辽吉古元古代造山带的地层单元划分与构造属性

辽吉古元古代造山带位于华北克拉通东部,造山带的沉积构造背景和地层格架长期存在争议。最近的研究表明,辽吉古元古代造山带的沉积环境为一活动大陆边缘弧后盆地,经历了早期弧后盆地扩张和晚期盆地收缩-俯冲-造山的演化过程。北辽河群的浪子山组—里尔峪组(含老岭群达台山组)与南辽河群的里尔峪组和老岭群的蚂蚁河组应是同时异相的产物,前者沉积在弧后盆地大陆边缘一侧,以陆缘碎屑沉积为主夹少量酸性火山岩;后者发育在弧后盆地岩浆弧一侧,火山作用强烈。集安群(荒岔沟组和大东岔组)和南辽河群的中上部(南高家峪组—大石桥组)所构成的孔兹岩系为弧后盆地收缩-俯冲阶段的沉积建造(相当于弧前构造背景),遭受了~1.9 Ga的变质作用,并被~1.9 Ga的石榴石花岗岩侵入。河栏—草河口地区的"大石桥组一段"为一套大理岩夹变质基性火山岩的沉积建造,变质基性火山岩和变质基性岩脉均具有岛弧拉斑玄武岩特征,形成于弧后盆地的构造背景。依据其中基性火山岩~1.87 Ga的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄,推测其为弧后盆地俯冲收缩阶段的产物。狭义的盖县组及其相当地层的碎屑锆石反映出大量古元古代的年龄信息,太古宙年龄信息相对较少,故推测物源区主要来自南侧的岩浆弧,所谓的"狼林地块"不是一个太古宙陆块,而主要表现为一条古元古代岩浆弧。     

华北克拉通中部造山带早元古代盆地演化

华北克拉通中部造山带被认为是由东、西部陆块碰撞而产生的陆陆碰撞带。然而,关于两个陆块碰撞的时间以及方式还存在着争议。其中一个模式认为俯冲方向是向西的,两个陆块最终碰撞的时间是在2.5Ga左右,而另一个模式则认为俯冲方向是向东的,并且存在着2.1Ga和1.85Ga两期碰撞事件,第三个模式则认为俯冲方向是向东的,而最终的碰撞拼合发生在1.85Ga左右。近几年来,对于中部造山带中浅变质表壳岩系的研究取得了很大进展,为解决以上争议提供了进一步的资料。根据岩石组合和表壳岩中的不整合接触关系,位于中部造山带中段五台杂岩中的滹沱群和吕梁杂岩中的野鸡山群被分成了上下两个部分。其中,两个群的下部以及位于中部造山带南段中条杂岩中的绛县群和下中条群主要由类似于弧后盆地沉积的变质碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩和火山岩组成,而滹沱群和野鸡山群的上部以及上中条群和担山石群的岩石组合则是类似于山前磨拉石建造的变质砾岩和砂岩。来自于这些浅变质碎屑岩中碎屑锆石的年龄为我们提供了源区以及最大沉积年龄的信息。滹沱群和野鸡山群中的碎屑锆石具有两个峰值年龄,2.5Ga和2.15Ga,它们分别对应于中部造山带中段两期重要的岩浆事件。中条杂岩中的碎屑锆石年龄图谱则较为复杂,除了具有2.5Ga和2.15Ga这两个峰值,还具有2.7Ga这个较低和较老的峰值,这些较老的锆石可能来自中部造山带最南端太华杂岩中的古老岩石。弧后盆地沉积中最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄在2.1Ga左右,而山前磨拉石中最年轻的碎屑锆石在1.85Ga左右。结合前人的研究成果,我们给出了一个华北克拉通中部造山带早元古代沉积盆地的演化模式。从2.1Ga左右开始,一系列弧后盆地在"安第斯型"大陆边缘弧之后产生,在之后的东西陆块碰撞过程中他们成为了中部造山带的一部分。从1.85Ga左右开始,东西陆块沿着中部造山带碰撞,导致了陆壳加厚以及随后的快速抬升和剥蚀,从而形成了周缘前陆盆地中的山前磨拉石建造。发生在早元古代晚期的由弧后盆地向周缘前陆盆地的转化支持了华北的最终克拉通化发生在1.85Ga的构造演化模式。     

A review of the metallogeny and tectonics of the Lachlan Orogen

Future mineral exploration within eastern Australia will be enhanced by resolving the tectonic evolution of the Lachlan Orogen to establish the spatial and temporal terrane distribution of the various mineral deposits. The Lachlan Orogen, from north-eastern Tasmania through to central and eastern New South Wales, is host to a number of major mineral deposit styles—including orogenic gold (e.g. Stawell, Ballarat, Bendigo), volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (e.g. Woodlawn, Currawong), sediment-hosted Cu–Au (e.g. Cobar Basin deposits), porphyry Au–Cu (e.g. Cadia, Parkes, Cowal) and granite-related Sn (e.g. Ardlethan, Beechworth). Each of these mineral deposit styles is a sensitive and diagnostic indicator of the prevalent tectonic environment during their formation. In this review, we briefly summarise the deposit- to large-scale factors that define the diverse metallogenic evolution of the Lachlan Orogen. This overview is intended to “set the scene” for subsequent specialist papers published in this thematic issue on the metallogeny and tectonics of the Lachlan Orogen in south-east Australia.     

华北中部造山带五台-恒山地区古元古代变质作用与构造演化

华北克拉通古元古代造山带的时空分布与构造属性尚有很大争论,一种观点认为华北克拉通从新太古代至古元古代受大洋俯冲闭合控制,在1.85~1.95 Ga之间先后发生3次陆-陆碰撞形成3条造山带,即孔兹岩带、胶-辽-吉带和中部造山带;另一种观点强调华北克拉通这3条元古代造山带在1.80~1.98 Ga之间经历了相同的漫长演化过程,指示当时特有的热俯冲和碰撞环境.通过总结中部造山带中的五台-恒山地区变质作用研究进展,阐述该区古元古代造山时代与构造属性.五台-恒山地区的主要变质岩石-构造单元包括恒山杂岩、五台杂岩和滹沱群.恒山杂岩和五台杂岩主体为新太古代TTG片麻岩和表壳岩,它们在古元古代晚期经历了两期变质作用改造.第一期变质作用为中压型,是由于陆-陆碰撞导致弧后伸展盆地闭合、地壳加厚造山所致,从南向北形成一个递增序列:包括五台群下部和南恒山杂岩南部的低角闪岩相、南恒山杂岩北部高角闪岩相和北恒山杂岩的高压麻粒岩相,其压力峰期所对应的地热梯度为~15 ℃/km.变质锆石所记录的年龄峰值随着变质程度增高而降低,依次为~1.95 Ga、~1.92 Ga和~1.85 Ga,这是因为在变质过程中锆石生长受流体和熔体行为控制:在亚固相线下,变质锆石可记录峰期变质年龄,而在超固相线条件下记录伴随熔体结晶的退变质年龄.由此确定该区中压相系变质作用压力峰期时间为~1.95 Ga,对应地壳加厚造山的峰期.加厚地壳由于重力均衡导致变质岩从深部地壳折返至中部地壳,在P-T轨迹上表现为压力峰期之后发生等温减压（ITD）至0.5~0.7 GPa,岩相学上表现为峰期石榴石分解形成斜长石"白眼圈"等,指示缺流体条件.南恒山北部高角闪岩相岩石中的变质锆石记录的折返时间为~1.92 Ga,指示第一次造山结束.第二期变质作用为中-低压型,系为板内变形所致,表现为折返至中地壳的岩石伴随挤压型剪切变形和流体注入形成平衡矿物组合.朱家坊韧性剪切带就是这次板内变形的强构造域,其中也记录了顺时针型P-T轨迹,但所反映的地壳加厚程度有限,第二期变质-变形峰期时间为~1.85 Ga.由于朱家坊韧性剪切带左行走滑,导致北恒山麻粒岩地体抬升.五台-恒山地区在1.80~1.96 Ga之间经历两期变质-变形事件,这一认识或对讨论华北克拉通其他地区的古元古代造山带演化有一定启示意义.      

桐柏造山带古元古代变质基性岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

桐柏造山带位于秦岭和大别造山带之间,其北侧对应于北秦岭中高级变质杂岩,南侧对应于大别山高压/超高压变质杂岩.锆石U-Pb定年在一个榴辉岩中获得其原岩侵位年龄和锆石重结晶或生长年龄分别为(1961±23) Ma和(1949±51) Ma,在一个石榴角闪岩(退变榴辉岩？)中获得其变质年龄为(1936±26) Ma,表明这两种基性岩石在二叠-三叠纪高压变质之前经历了古元古代变质作用的影响.由桐柏—大别—苏鲁造山带可利用的年代学资料确定,扬子陆块北缘发育的古元古代构造热事件可分为两幕,第一幕发生在约1.97～1.93 Ga,可能与Columbia超大陆的聚合有关;第二幕发生在约1.85～1.82 Ga,或者代表Columbia超大陆汇聚的继续,或者是陆块边缘增生过程的结果.     

The Paleoproterozoic North Hebei Orogen: North China craton's collisional suture with the Columbia supercontinent

Understanding the geologic history and position of the North China craton in the Paleoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent has proven elusive. Paleoproterozoic orogenic episodes (2.00–1.85 Ga) are temporally associated with ultimate stabilization of the North China craton (NCC), followed by the development of extensive craton-wide rift systems at 1.85–1.80 Ga. The age difference between the sedimentary cover and the metamorphic basement is up to 500–700 Ma, suggesting that uplift and doming of cratonic basement occurred in the latest Paleoproterozoic. Mafic dike swarms (1.80–1.77 Ga) and anorogenic magmatism (1.80–1.70 Ga) record the extensional breakup and dispersal of the North China craton during this stage. The late Paleoproterozoic tectonic framework and geological events documented provide important constraints for reconstruction of the NCC within the Late Paleoproterozoic supercontinent of Columbia.An east-west striking thousand kilometer long belt of khondalites (granulite facies metapelites) stretches along the northern margin of the North China craton, on the cratonward side of the Northern Hebei orogenic belt. This granulite belt includes Mg–Al (sapphirine bearing) granulites that reached ultrahigh-temperature “peak” metamorphic conditions of  1000 °C at 10 kbars at 1927 ± 11 Ma. Following peak ultrahigh-temperature conditions, the rocks underwent initial isobaric cooling and subsequent isothermal decompression, and these trajectories are interpreted to be part of an overall anti-clockwise P-T evolution indicating that the northern margin of the craton experienced continental collision at 1.93–1.92 Ga. The position of the khondalite belt south of the Northern Hebei orogenic belt makes it analogous to Tibet, a continental collision-related plateau characterized by double crustal thicknesses and granulite facies metamorphism at depth. We suggest that the tectonic evolution of the NCC during this period was closely related to the assembly and break-up of the Columbia supercontinent, and that the NCC was adjacent to the Baltic and Amazonian cratons in the period 2.00–1.70 Ga. Craton-wide extension occurred within 100–150 Ma of collision along the northern margin of the craton at 1.93–1.92 Ga. It is concluded that mantle upwellings are chiefly responsible for the breakup of the NCC from the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent.     

U-Pb geochronology of the Grenville Orogen of Ontario and New York: constraints on ancient crustal tectonics

Based on lithological, structural and geophysical characteristics, the Proterozoic Grenville Orogen of southern Ontario and New York has been divided into domains that are separated from each other by ductile shear zones. In order to constrain the timing of metamorphism, U-Pb ages were determined on metamorphic and igneous sphenes from marbles, calc-silicate gneisses, amphibolites, granitoids, skarns and pegmatites. In addition, U-Pb ages were obtained for monazites from metapelites and for a rutile from an amphibolite. These mineral ages constrain the timing of mineral growth, the duration of metamorphism and the cooling history of the different domains that make up the southern part of the exposed Grenville Orogen. Based on the ages from metamorphic minerals, regional and contact metamorphism occurred in the following intervals:Central Granulite Terrane:Adirondack Highlands: 1150 Ma; 1070–1050 Ma; 1030–1000 MaCentral Metasedimentary Belt:Adirondack Lowlands 1170–1130 MaFrontenac domain 1175–1150 MaSharbot Lake domain ca. 1152 MaFlzevir domain: 1240 Ma; 1060–1020 MaBancroft domain: ca. 1150 Ma; 1045–1030 MaCentral Gneiss Belt: ca. 1450 Ma; ca. 1150 Ma; 1100–1050 MaGrenville FrontTectonic Zone ca. 1000 Ma.Combination of mineral ages with results from thermobarometry indicates that metamorphic pressures and temperatures recorded by thermobarometers were reached polychronously in the different domains that are separated by major shear zones. Some of these shear zones such as the Robertson Lake shear zone and the Carthage-Colton shear zone represent major tectonic boundaries. The Grenville Orogen is made up of a collage of crustal terranes that have distinct thermal and tectonic histories and that were accreted laterally by tectonic processes analogous to those observed along modern active continental margins. The subsequent history of the orogen is characterized by slow time-integrated cooling rates of 3±1°C/Ma and denudation rates of 120±40m/Ma.     

Cumberland batholith,Trans-Hudson Orogen,Canada: Petrogenesis and implications for Paleoproterozoic crustal and orogenic processes

Large volume, plutonic belts, such as the ～ 221,000 km², ca. 1.865–1.845 Ga Cumberland batholith (CB) of the Trans-Hudson Orogen in Canada, are major components of Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts. In many cases, they have been interpreted as continental arc batholiths. The petrogenesis and tectonic context of the CB and implications for crustal growth and recycling are interpreted herein based on a 900 km geochemical-isotopic (Nd–O) transect across it and into granitoid plutons within bounding Archean cratons in central and southern Baffin Island.The mainly granulite grade CB, emplaced over an age span of between 14 and 24 Ma, consists mainly of high-K to shoshonitic monzogranite and granodiorite, but also includes low- and medium-K granitoid rocks. Metaluminous to slightly peraluminous compositions and δ¹⁸O (VSMOW) values (+ 6 to + 10‰) indicate derivation from infracrustal (I-type) sources. ε_Nd 1.85 Ga signatures (? 12 to ? 2) of both mafic and felsic units suggest a dominance of evolved sources. Isotopic signatures in the interior of the CB (? 2 to ? 7) are more radiogenic than those within Archean domains in central (? 8 to ? 15) and southern (? 5 to ? 19) Baffin Island. The isotopic transect is interpreted as ‘imaging’ an accreted microcontinental block (Meta Incognita) and bounding Archean cratons. The CB includes granites of arc, within-plate (A-type) and post-collisional affinity and volumetrically minor mafic rocks with both arc and non-arc features. (La/Yb)_CN and Sr/Y values range from < 1 to 225 and < 1 to 611, respectively. In these respects, some CB granitoid rocks resemble Paleozoic adakitic granites, interpreted as partial melts of greatly thickened crust within post-collisional settings, such as Tibet. Thus, the CB likely encompasses various non-consanguineous magmatic suites generated at deep- to mid-crustal depths. Although CB granitoid rocks undoubtedly had important crustal sources, it is hard to assess the relative contribution of mantle-derived magmas.The CB is best interpreted as a post-accretion batholith resulting from large-scale lithospheric mantle delamination followed by the upwelling of hot asthenospheric mantle leading to voluminous crustal partial melting. Contributors to crustal instability which may have facilitated such delamination included: (a) a collage of recently assembled small cratons underlain by hot, weak lithosphere with mantle-depth structural breaks within this segment of the Trans-Hudson Orogen; (b) the gabbro-eclogite phase transformation, and (c) a greatly thickened crustal section (> 60 km), as evidenced by adakitic granites.     

造山带挤出构造与高压-超高压岩石剥露机制:以大别山为例

造山带挤出构造阐述了被边界断裂所围限的造山带深变质块体,在造山带内部垂向和(或)侧向应力的作用下折返变形的过程。研究主要集中在挤出块体的几何形态及其内部变形样式、边界断裂特征、挤出路径以及挤出动力来源等4个方面,其研究目的主要是为了解决造山带深变质岩石折返剥露的机制问题。依据挤出块体的挤出方向与造山带主体走向之间的关系,在三维球形坐标系Lx-Ly-Lz中,将造山带挤出构造大致分为7个端员类型(Ⅰ型～Ⅶ型)。其中Lx为造山带或俯冲带的主体走向;Ly呈水平方向并与Lx相垂直;Lz垂直于Lx和Ly所构成的平面。这些基本端员类型的组合及其之间的过渡类型可以详尽地诠释大别山印支期高压-超高压岩石的挤出过程。其中榴辉岩相挤出阶段介于Ⅳ型与Ⅶ型挤出构造之间,角闪岩相挤出阶段介于Ⅱ型与Ⅵ型挤出构造之间并可能具有渠道流挤出模式,而绿片岩相挤出阶段类似于Ⅴ型挤出构造。     

Zircon U–Pb age and trace element evidence for Paleoproterozoic granulite-facies metamorphism and Archean crustal rocks in the Dabie Orogen

Zircon U–Pb ages and trace elements were determined for granulites and gneiss at Huangtuling, which are hosted by ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Orogen, east-central China. CL images reveal core–rim structure for most zircons in the granulites. The cores show oscillatory zoning, relatively high Th/U ratios, and HREE enriched patterns, consistent with a magmatic origin. They gave a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 2766 ± 9 Ma, interpreted as dating magma emplacement of the protolith. The rims are characterized by sector or planar zoning, low Th/U ratios, negative Eu anomalies and flat HREE patterns, consistent with their formation under granulite-facies metamorphic conditions. Zircon U–Pb dating yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 2029 ± 13 Ma, which is interpreted to record a metamorphic event, possibly during assembly of the supercontinent Columbia. The gneiss has a protolith age of 1982 ± 14 Ma, which is younger than the zircon age of the granulite-facies metamorphism, suggesting a generally delay between HT metamorphism and the intrusion of post-collisional granites. A few inherited cores with igneous characteristics have ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages of 2.90, 3.28 and 3.53 Ga, suggesting the presence of Mesoarchean to Paleoarchean crustal remnants in the Yangtze Craton. A few Cretaceous metamorphic ages were also obtained, suggesting the influence of post-collisional collapse in response to Cretaceous extension of the Dabie Orogen. It is inferred that the recently discovered Archean basement of the Yangtze Craton occurs as far north as the Dabie Orogen.     

U-Pb provenance fingerprints of metavolcanic-sedimentary successions of the Mineiro belt: Proxies for the continuity of plate tectonics through the Paleoproterozoic

We document new U-Pb detrital zircon LA-MC-ICP-MS data for seven metavolcanic-sedimentary successions and metasedimentary sequences and reassess additional dates of five siliciclastic samples toward their tectonic significance in the context of the Mineiro belt, Southern São Francisco Craton. This belt represents a crustal segment of the 2.47–2.00 Ga Minas Orogen, classically known by its Siderian and Rhyacian juvenile rocks with important implications in the Earth's geodynamics. The new and compiled detrital provenance constraints unravel the long-lived magmatic and sedimentary history of the studied basins, lasting ca. 230–220 Myr. The maximum depositional dates around 2.1 Ga reflect the renewed sediment budget with the subsequent metamorphic episode ca. 2.0 Ga. Most of the unmixed relative probability diagrams are consistent with sourcing from the Siderian and Rhyacian arcs of the Mineiro belt, determining a detrital provenance change in time and space for the precursor basins. Alternative potential sources could be the youngest rocks of the Mantiqueira and Juiz de Fora terranes that constitute the other segments of the Minas Orogen, given the age match. The overall detrital fingerprints determine the study basins resumed mainly in Rhyacian fore-arc and/or back-arc settings, i.e., akin to a subduction-related system that evolved to a collisional (foreland) environment. Few samples show fingerprints of primary extensional settings, determined by major Archean detrital populations sourced from areas outside the Mineiro belt beside the Paleoproterozoic detritus. The working model considers the collage between the Mineiro belt and the ancient foreland around 2.10 Ga and eventual interaction with other crustal segments of the Minas Orogen, generating the ca. 2.0 Ga metamorphism over the metasedimentary samples. The more complete isotopic repository in detrital and igneous zircon grains for the studied supracrustal successions and the associated rocks allows new insights into the Rhyacian–Orosirian dynamics of the Minas orogeny. In a broader perspective, the juvenile nature of the Mineiro belt reinforces the paradigm of uninterrupted continental growth during the Paleoproterozoic Earth.     

Zircon U-Pb Age, Trace Element, and Hf Isotope Evidence for Paleoproterozoic Granulite-Facies Metamorphism and Archean Crustal Remnant in the Dabie Orogen

Zircon U-Pb age, trace elements, and Hf isotopes were determined for granulite and gneiss at Huaugtuling (黄土岭), which is hosted by ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie(大别) orogen, east-central China. Cathodolumineseence (CL) images reveal core-rim structure for most zircons in the granulite. The cores show oscillatory zoning, relatively high Th/U and 176 Lu/177 Hf ratios, and high rare earth element (HREE)-enriched pattern, consistent with magmatic origin. They gave a weighted mean 207 Pb/206 Pb age of (2 766±9) Ma, dating magma emplacement of protolith. The rims are characterized by sector ur planar zoning, low Th/U and 176 Lu/177 Hf ratios, negative Euanomalies and flat HREE patterns, consistent with their formation under granulite-facies metamorphicconditions. Zircon U-Pb dating yields an age of (2 029±13) Ma, which is interpreted as a record ofmetamorphic event during the assembly of the supercontinent Columbia. The gneiss has a protolith ageof (1982±14) Ma, which is similar to the zircon U-Pb age for the granulite-facies metamorphism,suggesting complementary processes to granulite-facies metamorphism and partial melting. A fewinherited cores with igneous characteristics have 207 pb/206 Pb ages of approximately 3.53, 3.24, and 2.90Ga, respectively, suggesting the presence of Mesoarchean to Paleoarchean crustal remnants. A fewTriassic and Cretaceous metamorphic ages were obtained, suggesting the influences by the Triassiccontinental collision and postcollisional collapse in response to the Cretaceous extension. Comparingwith abundant occurrence of Triassic metamorphic zircons in ultrahigh-pressure eclogite and granitehydrous melt is evident for zircon growth in theHuangtuling granulite and gneiss during thecontinental collision. The magmatic protolithzircons from the granulite show a large variationin 176 Hf/177 Hf ratios from 0.280 809 to 0.281 289,corresponding to era(t) values of-7.3 to 6.3 andHf model ages of 2.74 to 3.34 Ga. The 2.90 Gainherited zircons show the similar Hf isotope features. These indicate that both growth of juvenile crust and reworking of ancient crust took place at the time of zircon formation. It is inferred that the Archean basement of the Yangtze block occurs in thenorth as the Dabie orogen, with ca. 2.90-2.95 Ga and 2.75-2.80 Ga as two major episodes of crustalformation.     

Aureoles of Songshugou Alpine-type ultramafic massif

The Songshugou Alpine-type ultramafic massif intruded into the surrounding plagioclase-amphibole schists where high-temperature aureoles are found well exposed but not distroyed. From the outer part inwards, four aureoles are recognized: the oligoclase-hornblende zone, the andesine-hornblende zone, the garnet zone and the pyroxene zone. Toward the massif, systematic variations are noticed in the rocks from one zone to another, i.e., the rocks vary from fine-grained, fibrous, crystalloblastic texture to medium coarse-grained, granular, crystalloblastic texture and from schistose structure to massive structure; hornblende varies from blue-green to brofn; plagioclases vary in composition from An_12–17 to An₃₇, even to An₆₀ near the contact; garnet and pyroxene become more and more abundant; sphene is replaced progressively by titanomagnetite; and Na(K), Al and Ti in the hornblende tend to increase near the contact. Studies have shown that the typical rocks in the four contact metamorphic zones are generally similar in major and trace elements. But different mineral assemblages and mineral chemistry indicate that the rocks were formed under different physical conditions.     

北山地区古元古界北山岩群中长英质脉内锆石U- Pb年龄及其地质意义

深熔作用是大陆地壳分异、元素迁移富集的重要地质过程。位于中亚造山带南缘的北山地区,笔者等对前寒武系北山岩群进行了研究,结果表明该岩群普遍经历了角闪岩相变质及深熔作用,长英质浅色脉体分布广泛,却鲜有文献报道。绵山地区出露的古元古代北山岩群斜长角闪岩及相关的长英质浅色脉体的野外地质特征、相互关系共同指示了北山岩群变质地层经历了部分熔融,熔体在原地分凝聚积。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测定结果表明,顺北山岩群变质地层片理产出的长英质浅色脉体锆石n(²⁰⁶Pb)/n(²³⁸U)加权平均年龄约为370 Ma,表明深熔作用发生时间为晚泥盆世;一测点的n(²⁰⁷Pb)/n(²⁰⁶Pb)年龄为1623±12 Ma,与前人报道的北山岩群测年结果高度相近,虽此年龄值不足为证,但结合产出特征,可能指示长英质浅色脉体的源岩为北山岩群。此外,北山岩群中深熔作用普遍发育,露头可见大量的石榴子石、电气石、云母类矿物,指示区内部分稀有元素成矿潜力巨大。     

北山地区古元古界北山岩群中长英质脉内锆石U- Pb年龄及其地质意义

深熔作用是大陆地壳分异、元素迁移富集的重要地质过程。位于中亚造山带南缘的北山地区,笔者等对前寒武系北山岩群进行了研究,结果表明该岩群普遍经历了角闪岩相变质及深熔作用,长英质浅色脉体分布广泛,却鲜有文献报道。绵山地区出露的古元古代北山岩群斜长角闪岩及相关的长英质浅色脉体的野外地质特征、相互关系共同指示了北山岩群变质地层经历了部分熔融,熔体在原地分凝聚积。锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb 测定结果表明,顺北山岩群变质地层片理产出的长英质浅色脉体锆石n(206Pb)/n(238U)加权平均年龄约为370 Ma,表明深熔作用发生时间为晚泥盆世; 一测点的n(207Pb)/n(206Pb)年龄为1623±12 Ma,与前人报道的北山岩群测年结果高度相近,虽此年龄值不足为证,但结合产出特征,可能指示长英质浅色脉体的源岩为北山岩群。此外,北山岩群中深熔作用普遍发育,露头可见大量的石榴子石、电气石、云母类矿物,指示区内部分稀有元素成矿潜力巨大。