THE FORMATION OF VISCOUS DAMPING MATRICES FOR THE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF MDOF SYSTEMS

The paper deals with the representation of dissipative effects by means of equivalent viscous forces. A brief review of the classical analytical treatment of the subject is first presented devoting particular attention to the topics of hysteretic and modal damping. The problem of forming viscous matrices in the case of systems which are non-homogeneous from the point of view of dissipation is then addressed; soil–structure systems are first considered and some accepted techniques for forming the structure contribution to the viscous matrix are reviewed. A different technique is then proposed which avoids some of the drawbacks of the previously quoted methods. In the final section of the paper it is shown how this technique is easily applicable also in the case of systems having internal concentrated dampers of viscous type, this being a situation which is difficult to tackle with usual criteria.     

MODAL ANALYSIS OF SOFT-SOIL SITES INCLUDING RADIATION DAMPING

For the one-dimensional analysis of soft-soil layers on an elastic half-space, a general form of analytical solution is developed for converting radiation damping due to energy leaking back to the half-space into equivalent modal damping, allowing the modal analysis technique to be extended to a site where radiation damping has to be accounted for. Closed-form solutions for equivalent modal damping ratios and effective modal participation factors are developed for a single layer with a shear wave velocity distribution varying from constant to linearly increasing with depth. Compact and recursive forms of solutions for equivalent modal damping ratios are developed for a system with an arbitrary number of homogeneous layers on an elastic half-space. Comparisons with numerical solutions show that the modal solutions are accurate. The nominal frequency of a site, i.e. the inverse of four times the total shear wave travel time through the layers, is an important parameter for estimating the high mode frequencies. A parameter study shows that for the same impedance ratio of the bottom layer to the elastic half-space, a system of soil layers with an increasing soil rigidity with depth has, in general, larger peak modal amplifications at the ground surface than does a single homogeneous layer on an elastic half-space, while a system with a decreasing soil rigidity with depth has smaller modal peak amplifications. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同阻尼体系地震能量输入及阻尼能量耗散计算分析

本文给出了复阻尼体系地震能量输入及阻尼能量耗散计算公式。利用天津、E1Centro、迁安记录及Mexico地震Cale记录计算了复阻尼及粘性阻尼体系的地震能量输入及阻尼能量耗散,并绘制了相应的时程曲线。计算所用阻尼比取0．1及0．05,周期分别取0．3s,0．5s,1s,1．5s及5s。通过计算我们观察到,除迁安记录外,在其它几个地震作用下,对固有周期小于1s的短周期结构,复阻尼体系能量输入及阻尼能量耗散时程曲线值高于相应的粘性阻尼体系(对迁安记录固有周期需小于0．5s)。对中周期结构,两组曲线相近,对于长周期结构,复阻尼体系的能量时程曲线值低于相应的粘性阻尼体系值。对于每个地震记录,有一个临界值,体系的固有周期小于此值时,不同阻尼模型的能量输入、阻尼能量耗散时程曲线值无大差异,当周期大于此值时,不同阻尼模型的能量输入及阻尼能量耗散时程曲线差异较大。复阻尼体系对周期的敏感程度远大于粘性阻尼体系。当周期不变,阻尼比增大时,在峰值点之后,复阻尼体系能量时程曲线基本无大的变化,粘性阻尼体系能量时程曲线有抬高趋势。     

在非比例阻尼情况下结构动力响应的摄动分析方法

本文将摄动方法应用于非比例阻尼系统，将一个非比例阻尼问题转化为一系列比例阻尼问题叠加的形式，从数学上对结构运动方程进行了较严格的求解，给出了在简谐荷载情况下的响应计算公式，并对所给方法的收敛性进行了研究，给出了相应的收敛条件。文中通过算例证明了本文方法的正确性与有效性。     

SEISMIC TESTING OF A BUILDING STRUCTURE WITH A SEMI-ACTIVE FLUID DAMPER CONTROL SYSTEM

This paper describes shaking table tests of a multi-storey scale-model building structure subjected to seismic excitation and controlled by a semi-active fluid damper control system. The semi-active dampers were installed in the lateral bracing of the structure and the mechanical properties of the dampers were modified according to control algorithms which utilized the measured response of the structure. A simplified time-delay compensation method was developed to account for delays within the control system. The results of the shaking table tests are presented and interpreted and analytical predictions are shown to compare reasonably well with the experimental results. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小波变换与信号瞬时特征分析

基于经典Hilbert变换计算信号瞬时参数（如瞬时频率等）,当信号中噪声较强时计算结果不能很好地刻划有效信号特征．本文提出了用小波变换求能量有限实信号对应的解析信号的一个定理,在此基础上给出了用小波变换计算信号瞬时参数的算法．理论分析及模型算例结果表明,本文提出的方法计算精度高且有较强的抗噪声能力．对地震记录的褶积模型,深入地分析了不同尺度下地震记录小波变换结果及其对应的瞬时参数含义,这对实际应用有重要意义．     

小波变换与信号瞬时特征分析

基于经典Hilbert变换计算信号瞬时参数（如瞬时频率等），当信号中噪声较强时计算结果不能很好地刻划有效信号特征．本文提出了用小波变换求能量有限实信号对应的解析信号的一个定理，在此基础上给出了用小波变换计算信号瞬时参数的算法．理论分析及模型算例结果表明，本文提出的方法计算精度高且有较强的抗噪声能力．对地震记录的褶积模型，深入地分析了不同尺度下地震记录小波变换结果及其对应的瞬时参数含义，这对实际应用有重要意义．     

瞬变电磁场的直接时域数值分析

为了深入了解瞬变电磁场的勘探原理,直接在时间域对负阶跃脉冲激发的二维瞬态场进行了数值分析.采用的方法是从反映电磁场基本规律的麦克斯韦方程组出发,导出时域电场的齐次扩散方程,对所研究的空间区域作差分离散,源作为初始条件加入,利用准静态近似处理空中边界,然后进行时间的逐步递推,由此展现瞬变电磁场在地下扩散随时间发展的全过程.通过模拟计算不同时刻瞬态电场在地下的分布形态及地面上感生电动势相应的变化,揭示了低阻异常体对感应涡流的聚集作用,低阻覆盖层对瞬变场扩散的减速作用,及瞬变场的延时效应.因此,瞬变电磁法对低阻体是敏感的,有上覆低阻层时探测同样的深度需要较长的时间,而延时效应瞬变场的晚期时段可反映埋藏较浅的异常体.     

瞬变电磁场的直接时域数值分析

为了深入了解瞬变电磁场的勘探原理,直接在时间域对负阶跃脉冲激发的二维瞬态场进行了数值分析.采用的方法是从反映电磁场基本规律的麦克斯韦方程组出发,导出时域电场的齐次扩散方程,对所研究的空间区域作差分离散,源作为初始条件加入,利用准静态近似处理空中边界,然后进行时间的逐步递推,由此展现瞬变电磁场在地下扩散随时间发展的全过程.通过模拟计算不同时刻瞬态电场在地下的分布形态及地面上感生电动势相应的变化,揭示了低阻异常体对感应涡流的聚集作用,低阻覆盖层对瞬变场扩散的减速作用,及瞬变场的延时效应.因此,瞬变电磁法对低阻体是敏感的,有上覆低阻层时探测同样的深度需要较长的时间,而延时效应瞬变场的晚期时段可反映埋藏较浅的异常体.     

阻尼耗能在结构弹塑性地震反应中的作用

本文用计算分析的方法研究了结构在弹塑悸地震反应过程中的阻尼耗能与塑性耗能的数量关系问题。     

时程信号的Hilbert-Huang变换与小波分析/

在简要介绍时程信号的小波分析和Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)理论的基础上,通过地震波和其它时程信号实例,对比分析了小波变换和HHT变换结果. 比较显示：HHT变换和小波变换均能用于对非平稳的信号进行分析,并能捕捉到信号变化的主要特征;与受所选母波影响较大的小波分析不同,HHT变换得到的固有模态函数是直接从原始时程数据中分离出来的,它更能反映原始数据的固有特性;小波分析得到的谱的能量在频率范围内分布较广,而HHT变换的Hilbert谱的大部分能量都集中在一定的时间和频率范围内,能清晰地刻画信号能量随时间、频率的分布. 因此,Hilbert-Huang变换不仅是对非平稳信号进行分析的有效方法,而且也是检测时程信号局部特征的有用工具.     

波浪和海底底床的相互作用(1)-不同模型下的波浪衰减分析

分析了造成波浪衰减几种力学机制，并针对不同模型海底底床下的波浪衰减，以及有限深底床和无限深底床的波浪衰减进行了计算比较，认为造成波浪衰减的力学机制直接和底床砂质的性质相关。     

ENERGY INPUT AND DISSIPATION BEHAVIOUR OF STRUCTURES WITH HYSTERETIC DAMPERS

This paper presents qualitative investigations on the energy behaviour of structures into which hysteretic dampers are incorporated. Emphasis was given to the ratio of the structural stiffness after the yielding of hysteretic dampers to the initial elastic stiffness, with a premise that this ratio, termed α in this study, tends to be large for structures with hysteretic dampers. Structures concerned were represented by discrete spring–mass systems having bilinear restoring force behaviour, in which the second stiffness relative to the initial stiffness is α. It was found that with the increase of α the total input energy tends to increase, but the increase is confined to a narrow range of natural periods. Both the total input energy and hysteretic energy were found to become less sensitive to the yield strength with the increase of α. A simple formula was also proposed to estimate the maximum deformation given the knowledge of the hysteretic energy. Analysis of MDOF systems revealed that, even when α is large, the total input energy and hysteretic energy for MDOF systems are approximately the same as those of the equivalent SDOF system, and the hysteretic energy can be distributed uniformly over the stories if α is large.     

线性土-结构动力相互作用时域-频域联合解法

提出一种线性土-结构动力相互作用时域-频域联合解法．首先,用近场波动数值模拟解耦技术求得在短时脉冲作用下采用Rayleigh阻尼系统的时域解;再对时域解进行富立叶变换得到相应频域解;然后根据阻尼与系统动力反应结果的关系,利用泰勒级数展开技术得到具有复阻尼系统的频域解．这一方法充分利用了时域解耦显式算法的优点,提高了线性土 结构动力相互作用分析的计算效率．     

Transform methods for frequency‐dependent complex stiffness to time domain using real or imaginary data only

The author has studied the transform method of complex stiffness, which is strongly dependent on frequency, to the time domain. In this paper, new transform methods that use only the real part or the imaginary part data are proposed. By applying them to example problems, it is confirmed that the accuracy of the proposed methods is almost high in both causal and noncausal cases. These methods can also be thought as a standby for the Hilbert transform, because the undefined part is easily calculated by the recovering complex function from the obtained impulse response. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

扇形铅粘弹性阻尼器性能的有限元分析研究

设计了18组不同构造和参数的扇形铅粘弹性阻尼器（SLVD）,采用ABAQUS软件对其进行有限元数值模拟分析,研究了铅芯个数、铅芯直径、铅芯布置形式、橡胶剪切模量、薄钢板与橡胶层厚度比及加载应变幅值对其耗能性能和阻尼特性的影响。分析结果表明：SLVD的耗能系数和等效阻尼比随着铅芯个数的增多、直径的增大而增大,随着橡胶剪切模量、应变幅值的增大而减小;铅芯布置形式应以双铅芯形式为宜,薄钢板和橡胶层的厚度之比应控制在0.4~0.5。     

关于动力Alfven波的色散与朗道阻尼

根据完全动力论理论,证明了可由简化漂移动力论方程求得动力Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波色散方程,即横向用磁流体力学方程,纵向用Ｖｌａｓｏｖ方程,在初级近似下由此推导出适合于日冕和太阳风的色散关系和Ｌａｎｄａｕ阻尼,得到在性质上与ＭＨＤ　Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波完全不同的动力Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波,太阳风中Ａｌｆｖｅｎ湍流很容易由动力Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波演化而来。提出由动力Ａｌｆｒｅｎ波构筑太阳风高速流模型将更符合观测结果。     

两种弧形钢阻尼器设计与性能研究

本文利用钢塑性滞回变形耗能的特性,提出了两种弧形钢耗能阻尼器,通过分析得出该阻尼器的设计公式,并建立了相应的力学模型.为验证两种弧形钢阻尼器的力学特性,进行了数值仿真和试验测试,并对比分析两种方法得到的结果.结果表明:弧形钢阻尼器具有较高的阻尼比和稳定的滞回特性,可以作为减震结构在桥梁、建筑领域推广应用.     

液压阻尼控制系统（HDS）用于底层柔性结构减震的试验研究

本文对文献（１￣５）提出的液压质量控制系统改进了改进，提出了液压阻尼系统，通过振动台试验研究了其为底层柔性结构的减震控制，揭示了该控制系统的减振机理及其规律。