利用SPOT和ETM+影像进行县级土地利用调查--以河北省万全县为例

本文以SPOT和ETM 影像作为主要信息源，经过对图像进行几何纠正、配准、增强和融合等一系列处理后，在ARCVIEW GIS基础上，成功完成了对河北省万全县土地资源利用情况的调查分析。同时还对应用遥感技术成功获取土地资源利用信息的方法和技术进行了探讨。     

制作1:5万TM影像图的关键技术

为了适应面广量大且需求仍在不断增长的1:5万专题调查制图的需要,我们采用数字插值放大、优化波段组合的光机复合处理技术,探索了1:5万高质量TM影像图的制作技术。本文介绍了制作1:5万高质量TM影像图的基本工艺方案及技术关键:(1)对TM图像磁带数据进行实数倍(2.28倍)双向线性插值放大,(2)在C-4500扫描仪上用50μm光点扫描获得比例尺为1:25万的潜影图像,(3)把潜影图像经显影、定影处理,再光学放大5倍,获得1:5万TM影像图。从我们结合有关任务先后在河北省南皮县、黑龙江省穆稜县和山东省莱洲湾等地区进行的试验研究看,均取得了良好效果。     

双目序列影像3维运动物体定位跟踪

将计算机视觉中立体和运动视觉相结合,通过数字摄影测量方法,对智能视觉监控中计算机系统所获得的双序列图像通过物方“图像”分析法完成对运动物体空间位置的定位、量测及其跟踪,其中包括:摄像机检校,立体-运动双匹配约束,运动参数的求解及其云台运动控制等内容。给出采用所述方法,从真实双目序列影像中获取物体以匀速直线运动和匀加速直线运动云台运动控制的实验结果。     

草场资源分类专家系统的研究

在分析了基于光谱特征的统计模式识别方法用于遥感图像的计算机分类的不足之后，探讨了进一步提高遥感图像分类结果精度及可靠性的途径，指出了在遥感图像的计算机自动分类过程中，综合利用遥感图像多光谱特征及光谱特征以外的辅助信息对遥感图像进行分类是解决上述问题的有效方法，并通过笔者研制的草场资源分类专家系统ＧＥＳ（ＧｒａｓｓｌａｎｄＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓＣｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎＥｘｐｅｒｔＳｙｓｔｅｍ）说明了专家系统技术用于遥感图像分类能够有效地解决分类过程中综合利用各种辅助信息的问题。     

360°球形全景制作技术及其网络应用示范

采用先进的数字成像技术,通过对鱼眼镜头影像获取、图像拼接技术的深入研究,并结合JAVA后台程序支持实现真实影像的全景Web发布。在具体应用中既可360°环视景色,又可以显示上下景观,符合人们视觉习惯,并在网上与观赏者实现全方位的3维互动,如图像放大缩小、各方向移动观看场景等,以达到模拟和再现场景的真实环境的效果。     

基于小波变换的影像信息融合方法

文中提出了一种基于小波变换的影像信息融合方法来提高遥感影像的几何分辨率，该算法的基本思想是：首先利用小波正变换算法将待处理的两幅影像分解成不同分辨率的子图像，然后在一定的准则下对不同分辨率的子图像进行信息融合处理，最后利用小波重建算法对融合子图像进行小波逆变换处理，得到信息融合后的高质量图像，实验表明该方法是可行的。     

图像分辨率增强的偏微分方程方法

讨论一种新的图像分辨率增强的偏微分方程模型。新模型利用图像为分片连续的二维曲面的先验信息,采用非线性扩散方程对基于最近邻方法放大后的图像进行光滑以消除因放大引起的“块状”效应,同时在迭代过程中加入插值条件使处理后的图像能较好的保留边缘,由此构造出基于偏微分方程的图像分辨率增强模型和相应的迭代算法,使图像的分辨率增强到亚像元级。遥感图像的仿真计算结果表明,该方法具有比现有方法更高的峰值信噪比和更高的边缘保护指数。     

纹理映射失真处理中的LOD技术

纹理映射是计算机图形学中广泛应用的一项重要技术,纹理图像可以描述景物表面各点处的反射属性,模拟景物表面丰富的纹理细节,减少建模的工作量,提高计算机生成图形的真实性.但是由于纹理都为栅格图像,放大和缩小会产生一定程度的失真,所以要对纹理进行细节分层处理.文中主要介绍纹理的重采样和建立金字塔技术,提出减少纹理映射失真的方法.     

基于改进Mask掩膜的航空影像匀光研究

针对航空影像亮度和反差分布不均匀现象,首先将原始航空影像进行频率域的低通滤波,获得可以反映影像亮度分布状况的背景影像;然后将原始影像与背景信息进行Mask掩膜运算,得到亮度分布均匀的结果影像。在此过程中,使用缩小影像代替原始影像用于背景影像的生成,可在不影响影像质量的同时大幅提高生成背景影像的效率。     

基于降落相机图像的嫦娥三号着陆轨迹恢复

嫦娥三号降落相机在探测器实施软着陆的过程中获取了大量序列月面图像,这些图像不仅为公众提供了可视化的着陆过程,而且为着陆器在卫星遥感影像上的高精度定位提供了数据基础。在分析这些序列图像成像几何特性的基础上,提出一种利用降落序列图像进行嫦娥三号着陆器轨迹及姿态恢复的方法。首先通过序列影像进行自由网平差,建立各降落影像及月面的相对位置和姿态关系;然后通过量测卫星遥感影像及降落影像上月面标志物的尺寸,求解出建立的相对模型的尺度,从而恢复出序列降落影像在着陆过程中的带尺寸的位置和姿态;最后通过降落影像的密集匹配,完成着陆区域月表3维模型的重建。本文充分挖掘了降落相机的应用潜力,为嫦娥三号着陆任务中后续科学探测工作提供了高精度的数据支持。     

多级SPOT立体影像匹配

立体影像匹配是自动提取SPOT影像高程信息的关键技术。本文根据SPOT影像在几何构像关系和影像质量上的特点,提出了多级匹配的结构策略。实际像对匹配实验表明,多级匹配法具有较好的可靠性和精度水平,而且运算速度快,在快速生成DEM数据辅助遥感信息分析方面,有重要的应用价值。     

Effects of lossy compression on remote sensing image classification of forest areas

Lossy compression is being increasingly used in remote sensing; however, its effects on classification have scarcely been studied. This paper studies the implications of JPEG (JPG) and JPEG 2000 (J2K) lossy compression for image classification of forests in Mediterranean areas. Results explore the impact of the compression on the images themselves as well as on the obtained classification. The results indicate that classifications made with previously compressed radiometrically corrected images and topoclimatic variables are not negatively affected by compression, even at quite high compression ratios. Indeed, JPG compression can be applied to images at a compression ratio (CR, ratio between the size of the original file and the size of the compressed file) of 10:1 or even 20:1 (for both JPG and J2K). Nevertheless, the fragmentation of the study area must be taken into account: in less fragmented zones, high CR are possible for both JPG and J2K, but in fragmented zones, JPG is not advisable, and when J2K is used, only a medium CR is recommended (3.33:1 to 5:1). Taking into account that J2K produces fewer artefacts at higher CR, the study not only contributes with optimum CR recommendations, but also found that the J2K compression standard (ISO 15444-1) is better than the JPG (ISO 10918-1) when applied to image classification. Although J2K is computationally more expensive, this is no longer a critical issue with current computer technology.     

Image matching as a data source for forest inventory – Comparison of Semi-Global Matching and Next-Generation Automatic Terrain Extraction algorithms in a typical managed boreal forest environment

Image matching is emerging as a compelling alternative to airborne laser scanning (ALS) as a data source for forest inventory and management. There is currently an open discussion in the forest inventory community about whether, and to what extent, the new method can be applied to practical inventory campaigns. This paper aims to contribute to this discussion by comparing two different image matching algorithms (Semi-Global Matching [SGM] and Next-Generation Automatic Terrain Extraction [NGATE]) and ALS in a typical managed boreal forest environment in southern Finland. Spectral features from unrectified aerial images were included in the modeling and the potential of image matching in areas without a high resolution digital terrain model (DTM) was also explored. Plot level predictions for total volume, stem number, basal area, height of basal area median tree and diameter of basal area median tree were modeled using an area-based approach. Plot level dominant tree species were predicted using a random forest algorithm, also using an area-based approach. The statistical difference between the error rates from different datasets was evaluated using a bootstrap method.Results showed that ALS outperformed image matching with every forest attribute, even when a high resolution DTM was used for height normalization and spectral information from images was included. Dominant tree species classification with image matching achieved accuracy levels similar to ALS regardless of the resolution of the DTM when spectral metrics were used. Neither of the image matching algorithms consistently outperformed the other, but there were noticeably different error rates depending on the parameter configuration, spectral band, resolution of DTM, or response variable. This study showed that image matching provides reasonable point cloud data for forest inventory purposes, especially when a high resolution DTM is available and information from the understory is redundant.     

Cascaded image analysis for dynamic crack detection in material testing

Concrete probes in civil engineering material testing often show fissures or hairline-cracks. These cracks develop dynamically. Starting at a width of a few microns, they usually cannot be detected visually or in an image of a camera imaging the whole probe. Conventional image analysis techniques will detect fissures only if they show a width in the order of one pixel. To be able to detect and measure fissures with a width of a fraction of a pixel at an early stage of their development, a cascaded image analysis approach has been developed, implemented and tested. The basic idea of the approach is to detect discontinuities in dense surface deformation vector fields. These deformation vector fields between consecutive stereo image pairs, which are generated by cross correlation or least squares matching, show a precision in the order of 1/50 pixel. Hairline-cracks can be detected and measured by applying edge detection techniques such as a Sobel operator to the results of the image matching process. Cracks will show up as linear discontinuities in the deformation vector field and can be vectorized by edge chaining. In practical tests of the method, cracks with a width of 1/20 pixel could be detected, and their width could be determined at a precision of 1/50 pixel.     

基于分形的图像场表达与图像处理应用

分形图像处理理论是一个尚未形成而又亟待研究的图像处理新理论，本文研究此理论中的几个基本理论问题：３－Ｄ自然景物表面２－Ｄ投影图像的分形投影关系；图像的分形场表达及其适宜性评价，文中以假设检验理论定量地分析了分形场表达的适宜性，并提出以拟合度Ｘ＾２检验法作为确定图像分形场无标度区间的统计量化指标，据此讨论了分形应用于图像处理的基本技术与方法，给出了分形在图像纹理分析，特征提取，目标探测和区域分割等领     

影像导航中的数据组织与索引

分析了传统的影像管理技术在影像导航系统中使用的一些不足,提出了适合于影像导航系统的管理技术,并利用Visual Studio平台对其进行了实现。试验表明,此技术可以明显提高效率。     

影像融合效果的质量评价研究

本文对常用的影像质量评价方法进行了系统研究,在归纳常用的影像质量定量评价指标的基础上,给出了不同融合目的和融合方法下的质量评价方案。     

一种模糊聚类的遥感影像分析方法研究

针对传统模糊聚类的遥感影像分析方法的不足,重点研究基于模糊ISODATA聚类的遥感影像分析。通过Matlab软件编程实现基于迭代自组织数据分析技术、模糊C均值聚类、模糊ISODATA算法对合成图像、纹理图像及真实遥感影像的分类,并对其分类结果进行讨论。通过实验数据对比,评价FISODATA算法的优越性。实验结果表明:ISODATA算法及FISODATA算法都能够实现变类,而FCM算法只能在固定聚类数下进行分类,但是,ISODATA算法分类机制不稳定,不能每次都确定正确聚类数。在迭代过程中,将FISODATA算法引入模糊集理论,便能够快速准确的实现聚类数的确定。     

加入不变矩的高分辨率遥感图像分类

不变矩是表达图像几何形状信息的参数,具有几何变换的稳定性,在图像识别领域已经得到广泛应用。本文将3种常用的不变矩,即胡氏矩、Zern ike矩和小波矩,运用到高分辨率遥感图像分类中,并与只利用光谱信息的图像分类结果进行对比。结果表明,在高分辨率图像分类中加入不变矩图像可以显著提高分类精度,尤其是对那些具有相似光谱特征但同时具有不同形状和结构特征的地物分类更加有效。     

Geometric-constrained multi-view image matching method based on semi-global optimization

Targeting at a reliable image matching of multiple remote sensing images for the generation of digital surface models, this paper presents a geometric-constrained multi-view image matching method, based on an energy minimization framework. By employing a geometrical constraint, the cost value of the energy function was calculated from multiple images, and the cost value was aggregated in an image space using a semi-global optimization approach. A homography transform parameter calculation method is proposed for fast calculation of projection pixel on each image when calculating cost values. It is based on the known interior orientation parameters, exterior orientation parameters, and a given elevation value. For an efficient and reliable processing of multiple remote sensing images, the proposed matching method was performed via a coarse-to-fine strategy through image pyramid. Three sets of airborne remote sensing images were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Results reveal that the multi-view image matching can improve matching reliability. Moreover, the experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than traditional methods.