A Climatic Sequence Stratigraphic Model in the Terrestrial Lacustrine Basin:A Case Study of Green River Formation,Uinta Basin,USA

In recent years,with the development of terrestrial sequence stratigraphy,more attention has been focused on the study of the terrestrial lacustrine sequence stratigraphic model globally. Different viewpoints are preferred by researchers.Under the guidance of the theory of sequence stratigraphy,the findings of this paper indicate that climate is a major factor controlling the formation of the fourth-order sequence,based upon the study of the sequence stratigraphy in the Green River Formation of the Uinta...     

Variable-discharge-river macroforms in the Sunnyside Delta Interval of the Eocene Green River Formation,Uinta Basin,USA

An outcrop dataset from the early Eocene Sunnyside Delta Interval of the Green River Formation in the Uinta Basin, Utah, USA, documents alluvial channel lithosomes. The abundance of Froude supercritical-flow sedimentary structures, together with an abundance of high-deposition-rate sedimentary structures, in-channel bioturbation and pedogenic modification, in-channel muds and thick soft-clast conglomerates, identify these lithosomes as deposits of variable-discharge rivers. These recognition criteria are part of an emerging facies model for variable-discharge rivers. This facies model, however, yet lacks robust recognition criteria for macro-scale or bar-scale stratal patterns of variable-discharge rivers. This study presents a dataset that corroborates some known stratal patterns and provides examples of hitherto unknown bar-scale stratal patterns of variable-discharge rivers, including: (i) low-angle downstream-accretion sets that may form as washed-out sheets in high sediment supply conditions or downstream of hydraulic jumps; (ii) high-angle upstream-accretion sets that imply deposition from systematically upstream-migrating channel-scale hydraulic jumps (cyclic steps); (iii) concave-up, upward-flattening high-angle downstream-accretion sets that are consistent with aggradation in channel-scale hydraulic-jump scours; (iv) upstream-accretion and lateral-accretion sets that may be linked to high-magnitude flood reworking of point bars; and (v) aggradation or vertical-accretion sets of ambiguous origin. These unconventional stratal patterns are compared to the established bar strata, such as those formed by point bars and braid bars and a discussion is provided on formative conditions for the here documented unconventional strata. This work highlights a need for further studies on the effect of discharge variability on bar formation and on the link between river morphology and bar types.     

Recognition and significance of sharp‐based mouth‐bar deposits in the Eocene Green River Formation,Uinta Basin,Utah

Sandstone bodies in the Sunnyside Delta Interval of the Eocene Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, previously considered as point bars formed in meandering rivers and other types of fluvial bars, are herein interpreted as delta mouth‐bar deposits. The sandstone bodies have been examined in a 2300 m long cliff section along the Argyle and Nine Mile Canyons at the southern margin of the Uinta lake basin. The sandstone bodies occur in three stratigraphic intervals, separated by lacustrine mudstone and limestone. Together these stratigraphic intervals form a regressive‐transgressive sequence. Individual sandstone bodies are texturally sharp‐based towards mudstone substratum. In proximal parts, the mouth‐bar deposits only contain sandstone, whereas in frontal and lateral positions mudstone drapes separate mouth‐bar clinothems. The clinothems pass gradually into greenish‐grey lacustrine mudstone at their toes. Horizontally bedded or laminated lacustrine mudstone onlaps the convex‐upward sandstone bars. The mouth‐bar deposits are connected to terminal distributary channel deposits. Together, these mouth‐bar/channel sandstone bodies accumulated from unidirectional jet flow during three stages of delta advance, separated by lacustrine flooding intervals. Key criteria to distinguish the mouth‐bar deposits from fluvial point bar deposits are: (i) geometry; (ii) bounding contacts; (iii) internal structure; (iv) palaeocurrent orientations; and (v) the genetic association of the deposits with lacustrine mudstone and limestone.     

大型坳陷湖盆层序地层格架的研究方法体系——以鄂尔多斯盆地中生界延长组为例

摘 要 大型坳陷湖盆层序地层学研究有很大进展,但鄂尔多斯大型湖盆层序地层研究进展缓慢,主要原因是黄土塬地震资料品质差,钻井资料多解性强,横向等时对比困难,尚未找到合适的研究方法体系。本文通过三年攻关研究,总结出适于这种湖盆层序地层格架建立的方法体系,笔者称之为“六定”方法体系:“露头剖面定标准、小波变换定级次、湖平面变化定旋回、测井曲线定样式、地震解释定格架、三者结合定方案”。通过“六定”方法体系的系统应用,建立了可以在全盆地范围内进行地层划分与对比的三级层序地层格架。     

Sequence Stratigraphic Modeling of Sedimentary Basin: Conceptual Model and Application to Erlian and Yinggehai Basins, China

INTRODUCTIONQuantitativebasinmodelinghasbecomeoneofthefrontiersinsedimentarybasinanalySis.Alargevarietyofnumericalmodelsconcerningbasinformation,basinfillingprocess,thermalhistory,hydrocarbongenerationandaCCUmulationhavebeenformulatedoverthelastdecadetondAnctheprocessesandevollltionofsedimentarybasins(Mckenzie,1978,signeretal.,1990;Ungereretal.,1990).Thebasinmodeling,utilizingcomputersimulationtechnique,isapowerfultoolforbasinanalySisandhasincreasinglybeenintegratedintoconventionalbasi…     

陆相断陷湖盆T-R旋回沉积层序与研究实例

陆相断陷湖盆的沉降机理、湖盆形态等均有别于其它类型的沉积盆地,因此,沉积层序的内部构成及层序边界发育特征也不同。在这种湖盆中,不适合于直接套用“Vail学派”的被动大陆边缘型盆地的层序地层学模式,但其基本原理仍可应用。以东濮断陷盆地为例,分析了盆内构造－沉积旋回之内的湖进－湖退（T－R）旋回沉积层序,这种层序由湖进体系域（LTS）与湖退体系域（LRST）组成。LRST中发育有各种不同类型的储集砂体。由于断陷湖盆的边缘坡度陡峭,以及湖平面升降幅度有限,因此,叠加于构造－沉积族目之上的更高频T－R旋回层序缺乏Ｉ型层序边界,控制T－R旋回发育的主要因素是区内构造（断层）的幕式活动,而更高频的T－R旋回的形成则与米兰柯维奇气候旋回相关联。     

辽宁兴城龙回头盆地海房沟组地层序列 及沉积环境研究

[摘 要]龙回头盆地是位于辽宁省葫芦岛南的小型中生代盆地,盆地内充填中侏罗统海房沟组,本文以研究盆地内海房沟组地层序列及沉积环境为目的,在盆地内进行实测剖面、砾岩成分统计、砾岩粒径统计、砂岩粒度分析等工作,在海房沟组内发现植物化石(Podozamitaceae gen.indet.)及煤线,认为盆地内海房沟组与锦西南票盘道沟海房沟组及北票海房沟村海房沟组岩石地层序列可以对比。对砾岩的研究结果表明,盆地内砾岩普遍具有短距离搬运、快速堆积的特点,并通过分析剖面内砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩及泥岩的岩石组合特征,认为盆地内海房沟组属山前盆地冲积扇相。     

松辽盆地东南隆起区白垩系营城组二段沉积相分析及层序划分

依据吉林九台的野外地质勘察资料,通过分析营城组二段内部建筑结构、岩性、岩相等地质特征,运用层序地层学的理论和研究方法,对松辽盆地营城组二段砾岩进行精细的层序地层研究和层序划分对比。野外砾岩露头精细解剖揭示以辫状水道沉积最为发育,厚层砾岩由多期辫状水道垂向切叠而成,可划分为三级基准面旋回层序（1个长期、3个中期、8个短期）。     

裂谷作用对层序地层充填样式的控制——以西非裂谷系Termit盆地下白垩统为例

Termit盆地位于尼日尔东南部,属于西非裂谷系的北延部分,是发育于前寒武系—侏罗系基底之上的中、新生代裂谷盆地。该盆地早白垩世—古近纪经历了"裂谷—坳陷—裂谷"的构造演化过程及"陆相—海相—陆相"的沉积演化过程,表现为晚白垩世大规模海侵、早白垩世和古近纪两期裂谷叠置的特点。基于构造作用影响裂谷盆地层序发育的观点,分析了Termit盆地下白垩统裂谷阶段内的层序地层充填样式。根据裂谷作用的强弱,将早白垩世裂谷阶段划分为裂谷初始期、裂谷深陷期及裂谷萎缩期3个阶段。裂谷初始期层序断裂活动弱,构造沉降小,长轴物源体系较为发育,陡坡带为加积至退积型河流或三角洲沉积,缓坡带发育加积型河流或三角洲体系。裂谷深陷期层序断裂活动强烈,构造沉降大,陡坡带形成退积型水下扇或滑塌扇沉积,缓坡带发育退积型三角洲体系,盆地中心为泥岩充填。裂谷萎缩期层序断裂活动减弱并趋于停止,陡坡带为进积型扇三角洲沉积,缓坡带发育进积型三角洲体系。研究表明:裂谷作用对层序地层充填样式具有明显的控制作用,以构造作用为主线的裂谷盆地层序地层分析方法,能有效预测沉积体系和储层分布。     

桦甸盆地桦甸组与美国犹他盆地绿河组油页岩生物标志化合物特征对比

在野外地质考察、岩心观察和大量测试数据分析的基础上,对我国东北地区桦甸盆地始新统桦甸组和美国犹他盆地始新统绿河组油页岩中类异戊二烯烷烃、甾类和萜类等生物标志化合物特征进行了详细的对比研究,并探讨其对两地油页岩在有机质来源及古沉积环境上的差异指示意义。结果表明:在GC谱图上,桦甸油页岩Pr/Ph为1.47～2.03,具姥鲛烷优势;而绿河油页岩Pr/Ph为0.34～0.44,具植烷优势。GC-MS分析表明:桦甸油页岩规则甾烷C27-C28-C29呈反"L"型分布,∑(C27+C28)/∑C29为0.63～2.52;绿河油页岩规则甾烷C27-C28-C29呈钝角不对称"V"型分布,∑(C27+C28)/∑C29为0.96～1.20。桦甸油页岩萜类化合物中萜烯>ββ构型霍烷>αβ构型霍烷,以C29萜烯占优势;绿河油页岩中五环三萜烷>三环萜烷>四环萜烷,并检出丰富的γ-蜡烷和β-胡萝卜烷。两地油页岩生物标志化合物特征参数的对比分析揭示:桦甸油页岩为水生生物和高等植物双重生源,但细菌及藻类等水生生物的贡献较大,主要形成于弱还原淡水沉积环境;绿河油页岩有机质来源主要为细菌和藻类等水生生物,主要形成于强还原咸水沉积环境。     

松辽盆地北部深层层序地层格架建立与模式研究——以古龙-常家围子断陷沙河子组为例

松辽盆地北部徐家围子等地区深层勘探相继取得了一系列重大突破,但由于古龙—常家围子断陷深层地质认识程度较低,该区还处于深层勘探初期阶段。古龙—常家围子断陷区沙河子组充填了一套扇三角洲和湖泊沉积,是该区重要的储层和生油层。综合利用测井、钻井、地震等资料,将层序地层学原理应用于陆相断陷湖盆沉积,识别出沙河子组三级层序顶底界面,将其划分为2个三级层序,并在层序内部识别出高水位体系域、水进体系域、低水位体系域,建立了该区高精度的等时层序地层格架。根据沙河子组地质结构和地层发育的构造背景,建立了沙河子组层序地层模式:双向多断阶层序模式、双箕状不对称层序模式。     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组层序地层格架与沉积相构成

运用高分辨率层序地层学的原理和方法,综合鄂尔多斯盆地野外地质露头、岩心、测井及地震资料,确定了层序界面的识别标志,在上三叠统延长组识别出不整合面和沉积作用转换面两种类型的层序界面。延长组发育7个具有等时意义的层序界面,将其划分为6个长期基准面旋回。根据短—中期基准面旋回的叠加样式,SQ1层序至SQ3层序基准面上升旋回地层样式总体上以长期基准面上升半旋回为主,构成"上升不对称"型旋回结构;SQ3层序基准面下降旋回至SQ6层序地层样式则以长期基准面下降半旋回为主,构成"下降不对称"型旋回结构。沉积相类型及其展布受基准面升降变化控制明显,沉积微相类型以(辫状)河流—(辫状河)三角洲前缘水下分支河道为主。有利储层发育于长期基准面旋回上升半旋回的早中期以及下降半旋回的中晚期。     

伊朗Kashan地区古近系库姆组层序地层及盆地演化特征

库姆组沉积时期伊朗Kashan地区为中伊朗盆地库姆盆地东南方向的弧后边缘海盆地,以浅海相的碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩沉积为主.受构造运动与全球海平面旋回变化控制,大部分地区的库姆组形成了5个三级层序S1～S5,上覆上红组底部蒸发岩层,在这5个三级层序之下,盆地沉降中心位置还可见S0a和S0b层序.对格架中层序地层特征的动态演化分析后认为,Kashan地区在库姆组及其上、下地层沉积时期经历了7次重要的地层演化阶段:低水位充填期、初次海侵期、沉降充填期、孤立泻湖期、再次海侵期、构造抬升期、完全孤立期.     

断陷湖盆早期浅水三角洲沉积——以高邮凹陷永安地区戴一段为例

浅水三角洲作为沉积学和油气勘探领域的热点,目前研究主要集中在大型拗陷型盆地内,对断陷湖盆关注较少。通过充分调研区域地质背景并结合永安地区戴一段的岩心、录井、测井、地震、分析化验等资料进行系统研究后认为,戴一段处于断陷早期,地形较为平缓,水体宽浅且波动频繁,气候温暖湿润,物源供给充足,具备形成浅水三角洲的有利沉积条件。研究区浅水三角洲为近源沉积,以牵引流为主;砂岩中多见强水动力沉积构造;垂向上发育进积、加积的沉积序列,具平行、亚平行及叠瓦状地震反射特征;以前缘亚相为主体,相带宽阔,可分为内、外前缘沉积,水下分流河道构成主要骨架砂体;在向湖推进过程中受沉积物可容纳空间与沉积物补给量比值(A/S)变化的影响较大,不同成因砂体类型及沉积样式呈现有规律的分布。基于以上分析,最终建立了断陷湖盆早期浅水三角洲的沉积模式,在一定程度上对丰富浅水三角洲的沉积学认识并拓展永安地区乃至整个高邮凹陷斜坡带油气勘探的领域和范围具有一定指导意义。     

Sequence Stratigraphic Delineation and Correlation of the Dongying Formation in the Nearshore and Adjacent Sea Areas, Bohai Bay Basin

Based on the analysis of well logs, seismic data, core studies, the Dongying (东营) into three third-order sequences from base to top: namely, sequences SQ1, SQ2 and SQ3. The three sequences have different wireline (SP) log responses, showing triple-section characteristics with SQ1 being characterized by primarily flat baseline with intercalation of relatively low spontaneous potential, SQ2 generally exhibiting weak or moderate amplitude spontaneous potential with finger-shaped peaks, and SQ3 having relatively high spontaneous potential with funnel-shaped log curves. On the basis of the triple-section characteristics, the stratigraphic sequences can be correlated consistently throughout the entire study area. A stratigraphic and sedimentary model for sequences SQ1 to SQ3 of the Dongying Formation in the study area has been proposed. The accommodation space change in the two sides of the asymmetrical basin was examined and the asymmetrical basin has the feature of the asymmetrical accommodation space change. The asymmetrical physiography is a vital factor to influence the accommodation changes in additional to the lake level change, tectonism and sediment supply. This may have important implications to similar basins in other parts of China or elsewhere.     

Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy of a Back-Arc Basin： A Case Study of the Qom Formation in the Kashan Area, Central Iran

The Qom Formation comprises Oligo-Miocene deposits from a marine succession distributed in the Central Basin of Iran. It is composed of five members designated as A-F. Little previous work exists on the sequence stratigraphy. Based on an integrated study of sequence stratigraphy with outcrop data, wells and regional seismic profiles, the Qom Formation is interpreted as a carbonate succession deposited in a mid-Tertiary back-arc basin. There are two second-order sequences (designated as SS1 and SS2) and five third-order sequences (designated as S1-S5). Five distinct systems tracts including transgressive, highstand, forced regressive, slope margin and lowstand have been recognized. The relationship between the sequences and lithologic sub-units has been collated and defined (S1 to S5 individually corresponding to A-C1, C2-C4, D-E, the lower and upper portions of F); a relative sea level change curve and the sequence stratigraphic framework have been established and described in detail. The coincidence of relative sea level change between that of the determined back-arc basin and the world indicates that the sedimentary cycles of the Qom Formation are mainly controlled by eustatic cycles. The variable combination of the systems tracts and special tectonic-depositional setting causally underpin multiple sequence stratigraphic framework styles seen in the carbonates of the back-arc basin revealing: (1) a continental margin basin that developed some form of barrier, characterized by the development of multiple cycles of carbonate-evaporites; (2) a flat carbonate ramp, which occurred on the southern shelf formed by the lack of clastic supply from nearby magmatic islands plus mixed siliciclastics and carbonates that occurred on the northern shelf due to a sufficient clastics supply from the land; and (3) a forced regressive stratigraphic stacking pattern that occured on the southern shelf and in basin lows due to the uplifting of the southern shelf. Thick and widespread aggradational framework limestone usually occurs in the initial sequences (S1 and S3) of the supersequence, which led to preferential oil reservoir deposition but a lack of source and cap rocks, whereas the retrogradational and progradational framework limestone usually occurs in the later sequences (S2 and S4-S5) of the supersequence, which results in two perfect sets of source, reservoir and cap rock assemblies, so that the limestone in sub-member C2-C4 and the F-Member can be predicted as important objects for oil exploration.     

准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡区侏罗系层序地层格架的建立

综合阜东斜坡区侏罗系钻测井及地震资料,将侏罗系划分为六套层序。层序边界识别标志包括不整合面、古生物化石突变面、底砾岩及冲刷面等标志。体系域划分的关键是确定首次湖泛面和最大湖泛面的位置。研究区侏罗系沉积时期存在较为明显的地形坡折带,因此能够确定首次湖泛面的位置,建立起具有地形坡折带的层序地层模型。研究了侏罗系层序形成的主要控制因素,即构造沉降、物质供应速率、气候和基准面升降等。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上三叠统延长组砂体结构与层序地层学研究

运用层序地层学原理,对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上三叠统延长组长7—长4+5曲流河三角洲露头进行深入的研究,划分出低位体系域、湖侵体系域和高位体系域,其内部砂体骨架是由席状化水下分流河道、曲流型分流河道、辫状型分流河道沉积构成。阐述了鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上三叠统延长组层序格架和砂体结构特征,建立了鄂尔多斯盆地层序地层格架内砂体分布模式,构建了层序地层格架内砂体结构与相对湖平面响应模式图。研究表明随湖平面变化层序格架内砂体结构发生规律性变化,低位体系域早期侵蚀,晚期充填呈复合状砂体;湖侵体系域砂体呈孤立状;高位体系域早期砂体发育不全,晚期呈席状砂体。     

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷迁移型层序特征及其意义

迁移型层序是陆相湖盆中一种特殊的层序构型,但是其特征以及主控因素尚不清楚.通过对珠江口盆地惠州凹陷文昌组层序地层学研究,发现下文昌组三级层序PSQ1~PSQ4主要发育在凹陷南部,上文昌组三级层序PSQ5~PSQ7主要发育在凹陷北部;三级层序PSQ1~PSQ7逐渐由南东向北西发生跨洼陷迁移.这种迁移型层序是由幕式构造活动差异性造成的,在裂陷IA幕,惠州凹陷南部控凹断裂活动强度大,发育以下文昌组为主的T型层序构型;在裂陷IB幕,北部断裂活动加强,南部的断裂活动减弱,造成沉积、沉降中心迁移到惠州凹陷北部,发育以上文昌组为主的H型层序构型.迁移型层序及其控制下的砂体和烃源岩在侧向迁移、叠加过程中,更利于生、储、盖等油气成藏要素的有效配置,形成多区块、多层段油气藏组合.      

萨拉乌苏河流域地层沉积时代及其反映的气候变化

萨拉乌苏河流域位于我国北方沙漠/黄土过渡带和生态脆弱带,它对全球变化反映非常敏感,是研究全球变化的理想区域。本文根据地质测年、气候地层对比,以及地层中气候代用指标的分析,将萨拉乌苏河流域地层和气候变化划分为全新统的风成相与湖相沉积(0~11.5kaBP),早、中期气候较暖湿,晚期气候较干旱;上更新统城川组的风成相沉积(11.5~80kaBP),气候干旱寒冷;上更新统萨拉乌苏组的湖相沉积(80~140kaBP),气候温暖较湿润;中更新统上部的河流相与风成相互层(140~190kaBP),气候冷干与温凉半干旱波动;中更新统上部的冲洪积沉积(190~220kaBP),气候较暖湿等阶段。指出自中更新世晚期以来气候发生频繁波动,无论是暖湿还是冷干阶段,气候都波动频繁,气候变化不稳定性明显。