武当地块基性侵入岩群的地质特征与构造意义

南秦岭构造带武当地块中发育密集侵位的基性侵入岩群，由于武当地区构造变形复杂，这些基性侵入岩体的侵位特征一直没有明确的研究结果。而查明它们的侵位特征，对认识其侵位机制、判断岩浆侵位的大地构造背景以及开展进一步的岩石地球化学和岩浆动力学的研究都具有重要意义。本文通过在武当地块不同构造部位所做的一些详细的1：5万地质填图以及相应的构造学研究表明，这些侵入岩体是顺层侵位到武当山岩群和耀岭河组中的，少数直接侵位到震旦系陡山沱组和邓影组中，侵入体密集发育的部位受武当地块古生代顺层伸展拆离构造的主拆离面控制。作者同时获得了402Ma的单颗粒锆石U—Pb年龄，表明这些基性侵入岩群形成于中古生代。因此无论这些基性侵入岩群的地质特征，还是其同位素年代学测试结果，都表明与前人所说的元古代超大陆的裂解很可能没有直接的成因联系。考虑到这个时期南秦岭构造带中发生的紫阳-岚皋碱性岩浆活动、镇安-旬阳浅层塌陷盆地、武当地块伸展滑脱构造及随枣地区基性侵入岩群的侵位等地质构造事件，作者认为武当地块基性侵入岩群很可能是古生代时期南秦岭岩石圈拉伸所导致的深部基性岩浆上侵的结果。     

南秦岭构造带中——晚古生代伸展构造作用

华北板块与扬子板块于加里东晚期沿商丹带发生碰撞的同时，在扬子板块北缘，即现今南秦岭构造带，开始发育一条近东西向延伸的拉伸带，其中包括武当地块伸展滑脱构造、武当地块古生代大规模基性岩浆活动及其西侧紫阳－岚皋古生代碱性岩浆活动带、镇安－旬阳浅层塌陷盆地以及佛坪隆起等。该伸展构造带主体在时间上发生在秦岭两期碰撞事件之间，空间上位于南北两个缝合带之间，因此，是秦岭造山带演化过程中的一个非常重要的阶段。该伸展构造的开始很可能与南、北秦岭碰撞后的造山带重力塌陷有关，随着该伸展带南侧晚古生代勉略洋的形成，南秦岭逐渐演化为华北板块南侧的被动大陆边缘，从而使南秦岭的地壳伸展一直延续到早－中三叠世。武当地块伸展滑脱系统中顺层侵位的基性岩席群的年代学与岩石地球化学的研究表明，这些基性岩与勉略蛇绿岩组合中的变辉绿岩及变基性火山岩具有很大的相似性，因此勉略洋很可能也是南秦岭这次拉伸作用的结果。     

秦岭造山带武当地区古生代伸展构造

武当地块位于勉(县)略(阳)地区东侧,南部逆冲于扬子板块北缘之上,中-晚古生代期间曾经历过一期伸展构造作用。伸展构造系统以现今中元古代武当山群与新元古代耀岭河组之间的界面为主滑脱面,盖层系统由南往北滑脱拆离。沿主滑脱面上、下侵位了大量的基性岩席,其单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为401±14Ma和407±12Ma。滑脱系统上部次级滑脱面上新生白云母的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年龄为282±8.5Ma和261±0.25Ma,表明伸展作用可能一直持续到二叠纪。考虑到邻区同时代的碱性岩浆作用,作者认为伸展构造是伴随着古生代大规模的上地幔基性岩浆的底侵作用发生的,很可能代表了勉略洋打开的早期阶段。这对认识秦岭造山带的构造演化具有重要的意义。     

南秦岭构造带中-晚古生代伸展构造作用

华北板块与扬子板块于加里东晚期沿商丹带发生碰撞的同时,在扬子板块北缘,即现今南秦岭构造带,开始发育一条近东西向延伸的拉伸带,其中包括武当地块伸展滑脱构造、武当地块古生代大规模基性岩浆活动及其西侧紫阳-岚皋古生代碱性岩浆活动带、镇安-旬阳浅层塌陷盆地以及佛坪隆起等.该伸展构造带主体在时间上发生在秦岭两期碰撞事件之间,空间上位于南北两个缝合带之间,因此,是秦岭造山带演化过程中的一个非常重要的阶段.该伸展构造的开始很可能与南、北秦岭碰撞后的造山带重力塌陷有关,随着该伸展带南侧晚古生代勉略洋的形成,南秦岭逐渐演化为华北板块南侧的被动大陆边缘,从而使南秦岭的地壳伸展一直延续到早一中三叠世.武当地块伸展滑脱系统中顺层侵位的基性岩席群的年代学与岩石地球化学的研究表明,这些基性岩与勉略蛇绿岩组合中的变辉绿岩及变基性火山岩具有很大的相似性,因此勉略洋很可能也是南秦岭这次拉伸作用的结果.     

湖北武当地块北缘伸展滑脱构造特征

鄂西北南化塘地区所进行的１：５万区域地质填图表明,武当地块北缘滑脱构造经历了顺层伸展滑脱和收缩褶皱变形两个重要阶段,前者形成以３￣４个主滑脱面为骨架的顶部由南向向的伸展滑脱系统,后者使这个结构系统褶皱复杂化,但仍继承早阶段由南向北的运动学规律。滑脱构造形成时代为晚海西－印支期,是与秦岭造山带主造山期时代一致的同碰撞伸展构造。     

武当地块西部席状基性侵入岩群地球化学特征：南秦岭古生代底侵作用的依据

武当地块西部顺层侵位了大量的基性岩席。本文对其进行的岩石学、地球化学和Sr、Nd同位素等特征研究表明，该基性岩席群的岩浆属于大陆拉斑玄武岩系列，来源于混合异常大陆岩石圈地幔型源区，为武当地块裂解和中古生代时南秦岭地区曾发生大规模的地幔岩浆底侵及壳幔相互作用重要标志之一。此外，该基性岩席群的岩石地球化学特征与勉略地区玄武岩及变辉绿岩总体的特点具有较大的一致性，结合该基性侵入岩席群的形成时代(401—407Ma)、武当地块伸展构造(425—260Ma)与勉略带火山岩(230Ma)同位素年代学的差异，武当地块西部基性岩席群很可能是由于勉略洋拉开前地幔柱活动使大陆岩石圈拉伸减薄发生拆离、深部岩浆上涌的结果。因此，它们应该是勉略洋打开的早期阶段在武当地块区的响应。     

湖北武当地块北缘伸展滑脱构造特征

鄂西北南化塘地区所进行的１∶５万区域地质填图表明,武当地块北缘滑脱构造经历了顺层伸展滑脱和收缩褶皱变形两个重要阶段。前者形成以３～４个主滑脱面为骨架的顶部由南向北的伸展滑脱系统,后者使这个结构系统褶皱复杂化,但仍继承早阶段由南向北的运动学规律。滑脱构造形成时代为晚海西—印支期,是与秦岭造山带主造山期时代一致的同碰撞伸展构造     

武当地块基性岩度群岩石地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

南秦岭构造带武当地块核部的基性岩席群,是在古生代地幔底侵作用导致地壳伸展过程中岩浆沿主拆离面及基底变质岩群内次一级滑脱面侵位形成。岩席群岩石地球化学特征的研究表明,其主元素、微量元素及稀土元素地球化学与勉略缝合带发育的蛇绿岩组合中的辉绿岩和大洋玄武岩之岩石地球化学特点相似,结合同位素地质学资料,本认为武当地块基性岩席群所代表的这次拉伸作用与略洋的打开是同一构造背景下不同阶段的产物。     

南秦岭造山带武当地区构造变形及构造复合

位于扬子地台北缘的武当推覆体是南秦岭造山带的重要组成部分，它经历了温长的构造演化历程。该区的层圈性结构和加里东－晋宁期的伸展滑脱作用造成了武当群构造堆垛岩系的形成，华北板块和扬子板块在印支运动期间的会聚碰撞造作用使武当巨型推体逐形成，至喜山运动时期完全定位。     

湖北银洞沟银金矿构造特征及构造控矿作用

武当地区位于华北板块与扬子板块的接合部位,属秦岭造山带。武当群组成一系列大型韧一脆性剪切带巨型推覆体,银洞沟推覆岩席是其中之一。该区早期构造样式为伸展作用及其伴生的韧性或韧脆性面型剪切,晚期为推覆线性剪切。根据面理、线理、褶皱、剪切带等研究成果,作者总结了银洞沟地区构造性质、成矿作用及模式。武当地区多重滑脱是在古地壳演化的不同阶段发育的不同层次的顺层剪切带,发育于变火山岩与变沉积岩之间的滑脱面（DF_2）控制了银、金矿床的形成。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861