Analysis of fully coupled thermomechanical behaviour around a rigid cylindrical heat source buried in clay

The problem of fully coupled consolidation and heat flow around a rigid cylindrical heat source buried in clay has been studied. The governing equations of the problem are summarized in the paper and a finite element time-marching scheme to obtain an approximate solution to the governing equations is described. The stress–strain behaviour of the skeleton of the saturated soil has been represented by both a linear elastic model and the modified Cam clay soil model. The results of a limited parametric study are presented with the aim of understanding the major mechanisms of soil behaviour close to buried canisters of hot radioactive waste. A range of soil properties has been included in the study, and the effects of soil disturbance during canister emplacement have also been considered.     

Green's functions for a fully coupled thermoporoelastic material

The Green's functions for a set of fully coupled linear equations governing thermal consolidation of a homogeneous isotropic material are presented. The Green's functions are evaluated for one, two and three spatial dimensions, and in the Laplace and real-time domains. The Green's functions are employed in a boundary integral analysis of a simple problem to demonstrate the influence of full coupling on the field quantities.     

Boundary integral analysis of transient thermoelasticity

A simple and efficient method for the solution of uncoupled transient thermoelastic problems using boundary integral techniques is presented. The method employs a Laplace transformation to remove temporarily the time dependence of the governing equations. Numerical analysis is then carried out in the transform space, and results in the time-position space are found by numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. The method has the advantage that it avoids time-stepping and the costly evaluation of domain integrals. Boundary element and analytic solutions are compared, and the effect of cooling on the stresses around a deep underground opening is examined.     

Modeling the 3D Terrain Effect on MT by the Boundary Element Method

By using the numerical method to model the ter-rain effect on the magnetotelluric field,few resultshave been obtained. The finite element method(FEM) was used by Chouteau and Bouchard (1988)and Wannamaker et al .(1986) ,andthe boundary el-ement method (BEM) was used by Xu and Zhou(1997) and Xu (1995) to model 2Dtopographyinflu-ences on magnetotelluric surveys . The BEM methodwas also used to model the 3Dtopographic effect onmagnetotelluric deep sounding (Xu et al .,1997 ;Xu,1995) .In t…     

三维地形大地电磁场的边界元模拟方法

提出了一种用边界元法计算大地电磁场三维地形影响的数值模拟方法.首先用矢量积分理论和电磁场边界条件, 将上半空间(空气)和下半空间(地下介质)两个区域电磁场边值问题变为仅对地形界面的两个矢量面积分方程, 其中一个计算磁场, 称磁场方程; 另一个计算电场, 称电场方程.然后将对地形界面的积分剖分为一系列的三角单元积分.在三角单元积分中, 假设单元中电磁场为水平均匀大地空间电磁场与地形影响的迭加, 并假设地形影响为常项, 这样既保证了计算精度又使得计算方法简便.通过分解和计算, 每一个矢量面积分方程分解为对应3个坐标方向的3个常量线性方程, 这些线性方程组成了对角占优的线性方程组, 可用SSOR方法求解.文中给出了2个三维地形上大地电磁视电阻率曲线的计算结果.      

Displacement ring load Green's functions for saturated porous transversely isotropic tri‐material full‐space

Based on the Biot's poroelastic theory and using scalar potential functions both the ring load and point load displacement Green's functions for a transversely isotropic saturated porous full‐space composed of an upper half‐space, a finite thickness middle layer and a lower half‐space is analytically presented for the first time. It is assumed that each region consists of a different transversely isotropic material. The equations of poroelastodymanics in terms of the solid displacements and the pore fluid pressure are uncoupled with the help of two scalar potential functions, so that the governing equations for the potential functions are either a second order wave equation or a repeated wave‐heat transfer equation of sixth order. With the aid of Fourier expansion with respect to circumferential direction and Hankel integral transforms with respect to the radial direction in cylindrical coordinate system, the response is determined in the form of line integrals in the real space, followed by theorem of inverse Hankel integral transforms. The solutions degenerate to a single phase elastic material, and the results are compared with previous studies, where an excellent agreement may be observed with the results provided in the literature. Some examples of displacement Green's functions are finally given to illustrate the solution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于紧支径向基函数的点插值无网格方法

紧支径向基函数能使支配方程中的刚度矩阵具有稀疏性,很适合应用于无网格方法中,其缺点是在插值计算时精度不高.点插值方法的插值函数具有Delta函数性质,可以很方便的施加本质边界条件,但在计算插值函数时矩阵易出现奇异.为了提高计算精度并避免点插值法的局限性,首先对紧支径向基函数进行完备性修正,然后用完备性修正的紧支径向基函数代替多项式来形成插值函数,建立了紧支径向基函数点插值方法.由于该方法中的形函数满足Delta函数性质,因此本质边界条件可以像传统的有限元方法一样很容易施加.然后将该方法用于二维弹性静力问题的求解,导出了其相应的离散方程.最后将该方法应用于一个悬臂梁的分析中,初步验证了该方法的有效性与合理性.     

A quadratic variation indirect boundary element method for traction boundary-value problems of two-dimensional elastostatics

Boundary integral equations for traction boundary-value problems of two-dimensional elastostatics are derived by the indirect boundary element method. Quadratic variation functions for the representation of geometry, fictitious forces and displacements over each boundary element are described. A system of equations approximating to the boundary integral equations is obtained by a Galerkin formulation in which the integral equation is written at Gauss integration points of elements. The method of computation of the Cauchy principal value is described. Examples of application to the analysis of stress and displacement around underground excavations demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the formulation.     

Elastic lateral dynamic impedance functions for a rigid cylindrical shell type foundation

Elastic lateral dynamic impedance functions are defined as the ratio of the lateral dynamic force/moment to the corresponding lateral displacement/rotation at the top ending of a foundation at very small strains. Elastic lateral dynamic impedance functions have a defining influence on the natural frequencies of offshore wind turbines supported on cylindrical shell type foundations, such as suction caissons, bucket foundations, and monopiles. This paper considers the coupled horizontal and rocking vibration of a cylindrical shell type foundation embedded in a fully saturated poroelastic seabed in contact with a seawater half‐space. The formulation of the coupled seawater–shell–seabed vibration problem is simplified by treating the shell as a rigid one. The rigid shell vibration problem is approached by the integral equation method using ring‐load Green's functions for a layered seawater‐seabed half‐space. By considering the boundary conditions at the shell–soil interface, the shell vibration problem is reduced to Fredholm integral equations. Through an analysis of the corresponding Cauchy singular equations, the intrinsic singular characteristics of the problem are rendered explicit. With the singularities incorporated into the solution representation, an effective numerical method involving Gauss–Chebyshev method is developed for the governing Fredholm equations. Selected numerical results for the dynamic contact load distributions, displacements of the shell, and lateral dynamic impedance functions are examined for different shell length–radius ratio, poroelastic materials, and frequencies of excitation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

有自由面渗流分析的三维数值流形方法

提出了求解有自由面渗流问题的三维数值流形方法,通过构造任意形状流形单元的水头函数,推导了流形单元的渗透矩阵和无压渗流分析的总体控制方程,并给出了自由面的迭代求解策略和渗透体积力的计算方法。典型算例的数值分析表明,该方法采用数学网格覆盖整个材料区域,在自由面的迭代求解过程中数学网格保持不变,只考虑自由面以下渗流区的介质,只对自由面以下的流形单元形成总体渗透矩阵,具有精度高、收敛速度快、编程简单等优点,而且能够通过单纯形积分精确计算被自由面穿越单元的渗透作用力,因此,特别适用于有自由面渗流问题的模拟。     

多孔介质中含均相/非均相反应传质过程数值模拟

结合化学反应方程式,并应用多孔多相介质溶混污染物输运过程的数值模型,对多孔多相介质中含均相/非均相化学反应传质过程进行了数值模拟。化学反应主要包含均相快速/慢速和非均相快速/慢速等5种化学反应过程,溶质输运行为的控制机制主要考虑对流、扩散及降解、吸附等。基于原有的隐式特征线Galerkin离散化的有限元方法,求解模型控制方程的边值初值问题,求解过程中把均相化学反应物质中按照反应物和生成物分开,非均相反应物质按照固相和液相分开,对均相反应物及非均相液相物质浓度耦合求解,而均相生成物和非均相固相物质独立求解。使方程组按照其不同类型进行分类,同时可减少未知数的个数。对于含有非线性内状态变量的右端项进行迭代求解。数值例题结果验证了所提出的数值方法的有效性、计算精度和稳定性。     

Boundary element analysis of contaminant transport in fractured porous media

A two-dimensional boundary integral method to analyse the flow of contaminant in fractured media having a two- or three-dimensional orthogonal fracture network is presented. The method assumes that the fractures provide the paths of least resistance for transport of contaminants while the matrix, because of its low permeability, acts as ‘storage blocks’ into which the contaminant diffuses. Laplace transform is used to eliminate the time variable in the governing equation in order to facilitate the formulation of a boundary integral equation in the Laplace transform space. Conventional boundary element techniques are applied to solve for the contaminant concentrations at specified locations in the spatial domain. The concentration in the time domain is then obtained by using an efficient inversion technique developed by Talbot. The method is able to analyse the behaviour of waste repositories which have diminishing concentration due to the mass transport of the contaminant into the surrounding fractured media.     

Forward Calculation of 2-D and 3-D Structures with a Cover by the Boundary Element Method while Using Electrical Methods

This paper develops the boundary element method,the authors employtwo-layered earth Green’s functions as the weighting functions of residual andderive boundary integral equations.The forward problems of point sources on2-D and 3-D structures with an influencing cover are solved by this method.The results show that this method markedly improves the original boundaryelement method.The features of the improved method are greater numericalaccuracy and much smaller systems of equations and thus considerable savingsfor the storage capacity of computers,allowing us to solve the above problemswith only ordinary microcomputers.The results in this paper extend the scopeof applying the boundary element method while using electrical methods forgeophysical prospecting.     

基于单位分解的扩展径向点插值无网格法

针对线弹性断裂力学问题,提出扩展径向点插值无网格法（X-RPIM）。该方法基于单位分解思想,在传统径向点插值无网格法的位移模式中加入扩展项来描述裂纹两侧的不连续位移场和裂尖奇异场。由于其形函数具有Kronecker ? 函数性质,易于施加本质边界条件。详细描述了X-RPIM不连续位移模式的建立,支配方程的离散形式以及J积分计算混合模式裂纹的应力强度因子的实现过程,讨论了不同积分区域对应力强度因子的影响。数值算例分析证明了该方法在求解断裂问题时的可行性和有效性,同时说明扩展径向点插值无网格法在模拟裂纹扩展问题时具有良好的前景。     

越流含水层井群系统地下水流的边界元数值模拟

本文提出一种求解越流含水层井群系统的边界元方法。该法把抽水井井壁作为内边界,通过积分处理,不需要对井壁内边界进行剖分,通过推导求得水头H及其法向导数的边界积分方程,离散化后得到求解该积分方程的一组线性代数方程组、该法用于实例计算表明,计算精度较高。     

三维非恒定渗流自由面边界积分项的高精度数值积分

在三维非恒定渗流有限元计算中,不可避免地需计算自由面上的边界积分项。建议一种高精度数值积分的方法求取自由面边界积分项。其基本思路是,基于8节点空间等参单元,根据压力为零的边界条件确定自由面满足的曲面方程,将自由面边界积分转化为ξη平面上的二重积分;然后再计算自由面与三维等参单元的交点,将交点投影到局部坐标平面ξη上,并根据点与线的相对关系,确定投影点所围成的局部坐标积分区域;再将总积分区域划分成若干个三角形子区域,并利用变步长Simpson方法计算各三角形子区域上的二重积分,从而实现了高精度的自由面边界积分。该方法避免了单元中自由面为平面的假设,可提高计算精度,特别对于单元内自由面变化剧烈情况,更为显著。将该方法应用于砂槽模型和土坝的渗流分析中,计算结果与实际情况较为接近。     

Axisymmetric interaction of a rigid disc with a transversely isotropic half‐space

A theoretical formulation is presented for the determination of the interaction of a vertically loaded disc embedded in a transversely isotropic half‐space. By means of a complete representation using a displacement potential, it is shown that the governing equations of motion for this class of problems can be uncoupled into a fourth‐order partial differential equation. With the aid of Hankel transforms, a relaxed treatment of the mixed‐boundary value problem is formulated as dual integral equations, which, in turn, are reduced to a Fredholm equation of the second kind. In addition to furnishing a unified view of existing solutions for zero and infinite embedments, the present treatment reveals a severe boundary‐layer phenomenon, which is apt to be of interest to this class of problems in general. The present solutions are analytically in exact agreement with the existing solutions for a half‐space with isotropic material properties. To confirm the accuracy of the numerical evaluation of the integrals involved, numerical results are included for cases of different degrees of the material anisotropy and compared with existing solutions. Further numerical examples are also presented to elucidate the influence of the degree of the material anisotropy on the response. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三维层状饱和地基动力Green函数的薄层法求解

建立了三维层状饱和地基模型并在模型底部施加无反射边界条件,引入Fourier变换和正交变换将饱和地基Biot动力方程化为Love和Rayleigh模态方程,将地基沿深度方向划分为数个薄层单元并对单元位移场引入线性插值函数,从而将模态方程离散化,通过求解本征值问题最终给出了三维层状饱和地基的频域动力Green函数。分析了均质饱和地基的Love和Rayleigh模态的弥散特性,求解了均质和成层饱和半空间的Lamb问题,并与Philippacopoulos的数值积分解对比,说明了所求Green函数的正确性。所得Green函数无需关于Hankel函数进行数值逆变换且能直接考虑地基的成层性,提高了计算效率。     

电法勘探中有覆盖层的点源二维、点源三维边界元法正演

本文提出用二层介质格林函数作为余量加权函数,归化边界积分方程的边界单元法。通过对有水平覆盖层的点源二维、点源三维正演计算表明,本算法明显地优化了以往的边界元法,计算精度高,方程组规模小,节省内存空间,仅在一般微机上即可实现,扩大了边界单元法在电法勘探中的应用范围。     

墙下条形基础与层状横观各向同性地基共同作用

运用对偶积分方程来求解层状横观各向同性地基与墙下条形基础的共同作用问题。从直角坐标平面应变问题控制方程出发,通过傅里叶（Fourier）变换和层间连续性条件,可以得到层状横观各向同性地基的传递矩阵解。基于该传递矩阵解,并利用条形基础与地基接触的混合边值条件,推导出一组关于基础挠度和地基反力的对偶积分方程。考虑墙下条形基础受到竖向集中荷载的情况,利用弹性薄板理论先求解出条形基础挠度;随后应用雅可比（Jacobi）正交多项式和级数展开的方法,将对偶积分方程转化为线性代数方程组进行求解。编制了相应的计算程序,其计算结果与有限元软件ABAQUS的结果基本吻合,从而验证了所提理论的正确性。算例分析表明,板土相对刚度与地基成层性对地基反力、地表沉降和沿z轴竖向正应力有很大的影响。