周场坪滑坡后缘变形速率达0.80 m/a,中部和前缘分别为0.69 m/a和0.51 m/a,呈推移式滑动变形,整体向NW310°方向滑动;地表位移速率在监测期内基本在1~3 mm/d之间波动,波动主要受降雨量影响,且略滞后于降雨量;滑移加速度基本在0~6 mm/d ²范围波动。ZK2钻孔测斜仪监测数据表明,滑坡在80 m深度内主要沿2层滑带蠕滑,其中浅层滑带埋深在22 m左右,深层滑带埋深在46 m左右,滑移速率在0~5 mm/d范围波动。综合研究认为,周场坪滑坡目前处于缓慢变形的深层蠕滑中,其变形速率受降雨和河流侵蚀等因素的影响,在极端内、外动力条件下,可能会加速滑动,并再次整体复活,造成堵塞岷江等危害。     

玄武岩台地区滑坡典型特征及防治对策

文章分析了江浙皖玄武岩台地区滑坡在地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质条件、滑坡体特征、滑动面特征、滑动多期性等方面的典型特征。由于地表水和地下水是玄武岩台地区滑坡中的主要影响因素,因此提出对该类型滑坡的防治应采用排水工程为主,并和其它防治措施相结合的方法进行治理。在滑坡治理的过程中,滑坡监测始终是滑坡防治的基础,防治的效果也需要监测工作来检验。     

滑坡变形对输气管道安全的影响分析

在对某输气管道线上一个正在活动滑坡变形和管道应变系统监测的基础上,分析了滑坡活动特征及其对管道安全的影响。滑坡监测采用地表位移监测,从而判断滑坡边界、掌握滑坡滑动状态对管道的影响;管道监测采用弦式应变计测其应变,利用强度理论评判管道的安全性。利用监测数据分析管道的轴向稳定性。监测结果表明,在该滑坡区域范围内管道尚属安全,但滑坡仍处于滑动阶段,对管道安全存在隐患。     

大型滑坡施工期监测系统设计及测试成果分析

八尺门滑坡是福建省内迄今所发生的最大公路滑坡,监测是滑坡动态设计和信息化施工的重要内容。在该滑坡施工治理过程中建立了一个大型的滑坡监测系统,为此详细介绍了监测系统设计、现场监测布设及测试方法,开展了包括地表位移、滑体和抗滑桩深部水平位移、抗滑桩土压力、锚索受力、裂缝及地下水位变化等多项目的监测,基于对典型监测成果的综合分析,给出了滑坡的滑动方向、滑面位置、滑坡位移变化、锚索受力及地下水位变化情况等,为滑坡动态设计提供了直接依据,并确保了现场施工和滑坡上的居民安全,有效节约了工程成本。研究成果为相关的滑坡监测工程提供了重要的借鉴意义。     

滑坡变形高精度智能化监测预警技术研究与实践

根据滑坡的勘察评价、治理工程设计、工程施工、防治效果评价、灾害预警等工作阶段,对变形监测成果的高精度要求,分析了滑坡变形监测的现状以及成果精度、数据可靠性等方面存在的问题,深入研究了高精度、智能化滑坡变形监测的技术方案,并在多个大型复杂滑坡和特殊高陡边坡监测中进行了实践应用。解决了常规滑坡监测难以获得高精度变形成果的问题,为滑坡变形评价、灾害监测预警等提供高效、可靠、高精度的监测数据,提出了很好的工作方案。     

基于数值计算的测斜仪监测误差分析

测斜仪在边坡深部位移监测中应用比较广泛,但其监测结果存在一定误差。已有测斜仪监测误差研究多是针对系统误差进行,缺少针对测斜仪监测数据计算原理引起的误差进行的研究。基于测斜仪监测数据计算方法原理与数值分析中常微分方程Euler解法的一致性,讨论了造成测斜仪监测误差的原因。分析结果表明:测斜仪监测误差与测斜仪监测初始值、测量分段长度和位移变形曲线形状有关;测斜仪监测初始值变化将给监测带来误差;测斜仪测量段长与监测误差呈线性关系,误差随测量段长减小而变小;当位移变形曲线为直线时,误差为0;当位移变形曲线为单-凸曲线或凹曲线时,监测误差随曲线变形程度和孔口变形位移增大而变大;测斜仪位移变形监测误差为累积误差,孔口误差大于孔底误差。在使用测斜仪监测时,为了减少监测误差,建议将每次监测初始值设为固定值,并尽可能减少测量段长。     

有限元法分析降雨条件下斜坡稳定性——以邻水县马鞍坪滑坡为例

通过对华蓥市马鞍坪滑坡现有变形监测情况表明,斜坡变形位移与降雨的关系十分密切,马鞍坪滑坡的后部强变形区,斜坡位移与50mm以上持续降雨几乎呈对应关系。研究人员采用工程地质条件分析与有限元分析法相结合,对马鞍坪滑坡进行了滑坡体在降雨条件下饱和一非饱和渗流分析与坡体稳定性分析。分析结果表明,降雨量是华蓥山地区斜坡失稳下滑的主要引发因素,不同雨量决定斜坡演化成滑坡的不同阶段,其影响作用也不近相同。计算结果表明,当日降雨量达到150mm左右且累积降雨量超过300mm的情况下,斜坡土体将出现变形,出现滑坡可能性大。该分析结果为今后华蓥山地区地质灾害监测预警示范中的地质灾害单体预警预报,提供了可靠预警参数。     

Monitoring of post-failure landslide deformation by the PS-InSAR technique at Lubietova in Central Slovakia

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar data from ERS and ENVISAT sensors were utilized in the analysis of the post-failure deformations in the area of Lubietova town in Central Slovakia. The catastrophic landslide of 1977 together with surrounding landslides in the Lubietova area were analysed with the help of persistent scatterers (PS) technique in order to evaluate recent and past deformations of the unstable slopes. Although long-term precise geodetic monitoring of the 1977 landslide revealed differential deformations inside the sliding mass, due to the lack of the PS located inside the landside caused by temporal decorrelation, unfortunately, these records could not be directly compared. The adjacent landslides with sufficient number of PS were analysed by transformation of the line of sight displacements recorded by the sensors to the slope vector direction. This procedure allowed identification of the precise boundaries of the actively moving landslide parts and the updating of the landslide inventory for the Lubietova area.     

A rigorous finite volume model to simulate subaerial and submarine landslide-generated waves

This paper presents a new landslide-generated wave (LGW) model based on incompressible Euler equations with Savage-Hutter assumptions. A two-layer model is developed including a layer of granular-type flow beneath a layer of an inviscid fluid. Landslide is modeled as a two-phase Coulomb mixture. A well-balanced second-order finite volume formulation is applied to solve the model equations. Wet/dry transitions are treated properly using a modified non-linear method. The numerical model is validated using two sets of experimental data on subaerial and submarine LGWs. Impulsive wave characteristics and landslide deformations are estimated with a computational error less than 5 %. Then, the model is applied to investigate the effects of landslide deformations on water surface fluctuations in comparison with a simpler model considering a rigid landslide. The model results confirm the importance of both rheological behavior and two-phase nature of landslide in proper estimation of generated wave properties and formation patterns. Rigid slide modeling often overestimates the characteristics of induced waves. With a proper rheological model for landslide, the numerical prediction of LGWs gets more than 30 % closer to experimental measurements. Single-phase landslide results in relative errors up to about 30 % for maximum positive and about 70 % for maximum negative wave amplitudes. Two-phase constitutive structure of landslide has also strong effects on landslide deformations, velocities, elongations, and traveling distances. The complex behaviors of landslide and LGW of the experimental data are analyzed and described with the aid of the robust and accurate finite volume model. This can provide benchmark data for testing other numerical methods and models.     

基于FLAC3D预应力锚拉桩作用机制和加固效果研究

运用数值模型试验方法,对预应力锚索抗滑桩治理后滑坡的加固效果进行分析和探讨。试验表明,FLAC3D数值模拟模型试验方法直观,且可以量化地评估加固前后滑坡和预应力锚索抗滑桩的变形特征,受力情况和计算滑坡体稳定性系数。加固后滑体的水平和垂直位移显著减小,滑体压力转移至桩体,稳定性系数大幅度提高。该方法适用于预应力锚索抗滑桩应用于滑坡的加固效果评价和加固机制分析     

A finite element approach for the analysis of active slow-moving landslides

In the present paper, a finite element approach is proposed to analyse the mobility of active landslides which are controlled by groundwater fluctuations within the slope. These landslides are usually characterised by low displacement rates with deformations that are essentially concentrated within a narrow shear zone above which the unstable soil mass moves with deformations of no great concern. The proposed approach utilises an elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model in conjunction with a Mohr-Coulomb yield function to describe the behaviour of the soil in the shear zone. For the other soils involved by the landslide, an elastic model is used for the sake of simplicity. A significant advantage of the present method lies in the fact that few constitutive parameters are required as input data, the most of which can be readily obtained by conventional geotechnical tests. The rest of the required parameters should be calibrated on the basis of the available monitoring data concerning the change in the piezometric levels and the associated movements of the unstable soil mass. After being calibrated and validated, the proposed approach can be used to predict future landslide movements owing to expected groundwater fluctuations or to assess the effectiveness of drainage systems which are designed to control the landslide mobility. The method is applied to back-predict the observed field behaviour of three active slow-moving landslides documented in the literature.     

水在滑坡变形过程中所起作用的探讨

文章以黄腊石滑坡群中的两个相邻滑坡(大石板滑坡和石榴树包滑坡)为例,研究了水在这两个滑坡产生过程中的作用,结论为:长江水位的抬升一方面抬高了滑体中的地下水位,另一方面使石榴树包滑坡约1/3的滑体浸泡在江水中,造成其发生多次滑塌;降水一方面引发坡面泥石流,另一方面使滑体的地下水位出现变化,增加滑体重量,软化滑带;地下水的静水压力和动水压力是促使大石板滑坡产生变形的主要影响因素,却是石榴树包滑坡变形的次要影响因素,地下水在石榴树包滑坡变形中的作用主要表现为软化滑带、降低滑带的抗剪强度。     

Deformation characteristics of a large landslide reactivated by human activity in Wanyuan city,Sichuan Province,China

With the rapid urbanization, an increasing number of landslides have been induced by human activities. In this study, a typical human-induced landslide known as the Maobazi landslide, which was triggered by foundation pit excavation in Sichuan Province, China, was analyzed. An emergency investigation was carried out to detect the basic deformation characteristics, followed by implementations of multiple monitoring schemes and emergency control measures to monitor and control reactivated deposits. The reactivated deposits depicted rapid deformations with a maximum deformation exceeding 140 mm from July to September before the emergency control measures were completed. The reactivated deposits gradually settled and were finally controlled in 2019. The results showed that the 2019 Maobazi landslide was a large; reactivated landslide with a scale reached to 520 Mm³, which could result in catastrophic consequences if it slipped down to nearby residential areas.

     

GPS在滑坡监测中的应用研究

本文主要介绍GPS用于地质灾害滑坡监测的技术和方法,并通过在中国四川雅安峡口滑坡示范区布设的GPS监测网的测量试验,阐述了在地形复杂、观测条件恶劣的山区进行GPS滑坡监测时,监测点位选择、监测网布设、数据处理的方法。监测结果表明,GPS滑坡监测的精度达到毫米级,完全可以应用于滑坡监测。      

基于实时监测的河口糖厂滑坡监测系统研究

滑坡监测工作已经开展了多年,本文提出滑坡监测的内容包括基础因子、诱发因子和过程因子三部分,认为诱发因子和过程因子是滑坡监测的重点.针对降雨型滑坡监测,提出降雨-入渗-位移变形三者相结合的滑坡监测技术方法,并在河口糖厂滑坡监测工程中应用,实现了监测数据的实时自动采集、自动传输、自动入库的全自动监测系统.通过监测可知,河口...