首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Physical and thermal treatment of phosphate ores — An overview   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The annual consumption of phosphate rock approached 150 million tons. The marketable phosphate is usually 30% P2O5 or higher. The run-of-mine material is mostly of lower grade which needs processing or upgrading. The processing techniques of phosphate ores depend mostly on the type of associated gangue minerals present in the mined rock. In some cases, simple, inexpensive techniques are enough to produce the required grade. For example, crushing and screening is used to get rid of the coarse hard siliceous material, and attrition scrubbing and desliming is used to remove the clayey fine fraction. If silica is the main gangue material, single-stage or double-stage flotation is the conventional mineral processing technique used in this case. If the ore is igneous carbonatitic alkaline or ultra basic phosphate deposit, crushing, grinding, scrubbing, and flotation associated with other steps such as magnetic and/or gravity separation is proved to be successful in upgrading this type of ore. The sedimentary phosphate ores having carbonate-apatite as the main phosphate minerals and containing carbonates (calcite and/or dolomite) represent a challenge in the field of phosphate concentration due to similarity in the physico-chemical properties of surfaces of the ore constituents. Also, if considerable amount of organic matter constitutes the main gangue material, upgrading of the ore becomes difficult. New flotation systems (techniques and reagents) are being developed to treat these challenging phosphate ores. Furthermore, calcination is another solution for upgrading these difficult-to-treat types of ores. However, calcination is indicted with some controversial drawbacks. This overview discusses and summarizes the State-of-the-Art and the existing efforts to overcome these problems and to produce a high-grade phosphate product suitable for fertilizers and other phosphate compounds.  相似文献   

2.
国内外“人工矿床”研究现状与前景   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
“人工矿床”主要是指废石及尾矿等能被重新利用的资源,在富矿资源日益减少的今天,贫矿资源,废石及尾矿等非传统资源的开发利用越来越受到重视,目前,国内外主要从物质再回收和物质转移两个方面对废石和尾矿的综合利用进行研究。国外已利用细菌浸出等先进的矿物加工工艺从低品位的含铜和含金的废石和尾矿中回民铜和金,利用已无回收价值的尾矿加工制造水泥,陶瓷,玻璃等新型材料,国内主要利用重选,磁选,浮选,化学选矿联合工艺流程回民铁,铜,金等尾矿中的有用元素,利用废石,尾矿作建筑石料或加工制造砖,混凝土,陶瓷等建筑材料。  相似文献   

3.
The study area forms part of an emerging iron ore province of southern Cameroon. Geochemistry analyses reveal that the siliceous itabirite has a very simple chemical composition, with Fe2O3 and SiO2 representing more than 96 wt.% of the average composition; suggesting chemical precipitates of silica and iron. Low Al2O3 and TiO2 concentrations and a weak positive correlation between them point to a minor detrital component in the precipitated marine sediments. The Si/Al ratio (average 52.7) indicates the hydrothermal origin of the studied itabirite. The Al–Si discrimination diagram supports this interpretation through the plot of all data in the hydrothermal field. The studied samples have low iron content (about 39.32% Fe), high gangue content (40.97% SiO2 and 1.3 % Al2O3) and low concentration of the deleterious elements (0.16 % P and < 0.01% S). The main gangue mineral is silica which can be efficiently removed from iron ores during preparation of raw materials for the blast furnace process. According to commercial standards for crude iron ores, it may be concluded that the Zambi iron ores are a low‐grade magnetic ore that can be profitably exploited for the production of iron for steel production.  相似文献   

4.
Attempts at improving comminution machines generally have been directed towards increasing the performance efficiency, particularly increasing throughput rate and decreasing energy consumption. The latest and most successful new comminution technology has been the high-pressure grinding rolls (HPGR), which have proved to be highly efficient in energy consumption and to have a relatively high throughput rate at low steel consumption. Already used extensively in cement plants worldwide, the first HPGRs in the mineral industry were installed in plants processing diamond ores. They are now finding their way into the large-scale base-metal mining industry. Since feed constituents in natural ores vary in their physical properties such as hardness, plasticity and brittleness, the present paper is concerned with an investigation of the behavior of a heterogeneous feed as it passes through the HPGR. The effect of feed composition on operational parameters, the energy efficiency of comminution, and energy distribution among the feed components is addressed. Mineral particles with high hardness act as energy transfer agents in the roll gap and enhance the grinding of softer mineral particles in a mixed feed.  相似文献   

5.
Combination of flotation and magnetic separation methods is widely used for enrichment of feldspar ores by purifying from dark-colored gangue minerals such as iron and titanium. In this study, the removal of dark-colored minerals from feldspar ore (Aydin Cine region of Turkey) was studied using a dry magnetic separator. The effect of several parameters such as feed particle size, blade angle, and roll speed on the removal efficiency was investigated in detail. In addition, the gangue contents of the magnetic and non-magnetic products were determined by a digital image processing (DIP) method in terms of using color differences between the feldspar sample and gangue minerals. The results obtained from this study clearly indicated that the dry magnetic separation method can be successfully applied in enrichment of feldspar. Meanwhile, the particle size of the sample showed no significant influence on the separation recovery. According to the results obtained from the digital image processing process, the sample with 0.04% cross sectional area of dark-colored minerals can be obtained at roll speed of 100 rpm and 130° of blade angle using the original particle size of 500×106 μm. Additionally, most importantly, these results showed that digital image processing method can be used to determine gangue content (dark-colored minerals) of the magnetic separation products compared to conventional methods as a simple, a reliable, and a repeatable method.  相似文献   

6.
Sedimentary phosphates contain-besides the phosphate minerals-, various associated gangue minerals such as: clays, silica, calcareous minerals (mainly calcite and dolomite), carbonaceous matter, iron oxides and/or pyrite. The common practiced flow-sheets for concentrating these types of phosphate ores consist of a combination of various mineral processing units such as: crushing and screening, attrition, washing, magnetic separation, and/or flotation. However, none of these combinations was successfully efficient to upgrade the calcareous ores because of the close similarity of the physical properties (density, particle size, particle shape, etc.) as well as the surface physico-chemical properties of the carbonate and phosphate minerals. For the last five decades extensive efforts have been spent to adopt flotation for separating carbonates from phosphate ores. These efforts include thermodynamic analysis, modification of the technique, controlling the pulp environment, and finding new reagents that can specifically differentiate between carbonates and phosphates.This paper reviews some of the published work on the separation of carbonates from phosphate ores by flotation and presents the flotation results of phosphate ore samples different in their physical properties and mineralogical composition. The results obtained reflect the effect of ore nature on the flotation performance and the reagents consumption.  相似文献   

7.
Image processing applications for customized mining and ore classification   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
During the mining operation, ore sorting and directing different grade ores to different processing circuits is a manual task in most of working mines, but this work puts a step forward toward automation of this process. The radical development in the area of image and data processing allows speedy processing of the full color digital images for the preferred investigations. In this paper, an approach has been proposed to classify the ores for blast furnace feed, based on the visual texture of the ore particles. The visual texture of ore particles vary with the mineral contents, for example, blue dust, hard ore, soft ore, etc. This information can be quantified by using image processing technique in red, green, and blue color space and first- and second-order statistical analysis. Commonly used Hartlics textural features were calculated along with red, green, and blue color values for 5?×?5-pixel size windowpanes extracted from five separate images. Results obtained show encouraging accuracy to apply the approach to develop an expert system for online ore quality monitoring to control the ore blending in the feed ore circuits as well as separating gangue minerals present in the feed ores. Matlab 6.5 was used for visual textural analysis and classification.  相似文献   

8.
Australian uranium ores are often composed of complex mineral assemblages. Differences in ore compositions and textures are seen between deposits as well as within a single deposit, which can host a range of ore types. Such a wide variety of uranium ores make it impossible for a single extraction or treatment process to be developed that will accommodate all of the ores. From a mineralogical perspective, key issues confronting the Australian uranium mining industry include: the prevalence of low grade ores; a lack of detailed chemical and mineralogical information (uranium speciation, texture, grainsize) for the various ore deposit types; and the presence of refractory uranium-bearing minerals and highly acid-consuming gangue minerals. This paper reviews some of the main controls on uranium geometallurgy by linking concepts relating to ore genesis and the resulting ore mineralogy, with the processing behaviour of specific Australian uranium ore types. Emphasis is placed on the value of detailed ore mineralogical analysis and the insight this provides into the factors of importance when considering uranium extraction.  相似文献   

9.
曾广圣  欧乐明 《岩矿测试》2019,38(2):160-168
秘鲁铜硫矿石的主要回收对象是铜和硫矿物,由于铜矿物嵌布复杂、粒度过细以及与各种脉石矿物或金属矿物交生关系紧密,利用传统工艺矿物学研究方法如化学分析、光学显微镜检测等较难准确定量其工艺矿物学参数。本文采用化学分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、偏光显微镜及矿物参数自动分析系统(MLA)等技术手段,研究秘鲁铜硫矿石的化学成分、矿物组成和主要矿物的嵌布特征、粒度分布及单体解离特性等,并对影响选矿指标的主要矿物学因素进行分析。结果表明:矿石中主要元素为Cu(0.65%)和S(9.53%)。矿石中黄铁矿(16.57%)含量较高,形态较为规则,与其他矿物之间的交生关系相对简单,粒度普遍偏粗,其中粒径大于0.30mm的黄铁矿占95.06%。铜矿物主要以不规则粒状、皮壳状、网脉状、纤维状、尘粒状、斑点状分布于脉石中或与黄铁矿、闪锌矿、磁铁矿等金属矿物交生紧密,粒度极不均匀,使得铜矿物解离难度加大,且矿石中云母(12.51%)、绿泥石(3.74%)、滑石(3.34%)、高岭石、蒙脱石(3.59%)等黏土质矿物含量较高,在磨矿过程中易发生泥化从而恶化分选环境。根据该类型矿石的工艺矿物学特性,本文建议采用"粗磨-部分优先浮铜-铜硫混浮-混合精矿再磨再选分离"的工艺流程,可得到质量高的铜、硫精矿。  相似文献   

10.
运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜形貌研究及微区化学成分分析等手段,对浙江省缙云县壶镇盆地及其外围沸石矿床沸石进行系统研究,确定其矿物组成主要为斜发沸石和丝光沸石,二者可单独产出,也可形成混合型矿石。研究区矿石在成分上属高硅型沸石,SiO2/Al2O3比值接近于8,有害元素Fe,Mn,Ti等质量分数很低。物化性能测试表明,浙江省缙云县壶镇盆地及其外围沸石矿为高品级沸石矿,矿石NH4+交换容量为163 mmol/100 g~212 mmol/100 g,K+交换容量为15.73×10-3~19.30×10-3,氮气吸附能力为13.1 ml/g~21.0 ml/g,比表面积测试值为157.17 m^2/g~191.50 m^2/g,具有良好的开发应用前景。  相似文献   

11.
鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿原矿全铁品位47.56%,含P 0.93%,主要脉石矿物为绿泥石、磷灰石、石英、方解石、铁白云石,属难选铁矿石。通过磁化焙烧-磨矿-磁选优化工艺,最佳磁化焙烧条件为:焙烧温度800℃、焙烧时间90min、还原剂用量12%,焙烧矿磨矿细度-0.074mm占85.15%,经弱磁选可得到全铁品位为58.13%、磷含量0.70%,铁回收率为90.41%的粗精矿。对磁化焙烧-磁选过程的各产物组成分析表明,焙烧矿和粗精矿中主要矿物为磁铁矿,占比分别为65%和85%;主要脉石矿物为绿泥石、磷灰石、石英、铁白云石等。粗精矿矿物的嵌布粒度较细,-0.074mm粒级占85.15%,但部分矿物仍以相互浸染、包裹、鲕状碎屑、连晶等形式存在,矿物仍未完全单体解离,从而导致粗精矿中杂质磷、铝等含量较高。粗精矿细磨后粒度-0.022mm含量为80%时,磁铁矿的解离度为84.63%,可实现磁铁矿充分单体解离,经过深选可提高铁精矿质量。  相似文献   

12.
Anatase and its allomorphic mineral rutile have the most prominent economic significance among titanium mineral resources and constitute one of the badly needed mineral resources currently in China. The Yantizishan-Moshishan anatase deposit was formerly referred to as an iron deposit. Based on recent investigation and exploration the authors believe that it is actually a large metamorphosed sedimentary anatase-dominated deposit belonging to a new genetic type. Ore bodies occur in stratoid and lenticular forms in Mesoproterozoic (1751 Ma) schist, metasandstone (metasiltstone), and amphibolite. Rich ores have perthitic structure comprising chiefly interbedded quartz perthite (with disseminated anatase and rutile) and anatase perthite. Ore minerals are mainly anatase and subordinately rutile and ilmenite (±hematite), while nonmetallic minerals are chiefly quartz with a certain amount of anthophyllite and biotite (±garnet). The grain sizes of anatase, rutile and ilmenite are 0.01–0.1 mm. Rich ores contain 3.14% to 15.46% TiO2, averaging 6.91%, while the low-grade ores have TiO2 content about 1.2%to 2.97%, averaging 1.76%. The ores have relatively high TFe and V contents. Trace elements in anatase and rutile such as Nb and Cr were analyzed by the electron microprobe. According to their relatively low Nb and Cr contents, source anatase and rutile must have come from meta-mafic rocks. Trace elements of the associated ilmenite show relatively high MnO and low MgO contents, just in contrast to those of ilmenite in V-Ti-magnetite ores of magmatic origin. The protoliths of amphibolite wall rocks should be basalt and picrite-basalt. Pertochemical data suggest that the tectonic setting of these rocks belongs to an island arc or a transitional belt between the island arc and oceanic ridge. Silicon isotope study shows that δ30Si values of different anatase ores, quartzite, and schist in this deposit are 0.1‰ to –0.9‰, similar to those of marine hydrothermal exhalative sedimentary deposits. All of these geological and geochemical characteristics of the ore deposit suggest that the anatase ores and amphibolite are products of submarine basic volcanism. The ores had chemical precipitation features, but were later subjected to regional intermediate (or somewhat lower) grade metamorphism (1158 Ma). Rutile was formed mainly in the process of this metamorphism. The ore belt locally underwent hydrothermal modification during the emplacement of Late Yanshanian granite (118?Ma).  相似文献   

13.
In order to understand the physical characteristics of rocks and ores in Qihe, western Shandong and serve to basic geology and mineral resources investigation, the magnetic and density properties were collected in the survey area and the surrounding area, and statistics and analysis were given on the physical properties in terms of different kinds of rocks and ores. The result is that magnetite has the maximum value of magnetic property, the values of magnetic properties of basic rocks are bigger than the intermediate-acidic intrusive rocks, and the values of magnetic properties of sedimentary rocks are the smallest. The density of the Cenozoic strata is obviously different from formations and intrusive rocks under the covered area. Their interfaces cause the obvious gravity anomalies. The density value of magnetite is the biggest, and the density value of iron pyrite is the second biggest. The density of the metamorphic rocks of the Archeozoic Taishan rock group can cause certain gravity anomaly. Taking advantage of the relationship between the physical characteristics and the geophysical field, this paper mapped the lithology synthesizing other data, determined the ranges of metamorphic rocks and intrusive rocks, and delimited the ranges of ferromagnetic geological bodies as the target prospecting areas. Based on the physical characteristics, the depth and thickness information about the magnetite ore was inferred by conducting gravity and magnetic joint inversion. The result was nearly the same as the result of the verification borehole. The work of the research has promoted the understanding of physical characteristics of rocks and ores in this area, and provided more reliable basis for geophysical inversion and interpretation, geological structure and mineral resources research.  相似文献   

14.
吉林省沸石的性质与应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张宁克  魏薇 《吉林地质》2004,23(3):72-82
沸石是一种新近被综合利用的非金属矿产,本文通过对吉林省的沸石类型、矿物特征、化学组合、矿石的物理性质(热稳定性、比表面积)进行测定,从矿石的本质上说明其应用的可行性,通过对矿石在农业,建材方面的试验结果来证明矿石的可利用性。为沸石矿物综合利用提供一些试验数据,以便在应用中参考。  相似文献   

15.
含粗粒金矿石品位分析试样的加工制备   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
王孝樽  毕慧明 《岩矿测试》1991,10(2):144-146
本文介绍了加工制备含粗粒金矿石的分析样品。对矿石含金品位低、脉石矿物硬度比较小类型的金矿全巷大样,在加工制样中筛上收>0.5mm大粒金。粒度<0.5mm矿石经缩分取样,用重选(摇床)富集粗粒金,分别检测结果,最终计算矿石总含金品位。实践表明,经本法加工试样检测结果所计算的金品位具有可靠性。  相似文献   

16.
新疆哈密卡拉塔格块状硫化物矿床金银赋存状态研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
新疆哈密红海黄土坡VMS矿床位于东天山卡拉塔格隆起带,是卡拉塔格矿集区内新发现的块状硫化物矿床。矿体产于卡拉塔格隆起带核部火山沉积岩建造中,具有典型的VMS型矿床“上层下脉”二元结构特征。该矿床中含金硫化物矿石主要有块状黄铁矿黄铜矿、块状黄铁矿黄铜矿闪锌矿、块状黄铁矿闪锌矿黄铜矿和块状闪锌矿。文中在对各类含金硫化物矿石进行详细的矿相学研究基础上,结合扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪联用技术(SEM/EDS),对硫化物样品中金、银的赋存状态进行研究。结果表明,4种块状硫化物中的主要矿物形成于多个期次,主要包括VMS成矿期(黄铁矿阶段、闪锌矿黄铜矿黝铜矿方铅矿阶段、石英重晶石阶段)、热液叠加期(石英黄铁矿黄铜矿闪锌矿方铅矿阶段)和表生期(铜蓝纤铁矿阶段)。矿区首次发现4颗金银金属互化物(银金矿、碲银矿),其较大的化学成分差异指示了热液环境由中酸性中性转变为更有利于Au、Ag迁移沉淀的偏碱性。后期的偏碱性热液对VMS成矿期形成矿物产生了交代作用,使得Au、Ag活化再富集。由于后期热液叠加改造,红海VMS型矿床中Au、Ag不仅赋存于VMS成矿期后期中低温闪锌矿黄铜矿阶段,也赋存于VMS成矿期早期中高温黄铁矿阶段,并贯穿整个热液叠加期。各含金矿物组合中除4颗金银金属互化物外Au多呈显微不可见状态,推测Au、Ag主要以原子或离子形式赋存于矿物晶格中或矿物空位处。  相似文献   

17.
文章以穆棱沸石矿床为例,探讨了天然沸石矿矿化分带特征与矿石物化性能的空间变化规律。研究表明:矿床不同部位沸石矿化类型的差异变化与碱金属K、Na元素的分异富集特征关系密切;若两者分异富集明显,易形成单一的斜发沸石或丝光沸石矿;反之,则形成混合型沸石矿。由矿体浅部往深部,矿石物化性能的差异变化总体表现为:NH4^ 和K^ 的交换容量、最大热失重值、吸湿率及气体吸附容量等渐趋增大;而矿石的耐酸性和热稳定性却有相反的变化趋势。  相似文献   

18.
青海果洛龙洼金矿床金的赋存状态研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
果洛龙洼金矿床物质组成简单,属少硫化物型,金属矿物含量约5.4%,脉石矿物含量约94.6%.载金矿物以石英和黄铁矿为主,金矿物有银金矿和自然金,在矿石中分布很不均匀,以裂隙金和粒间金为主要赋存形式.金矿物粒度较细.  相似文献   

19.
以云南大屯选矿厂锡粗精矿为研究对象,采用化学分析、X射线衍射分析及光学显微镜分析等手段对该粗精矿的化学组成、矿物组成、矿物嵌布粒度特征等进行了详细的研究。结果表明,锡粗精矿中有价元素锡的品位为13.80%,锡矿物主要以锡石形式产出。锡粗精矿中TFe含量为30.78%,主要以褐铁矿、磁黄铁矿的形式存在,磁黄铁矿是导致粗精矿含硫高的主要原因。锡粗精矿中主要的脉石矿物有白云石、透闪石、电气石、石英、白云母、萤石等,且脉石矿物与锡石均有不同程度的毗邻连生、包裹共生关系。本次工艺矿物学研究认为,大屯选矿厂锡粗精矿宜采用浮选预先脱硫,除去其中的硫化物,再对浮选尾矿采用重选工艺提高锡品位和回收率。该研究结果可以为大屯选矿厂工艺流程改造和合理开发利用锡资源提供科学依据。  相似文献   

20.
云南会泽铅锌矿床脉石矿物方解石REE地球化学   总被引:19,自引:5,他引:19  
方解石是云南会泽铅锌矿床最重要的脉石矿物,原生矿石中三种产状(即团块状状、团斑状和脉状)方解石的REE含量、有关参数和配分模式都有一定的差异,但不同产状方解石之间以及同种产状方解石的REE地球化学特征具有连续变化规律。分析结果表明:矿区原生矿石中三种产状方解石为同源不同阶段形成的产物;矿床成矿流体具有多来源特征,地幔流体在成矿流体形成过程中具有重要作用;成矿流体在演化过程REE含量逐渐降低;成矿环境由相对还原向相对氧化变化。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号