制作天气雷达图网页浏览界面的新方法

简要介绍利用Asp和JavaScript网页编程技术,制作天气雷达图web浏览界面,实现天气雷达图在web上自动更新、全屏显示、动画功能的原理和方法。通过web网络共享方式浏览天气雷达图,在局域网范围内任一台计算机上均可实时监测强对流天气变化。     

2002年5月11日辽宁强雷暴冰雹天气分析

针对2002年5月辽宁一次强雷暴冰雹天气过程，利用天气学基本原理，结合天气图、传真图和雷达、探空、卫星资料。综合分析了东北冷涡形势下引发的强雷暴天气过程的物理机制及冰雹成因。     

溃变理论在汕头暴雨天气预测中的应用

运用溃变理论的V-3θ图结构分析方法和溃变图分析了汕头的一场暴雨天气,说明怎样运用溃变理论对汕头暴雨天气进行预测分析。结果表明:V-3θ图对暴雨天气预测有着较好的指示特征,溃变图对天气形势的演变有较好的指示意义,溃变理论在暴雨天气预测中有参考价值。     

2002年5月11日辽宁强雷暴冰雹天气分析

针对2002年5月辽宁一次强雷暴冰雹天气过程 ,利用天气学基本原理 ,结合天气图、传真图和雷达、探空、卫星资料 ,综合分析了东北冷涡形势下引发的强雷暴天气过程的物理机制及冰雹成因     

一次强对流性天气的超级单体雷达回波特征分析

利用天气图、物理量场图和哈尔滨新一代天气雷达(CINRAD—CC)的基本产品资料，对2002年5月13日五常县境内发生的一次强对流性天气的超级单体雷达回波特征进行分析，初步探讨了使用新一代天气雷达探测超级单体强对流云的方法。     

一次强对流天气的多普勒特征分析

利用天气图、卫星云图和5cm多普勒天气雷达的资料，详细分析了一次强对流天气的环流背景、回波发展演变过程和多普勒特征及其风场结构；初步分析了强对流天气瑟下垫面地理特征之间的密切关系。对多普勒天气雷达探测强对流天气的方法进行了初步探讨。     

基于溃变理论的V-3θ图在贵州3次转折性天气中的应用

利用常规观测资料和MICAPS 4版的V-3θ图,选取了2018年贵州冰雹、暴雨和大雪3次转折性天气过程,对V-3θ图进行了特征检验和简单应用,得出结论如下:(1)V-3θ图能很好反映大气能量结构变化,其典型特征均有较好体现:超低温结构、顺滚流、θ线多折拐等;(2)不同转折性天气其V-3θ图特征也有所不同:冰雹天气的滚流效应最突出,暴雨、大雪依次减弱;暴雨和大雪对θ_(sed)与θ~*线准平行且近重合要求更高;而冰雹天气过程对对流层顶出现深厚超低温结构更为敏感;(3)当环流形势较弱,常规天气分析难以判断转折性天气时,可利用V-3θ图特征进行辅助预报。     

市级气象实时业务系统的开发与应用

市级气象实时业务系统的建立，不仅为各级台站提供了丰富的天气图、数值预报传真图、卫星云图和雷达回波等信息，而且，为台站传输了大量的实时共享报文资料。充分利用这些实时报文资料，进行加工处理，分析大气结构，跟踪监视天气变化。对准确预报各种天气，尤其是灾害性天气，有着极其重要的意义。     

市级气象实时业务系统的开发与应用

1 引言 市级气象实时业务系统的建立,不仅为各级台站提供了丰富的天气图、数值预报传真图、卫星云图和雷达回波等信息,而且,为台站传输了大量的实时共享报文资料。充分利用这些实时报文资料,进行加工处理,分析大气结构,跟踪监视天气变化,对准确预报各种天气,尤其是灾害性天气,有着极其重要的意义。     

利用卫星气象信息提高地面测站测报质量

在测报接班前或观测前，调看地面图、高空图和红外线云图。借助这些卫星气象资料，初步掌握值班期间控制或影响测站的天气系统、云系等，对可能出现的天气现象进行技术上的分析和编报方面的预习。如夏季从地面图和700hPa高空图看出测站受东北冷涡影响，并从云图上发现低涡内有中尺度云团发展，根据天气学和实际测报经验，低涡天气在本站出现时，一般会产生阵雨、雷暴天气，有时会出现短时大风、飑线、冰雹等强对流天气。对于这样复杂天气的观测编报，如果观测前没有对天气系统和云系的认识和了解，观测时就会感到天气现象出现的突然，有可能顾此失彼，产生误测、误编电码等人为错误。如果在天气现象出现以前，有了对天气系统中可能产生的天气现象的预见，就能在复杂天气出现以前复习有关天气现象观测标准，进行天气电码选择，云的正确编报，“现在天气”和“过去天气”的配合编报。当某些观测项目达到“规范”标准时，根据“天气电码”规定编重要天气报、航危报等。针对可能临时出现的增加项目，要把量器准备好。这样，使测报在任何复杂天气情况下观测，做到心中有数，稳中有序，做到不误测、不漏测项目、不误编天气电码，提高了地面气象站的测报质量。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。