云南通海和东川两次地震的地面应变的象限性分布

本文分析了环绕1970年通海7.7级地震区和1965年东川6.5级地震区的几个三角网的复测资料得出水平面内的应变特征.指出通海地震震中区水平面内的应变张压呈四象限分布, 东川地震前震中区的张压应变也呈象限分布, 并指示主断面的运动方向.我们用弹性回跳理论解释了这一现象, 并指出它在地震预报中的意义.另外, 本文还扼要地讨论了震前震区应变四象限分布在时间和空间上可能观测到的范围.      

玉溪及邻区M≥6地震空间演化特征及原因分析

正玉溪及邻区M≥6地震主要分布在小江断裂带与楚雄—建水断裂带交界处,该区域从1500年以来共发生M≥6地震18组20次。通过解剖这些强震和大震前5级以上地震孕震和发震过程得知:当玉溪及邻区发生M≥6地震前,小江带北段的鲁甸、会泽、东川、寻甸等地会有5级以上地震发生,平均发震时间为14年6个月;或楚雄—建水断裂带北部的剑川、洱源、南涧、南华等也会有5级以上地震发生,平均为13年5个月。仅有1761年5月23日玉溪北古城     

中国大陆强震前地震活动图像演化特征研究

将1966年以来中国大陆发生的75次6.5级以上地震分为52组, 按华北-东北、 西南、 青藏块体、 新疆不同构造区域, 分别对其6.5级以上强震前4级、 5级以上地震活动图像进行了全时空扫描, 选取震前特征图像, 按构造区域进行分析、 总结, 研究强震前中等地震活动图像演变的基本特征, 及其震前图像演化的共性和差异性。 研究结果表明: 强震前不同级别中等地震活动出现二个阶段异常图像转化具有普适性。 5级地震图像后期在时间和空间上配套出现的4级地震的异常图像, 可能是强震孕育过程中由中期向短期过渡的一种标志。     

华南内陆5级以上地震前小震活动增强分析

对1970年以来华南内陆8次5级以上地震前小震活动增强开展分析,总结提取震前的小震活动增强的共性特征,并给出了震前小震增强跟踪策略。1970年以来华南内陆8次5级以上地震前均出现较显著小震活动增强现象,小震活动增强可作为华南内陆震情跟踪的一项重要预测指标;震前小震活动以增强—平静—发震为主,1970—2010年和2011—2021年5级以上地震前分别出现ML≥3.0和ML≥2.5地震集中增强,且至少发生一次ML≥4.0地震;东南沿海地震带西段5级以上地震的优势发震时段是增强结束后6.5个月内,东南沿海地震带东段和右江地震带为19～33个月内;目标地震一般发生在地震集中增强/活跃区及周边地区;今后应加强华南内陆ML≥2.5地震集中增强/活跃及其时空演化现象的跟踪研判。     

2008年汶川MS8.0地震前地震活动异常特征

分析了汶川地震前地震活动时空演化特征．结果表明:①汶川地震前38a龙门山断裂带及其附近形成5级地震背景空区,震前6.5a形成ML4.0地震孕震空区,震前1a孕震空区内部及其两端相继发生多次ML4.0—5.0地震,空区缩小;②中国大陆西部及邻区2001年以来处于大震活跃时段,而中国大陆内部地震活动水平非常低,出现非常显著的7级、6级和5级地震平静;③南北地震带7级以上地震在时间上具有准周期特征,空间上存在由南向北迁移的特点,汶川地震的发生符合这一规律;④1998年以来南北地震带中段为7级地震空段,汶川地震就发生该空段内;⑤2003年云南大姚地震后,南北地震带地震活动显著增强,且在中、南段形成4.6级以上地震环形分布,四川及其附近表现为异常平静,同时震群活动显著,且在4.6级地震平静区内形成震群空区,汶川地震就发生震群空区的边缘,震前8个月,震群频度出现高值异常;⑥汶川地震前7个月,青藏块体大范围ML≥4.0地震平静103d,2008年1月13日以后平静区逐渐解体,至汶川地震前４级地震平静区缩小到巴颜喀拉地块,汶川地震就发生在巴颜喀拉地块的东边界带上,汶川地震前3 个多月,孕震空区内部出现NW走向的3级地震条带,与龙门山断裂带斜交．      

云南地区定点形变观测异常特征与地震预测研究

对1966―2007年正式出版的《中国震例》中云南定点形变异常震例进行统计分析,发现云南地区6级以上地震前均有形变异常,且随着发震时间的逼近,定点形变异常数量有增加趋势。对2000—2015年云南定点形变观测异常进行分析,发现云南及其邻区6级以上地震发生前,定点形变均有显著异常出现。当显著形变异常数量N≥2,1年内云南及其邻区发生6级以上地震的概率可达75%。6~6.5级地震震前形变异常分布的震中距最远为470 km,7级地震达到700 km,且具有震级越大分布范围越广的特征。因此,形变异常台站数量可以作为云南及其邻区有6级以上地震的中短期预测指标。     

2003年12月22日加利福尼亚圣西蒙6.5级地震前做出的短期预报

引言报道了对最近发生的加利福尼亚中部2003年12月22日圣西蒙6.5级地震在震前所做的成功的预报。有关这一预报意见的报告是在地震前6个月,即2003年6月     

汶川地震与松潘地震前异常现象分析比较

分析了1976年松潘7.2级地震和2008年汶川8.0级地震前异常现象。汶川8.0级地震为地震活跃期的首发大地震,震前区域性中小地震相对平静,区域地震活动b值为0.77;松潘7.2级地震是活跃期间发生的地震,震中附近地区地震活动密集,曾发生松潘黄龙6.5级地震,震前区域地震活动b值为0.62;汶川地震前区域主压应力方位与错动类型总体上与8.0级地震给出的解大体一致,这与松潘7.2级地震前的情况有显著差异,震前地震与余震震型有差异。根据观测数据的分析和异常判定结果认为,松潘地震与汶川地震前的观测异常没有一个台项是重复出现的,短临异常数前者显著多于后者。松潘地震与汶川地震前的宏观异常现象差异极大,更未出现火球、地光临震异常现象。这说明,已有的短临前兆观测异常的出现仅有个案特征,而无普适意义。     

2014年云南鲁甸6.5级强震前危险区预测回顾和中短临异常特征

滇西地震预报实验场2013年底和2014年5月上旬分别在年度和年中地震趋势研究报告中提出,2014年度滇东北存在发生6级强地震危险性。2014年8月3日鲁甸6.5级强震发生在预测区域内。2014年鲁甸6.5级强震前地震活动性震兆和地下流体前兆存在中短临异常现象。地震活动性震兆包括云南2009年7月以来6级以上地震平静异常,滇东北5级地震丛集活动和滇东北中强震活跃期进入"强幕"等中期异常背景,以及大盈江断裂5级震群窗短临异常。地下流体前兆2014年6~7月出现同测点不同测项同步性异常和不同测点同测项同步性异常现象。     

腾冲地区潜热通量与周围地区地震活动的相关性

以2000年以来6.4级以上地震为例,研究了腾冲地区潜热通量（SLHF）在这些震例发生前后的变化特征。结果表明：腾冲地区的SLHF动态,不但在其附近发生强地震前常出现异常,而且对周边较远的强地震前也会发生异常反应;异常出现时间大都在震前1个半月以内,汶川地震前异常出现较早,发生在震前2个月之前,这可能与汶川地震震级高影响范围大有关;异常幅值与震级有关,震级越大,异常表现越强。 比如芦山7.0级地震、缅甸7.0级地震和汶川M_S 8.0地震前,腾冲地区SLHF异常幅度很大,远远超过最大参考值,而姚安6.5级地震和宁洱6.4级地震前异常幅度就相对小一些。腾冲地区SLHF异常与周围强地震的发生有较好的相关性,一方面与腾冲地区的活动断裂发育、现今构造变形强烈有关,另一方面可能是由于腾冲地区火山活动强烈,温泉广泛发育,水热交换迅速,对周边构造活动感应灵敏所致。     

山地小城市避震疏散通道通行能力评估及选择研究 ——以昆明东川城区为例

安全快速的避震疏散通道是新时代背景下提高城市抗灾韧性水平的基础保障,灾时充分发挥避震疏散通道的可靠性和时效性将减轻城市人员伤亡.选取山地小城市昆明东川城区为研究区域,通过系统分析避震疏散通道影响因素,对灾后避震疏散通道的通行能力进行评估,基于ArcGIS建立人口集聚点与避震疏散场所(OD)的归属关系,并在此基础上通过遗...     

2020年云南东川ML4.2地震序列精定位研究

利用云南东川地区10个宽频带流动台站的连续波形数据,采用基于深度学习的自动震相拾取方法和震相关联技术,对2020年东川M_L4.2地震序列分别进行绝对定位和相对定位,获得了该地震序列的高精度地震定位结果,得到东川M_L4.2地震序列的212个余震事件,约为中国地震台网目录给出的余震数目的5倍,丰富了M_L≤3.0余震;精定位结果表明东川M_L4.2主震震源深度为5.19 km,余震震源深度集中在3~6 km,余震序列分布长轴呈NNE向展布;此次地震发生在小江断裂带西支,发震构造与乌龙拉分盆地的构造演化有关。     

POISSON'S RATIO VARIATIONS OF CRUSTAL MEDIA BEFORE AND AFTER XINYUAN-HEJING MS6.6 EARTHQUAKE IN 2012

We analyzed the variation characteristics of Poisson's ratio in crustal media from January 2009 to December 2012 at 11 fixed seismic stations(for station SCH, it is from January 2006 to December 2012)within an epicenter distance of 200km of the Xinyuan-Hejing M_S6.6 earthquake in Xinjiang on June 30, 2012 using the methods of P wave receiver functions, H-κ stacking of receiver functions, and time sliding window, and obtained the following conclusions: (1)The crustal media's Poisson ratio of five stations in an epicenter distance less than 130km showed a significant and long-lasting decline about 2~3 years before Xinyuan-Hejing M_S6.6 earthquake. Taking the crustal Poisson ratio mean value as reference, the decrease ranges between 0.003 and 0.014, the decrease in 4 stations are more than twice the mean error. The variations of the Poisson's ratio in crust are characterized by "V" shape or "double V" shape. Earthquakes occur at the end of the formation of "V" shape. After the occurrence of earthquakes, the Poisson's ratio continues to rise. The earliest initial fall appeared in July 2009 at WUS station which has the minimum epicentral distance(77km). The Poisson ratio of the crustal media of 6 stations with epicentral distance more than 150km fluctuated up and down around the mean value, and there is no significant decline or persistent low value. (2)We analyzed the arrival-time variations of the quasi-repetitive receiver functions Ps converted wave(t_Ps)of the 3 stations WUS, SCH and XNY and found that the travel times of Ps converted waves became smaller in the crust before the earthquake and increased after the earthquake. (3)Through the comprehensive analysis on the descending process, decline ranges, variations process, duration of Poisson' ratio, the Ps converted waves arrival time variations, the original time of earthquake, and the number of stations, it is inferred that the cause for Poisson's ratio anomalous variations is the change of physical properties of crustal media in the process of earthquake preparation and occurrence. Since the variation characteristics of crustal media may be related to the earthquake magnitude, the size of seismogenic area, the medium properties under stations, and the focal distance, whether the medium variation characteristics exist before and after Xinyuan-Hejing M_S6.6 earthquake will need more earthquake cases analyses. (4)The H-κ stacking of receiver functions is used to calculate the velocity ratio. Because P-wave velocity is given, this method can only be applied when the Ps converted wave velocity of Moho surface of receiver functions changes before an earthquake. With the application of receiver functions to the analysis of more earthquake cases, we can gain more insights into the variation of crustal medium parameters during the seismogenic process. This observation indicates that the receiver function method may become a new approach to detect the Poisson's ratio change of the crustal media before strong earthquake under the condition of high seismic network density.     

库尔勒5.8级地震前地震波特性的某些短期变化

本文对新疆1978年4月22日库尔勒5.8级地震前地震波的动力学特性和运动学特性的某些短期变化进行了初步研究。重点讨论了5.8级地震前通过孕震区的小地震的直达波振幅比、振动持续时间比以及波速比的短期异常变化,並且,结合震前短期地震活动异常图象作了对比分析。实际观测结果表明,较大地震发生前,通过孕震区的小震的地震波特性可能出现一些较明显的短期异常变化,因而,对此进行研究无疑对于探讨地震孕育过程和地震的预报途径都是有意义的。     

Studying the spread <Emphasis Type="Italic">F</Emphasis> effect before earthquakes

The observations of spread F during the nighttime hours (0000–0500 LT) have been statistically analyzed based on data of Tokyo, Akita, Wakkanai, and Yamagawa Japan vertical ionospheric sounding stations for the time intervals a month before and a month after an earthquake. The disturbances in the probability of spread F appearance before an earthquake are revealed against a background of the variations depending on season, solar activity cycle, geomagnetic and solar disturbances. The days with increased solar (Wolf number W > 100) and geomagnetic (ΣK > 30) activity are excluded from the analysis. The spread F effects are considered for more than a hundred earthquakes with magnitude M > 5 and epicenter depth h < 80 km at distances of R < 1000 km from epicenters to the vertical sounding station. An average decrease in the spread F occurrence probability one-two weeks before an earthquake has been revealed using the superposed epoch method (the probability was minimal approximately ten days before the event and then increased until the earthquake onset). Similar results are obtained for all four stations. The reliability of the effect has been estimated. The dependence of the detected effect on the magnitude and distance has been studied.     

analysis on modis satellite thermal infrared information before and after the jinggu ms6.6 earthquake

Continuous MODIS/Terra satellite thermal infrared remote sensing data of the Jinggu M_S6.6 earthquake area from July 2014 to January 2015 is collected, and after cloud-removing, the thermal infrared data between 5:00a.m.-7:00a.m. Beijing Time, which is the best period for observation, is selected to perform land surface temperature data retrieval and analyze the temporal evolution of land surface temperature anomalies before and after the earthquake, as well as the relationship between abnormal spatial distribution and active fault. The impacts of non-structural factors such as topography, landform and seasonal weather of the earthquake zone on land surface temperature anomalies are discussed. The result shows that: a)there was thermal infrared anomalous temperature increase appearing near the epicenter two months before the M_S6.6 Jinggu earthquake and there was a certain correspondence between the anomalous temperature increase and earthquake occurrence time. The significant temperature increase happened in the first half of the month, reached its peak 7 days before the earthquake, and dropped rapidly after the earthquake. At the same time, there was also anomalous temperature increase to a certain extent appearing about half month before the strong aftershocks of magnitude 5.8 and 5.9; b)Through the correlation analysis of non-structural factors such as topography, landform and seasonal weather of the earthquake zone, it is found that the structural "temperature increase" before the Jinggu M_S6.6 earthquake was the information indicating the anti-season change of temperature increase in the earthquake zone; c)The anomalous temperature increase was cross-developed from the epicenter along the NS-NE trending conjugate faults, which is consistent roughly with the NNE-SSW predominant direction of the maximum principal stress of the regional tectonic stress field. After full consideration of the influence of non-structural factors such as topography, landform and seasonal weather on the abnormal temperature increase, it is inferred that this thermal infrared temperature increase is possibly a short-imminent anomaly before the earthquake.     

1976年唐山7.8级地震前气象要素的异常变化

系统研究了唐山地震前气象要素的异常变化。地震前约一个月时间，震中及附近地区月平均气压变化幅度最大，月平均气压距平中心区域与震中区吻合，沿区域构造带方向出现气压变化最大梯度区，临震前几天气民较大幅度的升、降变化过程，升压脊 区域构造瞳向吻合。地震前一年，丰润、唐山一带年平均气温距平值最大，地震前一天，气温２４小时变温的升温中心在唐山，升温脊受区域构造带控制。０．８ｍ地温亦有明显的升温异常变化。１９７     

7级以上强震前水温月超差个数异常分析

选取近年来中国大陆及周边3次7级以上地震,对周边地震一定范围内“十五”数字化水温台站的月超差个数进行统计分析。结果表明,2010年玉树7．1级地震前,周边700 km 以内77％的水温台站出现月超差个数的向上突跳异常。2011年缅甸7．2级地震前,未发现此项异常。2013年芦山地震前,周边700 km 内仅有13％的水温台站出现此项异常。这3次7级以上地震,震前不同的月超差个数异常特征,应与每次地震不同的发震构造和孕震过程有关。目前,此项异常震例较少,且仅在青藏高原有明显的前兆意义。     

Diurnal variation in the effect of the weekend in global seismic activity

The influence of the earthquake probability diurnal variation on specific features in the weekend effect in global seismic activity is revealed. The dependence of the global earthquake number on the local time and its possible relation to a quiet solar diurnal variation (Sq) in the geomagnetic field have been considered in detail. It has been indicated that a stable diurnal effect, which has a maximum near midnight and a minimum near local noon, exists in the global seismicity of the Earth. The diurnal variation amplitude changes insignificantly during days of week and substantially decreases (by a factor of almost 3) on Saturday and Sunday. The weekend effect is not revealed during “local nights.” Since the daily effect of a quiet solar diurnal variation (Sq) should not depend on days of week, we arrive at the conclusion that the diurnal variation in global seismicity evidently contains the anthropogenic activity product. The Sunday effect in the earthquake number decreases over the course of time and is most probably real but weak and not stationary since weekly variations occur against a background (or under the action) of stronger variations, i.e., an increase in the earthquake number and diurnal variations.     

川滇地区乾宁至东川段强震活动的研究

川滇地区乾宁至东川段的强震活动长期列为重点监视目标。本文概要分析了研究段的构造和地震活动环境与区域地震活动关系等之后,对该段的强震活动进行了详细的研究,指出该段强震主要集中于乾宁—石棉、冕宁—西昌及宁南—东川三个区域,未来最大震级可达6～7级。1995年前后可能出现6级以上强震活动过程。作为监视,更应注意乾宁—石棉间。本研究,有助于提高对该区地震危险性的判定能力。