苏州市演艺中心二期基坑支护设计与实测研究

在深基坑开挖施工中,钻孔灌注桩加混凝土内支撑具有挡土作用,而水泥土搅拌桩和压密注浆形成的双层止水帷幕则具有止水作用.以苏州市演艺中心二期基坑工程为实例,根据基坑开挖施工过程中的实测数据,分析和研究了支护结构的变形、地下水位以及周边建筑物沉降的变化,对此基坑工程支护结构以及止水帷幕的设计施工方案进行验证.结果表明：利用上述技术措施效果良好,对苏州地区类似基坑围护设计和施工具有一定的借鉴意义.     

Network configurations and R&D activities of the ICT industry in Suzhou municipality, China

This paper analyzes the network structure and R&D activities of the information and communication technology (ICT) industry in Suzhou municipality, known previously for its local state-directed Sunan model of development. Suzhou, however, has been undergoing dramatic restructuring to remake itself into a globalizing production center. We highlight the significance of the Chinese state and local/regional assets in shaping the trajectories of globalization and regional development, and the increasing importance of domestic markets and regional clusters/agglomeration for foreign ventures. We have found that Suzhou’s development path, heavily dependent on external forces, has made Suzhou a TNC (transnational corporation) satellite district. We also find that the ICT industry in Suzhou has a dual-structure, segmented between foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) and domestic firms. TNCs tend to network among themselves and their interfirm networks are increasingly domestic and regionally embedded in the Yangtze River Delta, while the linkages between TNCs and local firms are weak. We argue that there is a series of technological, structural, spatial, and institutional “mismatches” that limits the establishment of “global pipelines” of knowledge exchange. We hold that the nature of global-local networks is contingent upon regional endogenous capacities and the specific ways in which global capital interacts with local institutions. Therefore, perspectives on TNCs’ local embeddedness must be positioned in their regional/external networks. We also analyze the constraints placed on Suzhou’s development into an innovative city and promote the integration of global and local/regional assets through development of indigenous capacities.     

Prosperity and the New Economy in Canada’s major city regions

Canada’s three large city regions—Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver—have been relatively successful in retaining their Manufacturing bases, while at the same time adding substantial numbers of New Economy job opportunities. Deindustrialization appears to have occurred primarily in the Montréal CMA (Census Metropolitan Area) and in some smaller communities where motor vehicle manufacturing was significant. Growth in New Economy jobs has occurred in the larger CMAs; the smaller urban areas have had little success in attracting these jobs. For the most part, these trends appear to be path dependent: prosperous communities with substantial proportions of New Economy jobs are likely to remain prosperous and to attract more such jobs. The lack of significant correlation between Economic Health and the presence of immigrants, same sex couples, performing and visual artists suggests that local economic development strategies based on these factors may have limited success.     

某超高层建筑围护桩优化设计

结合苏州某超高层建筑围护结构设计的工程实例,对围护桩配筋进行优化,并对沿周边非均匀配筋和均匀配筋进行强度、刚度和经济比较,同时对围护桩不同长度下基坑受力变形特征进行了研究。结果表明：围护桩采用不均匀配筋及长短交错布置,在受力性能上变化不大,但是能够降低工程造价,缩短工期,获得最佳的经济效益和社会效益。     

Industry-academe linkages in the Philippines: Embedding foreign investors,capturing institutions?

The global sourcing of services from developing countries has made human capital a key local asset for attracting foreign direct investment. This paper analyses to what extent individual companies engage in linkages and collaborations with universities and how the education sector responds to the new demands of the knowledge economy. Offshore services are generally recognised as ‘footloose’ investments with limited local linkages. A case study of industry-academe linkages in the growing business process outsourcing sector in the Philippines finds that foreign investors engage in active embedding and develop linkages with human resource providers, leading to increased territorial embeddedness. This paper investigates the kind of linkages created, which actors engage in them and their motivations, to understand the resulting implications for local economic development. Interviews with foreign investors and higher education institutions reveal that most collaboration is initiated by large call centre companies and focuses on entry-level skills development for their operations. I argue that multinational corporations have been able to capture local institutions and introduce changes in the education system to supply mainly lower-end skills. While increasing the available talent pool and raising the competitiveness for further investments, this presents challenges for upgrading into higher value-added services and potentially transforms the country into a dependent market economy.     

天津地区地铁深基坑施工安全控制标准研究

软土地区的深基坑施工中,确定合理的基坑安全的控制标准至关重要。由于不可能通过现场的全比尺试验确定这一控制标准,为此以大量的工程实测数据为基础,准确确定模拟基坑施工过程的有限元分析模型和计算参数。通过数值模拟方法,实现对基坑破坏过程的研究。分别计算当基坑即将发生整体稳定破坏时,支护结构变形量与地表最大沉降量和坑深的比值,确定适合于天津地区地铁深基坑施工安全的控制标准。     

沿空留巷综合支护技术研究

用沿空留巷技术保留的巷道要经历掘进和两次强烈的采动影响,对所需留巷的巷道,应该从掘进期间的支护设计与施工到留巷期间的巷旁支护方式选择,及下个工作面回采期间的加强支护均应统筹考虑,这样才能保证沿空留巷技术的成功实施,故沿空留巷技术是一项系统工程。据此,在淮北岱河矿Ⅲ3215工作面机巷进行了沿空留巷实践,巷内采用了锚网索支护,巷旁采用了工字钢密集支柱及矸石（碎煤）带联合支护,并在矿压观测的基础上,得出了所留巷道矿压显现规律,工业试验和应用实践表明,取得了良好的技术、经济效果。     

Health and safety in garment workers’ lives: Setting a new research agenda

Amidst new global initiatives to promote garment workers’ health and safety following a spate of deadly factory disasters across the Global South, this critical review calls for an expanded research agenda that looks beyond the workplace to examine the complex politics, spatialities, and temporalities of garment workers’ health and wellbeing. Drawing on ethnographic research on garment workers across South Asia, we argue against a narrow, technocratic, and depoliticised emphasis on physical infrastructures and building safety, and advocate instead a more holistic and politically-engaged research approach to the everyday health and wellbeing of workers. A conceptual focus on health and wellbeing offers a window onto workers’ employment experiences and reveals how routine work pressures, exhaustion and ill health are shaped by the dynamics of global supply chains, even well after workers have disengaged from these global circuits. Understanding how garment work affects workers’ wellbeing and their prospects for a fulfilling life requires research that moves beyond the workplace and covers the entire life course.     

双排桩支护结构的计算方法研究及工程应用

总结了目前基于弹性土抗力法的双排桩支护结构常用计算模型,分别编制了平面杆系有限差分法计算程序,介绍了双排桩支护结构在某实际工程中的应用,比较了这些模型之间计算结果的差异。通过与实测数据的对比,提出了较为合理的模型,并对双排桩支护结构的诸多影响因素进行了计算分析,所得结论对双排桩支护结构的优化设计具有参考价值。     

多级支护边坡屈服加速度及因素敏感性分析

基于拟静力法,结合塑性极限分析上限定理和强度折减技术,推导了桩板式挡墙与二级锚杆挡墙支护高边坡地震作用下的水平屈服加速度系数的上限解,分别计算了多级支护结构总高度、边坡平台宽度、土的抗剪强度折减系数、桩板墙桩侧土压力分布经验系数、锚杆挡墙倾角、锚杆轴力及倾角等因素下,多级支护边坡的水平屈服加速度系数的临界极限值。根据正交分析法,给出了地震条件下基覆边坡水平屈服加速度系数影响因素的敏感性顺序。研究表明,多级支挡结构高度和锚杆轴力敏感性较大,而锚杆倾角、桩侧土压力分布经验系数和边坡平台宽度的敏感性较小。锚杆倾角、锚杆挡墙倾角、边坡平台宽度、桩板墙抗力及桩侧土压力分布形式的选择等,对水平屈服加速度系数的影响较小。土的抗剪强度参数中,黏聚力对水平屈服加速度系数的影响较小,而内摩擦角的影响较大。     

古新世—始新世界线的全球事件

深海钻探揭示的古新世－析世界线许多全球性变化引起了地质学家的普遍关注。这些变化表现在岩性，粘土矿物组合，大陆植物群，大陆哺乳动物，钙质超微化石，底栖有孔虫，氧碳同位素，大气环流强度，海洋环流模式，海平面等方面，通过对古新世－始新世地层沉积学、古生物学、古气候学和古海洋学的研究，确认古新世－始新世地层界线是全球构造事件的结果，表现为全球板块边界重组，扩张中心和转换断层模式改变，海底热液活动呈一至二个     

Government policies and international migration of skilled workers in Sub-Saharan Africa

Since a central concern of the geography of international migration is to consider how and why stocks and flows of migrants are variable from country to country, the study of skilled international migration must address policies of individual governments towards local and foreign skilled workers. These policies are most evident in immigration and emigration legislation, regulations and practice, but also, less directly but often of more fundamental significance, in policies in education, manpower planning and towards wages and salaries. In Sub-Saharan Africa there is a wide range of experience of recent skilled international migration, driven by direct and indirect policies pursued by individual governments since independence. At an intercontinental scale the deleterious effects of the global division of labour have not merely been passively accepted; within the continent new patterns of skilled-labour migration have been created by increasingly differentiated economic performance and political relationships. A case study of Kenya, a country of small current net immigration of skilled workers, is used to specify some of the processes that establish the relationships between immigration and emigration policies, and how these have been mediated by conditions for skilled workers. The concluding section of this paper sets the general experience and that of the Kenyan case study in the wider context of the role of the state as a factor in the geography of skilled international migration in the Third World.     

挡墙加固非饱和土边坡整体稳定性分析

在对挡墙加固边坡进行设计和评价时应综合考虑基质吸力和挡墙对边坡整体稳定性的影响。应用可以考虑基质吸力的弹塑性强度折减有限元程序,分析了挡墙加固非饱和土边坡的整体稳定性,揭示了基质吸力对加固边坡整体稳定性的影响程度,同时亦分析了整体潜在滑动面位置的变化情况,并进行了关于吸力摩擦角的敏感性分析。     

孔压静力触探(CPTU)测试成果影响因素及原始数据修正方法探讨

孔压静力触探(CPTU)是20世纪80年代在国际上兴起的新型原位测试技术,因其诸多优点,目前在欧美诸国已得到广泛应用。由于探头规格、技术标准和操作程序的差异,影响CPTU测试成果的因素很多,而且其影响程度也各不相同。根据前人的研究成果,对CPTU测试成果的影响因素进行了分析总结,以期在CPTU资料整理和应用中引起重视。最后,简要论述了考虑诸多影响因素的原始数据修正方法。     

The spatial patterns of mass strikes: A labour geography approach

Labour geography aims to explore aspects of workers’ agency that have not yet been at the centre of research, this includes: the links between working-class politics and local communities, the interdependence of global economic networks and working-class activities, and the spatial dimension of workers’ organisations. Although these aspects are relevant for the dynamics of mass strikes, an analysis of mass strikes has been largely absent from debates in labour geography. Rosa Luxemburg’s seminal analysis of strikes in Russia demonstrated the rapid spatial expansion of these movements without any central organisation. Similar phenomena have occurred in recent mass strikes in the emerging economies. This text shows how mass strikes in Brazil, India and South Africa can be investigated through a labour geography lens and calls for a renewed debate on how a ‘strike wave’ is defined or understood.     

包裹式土工格栅加筋土挡墙水平位移研究

包裹式土工格栅加筋土挡墙在工程中的设计分析仍采用基于极限平衡理论的锚固楔体法,而没有考虑在达到极限平衡之前加筋土挡墙所发生的变形发展和积累过程。加筋土挡墙面板的水平位移是墙体内外部稳定的重要体现。通过采用有限元数值方法,分析了不同工程因素对包裹式土工格栅加筋土挡墙面板处工后水平位移的影响,分析结果表明,FEM计算值和实测值接近,说明了有限元计算分析的适用性;包裹式土工格栅加筋土挡墙面板处的工后水平位移呈由下向上增大趋势;拉筋刚度、长度、竖向间距对水平位移具有明显的影响并应选择适宜数值,以实现加筋土挡墙的良好工程性能;挡墙墙顶处外荷载大小及位置对水平位移具有相应影响,位于加筋区外的外荷载对墙面水平位移影响不明显。     

软土基坑中内插H型钢重力式挡土墙支护的变形及稳定性的有限元研究

基于硬化土模型（HS模型）,利用PLAXIS有限元分析软件对上海地区某软土浅基坑中内插H型钢的重力式挡土墙支护开展有限元分析,根据数值试验结果和监测数据对基坑变形和稳定性进行研究。研究发现,（1）内插H型钢重力坝围护在浅基坑局部开挖7~8 m范围内有着较好的可行性和工程效果,在浅基坑支护中可作为重力式围护的补充手段;（2）使用PLAXIS的HS硬化土模型模拟基坑开挖具有较好的精度和与实际情况较接近的结果,HS模型的参数可以根据工程经验进行取值;（3）实际基坑监测结果表明浅基坑的局部深坑处的内插H型钢重力坝在两端重力坝的约束下其位移发展受到一定控制,可显著提高基坑的整体稳定性,且内插H型钢可以增加围护体本身的刚度,可抵抗部分土压力弯矩,一定程度上控制了围护体的位移;（4）实际工程中对内插H型钢重力坝的局部开挖深度要谨慎选择,首先在周边环境保护条件较为宽松的条件下采用,局部深坑深度建议在7~8 m之间,并且基坑整体开挖深度建议在5~6 m之间。通过对软土浅基坑中内插H型钢的重力式挡土墙支护的研究,能对相关基坑支护工程提供更可靠的技术支持。     

Seismic damage of earth structures of road engineering in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

To understand the mechanism of the earth structure damage, a wide range of investigations along roads in seismic hazard areas have been carried out after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In this paper, the results from 41 roads investigated are presented, and the 41 roads are located in 7–11 intensity zones and consist of rural/county roads, province roads and state roads in Sichuan province. According to the investigation, the types of damaged slopes and retaining walls are classified and statistical analyses are performed. In the statistical analyses, various impact factors to seismic slope and retaining wall damage were studied, such as slope inclination, height of slope and retaining wall, site conditions, and seismic intensity. In addition, some relationships were developed, including the quantity of damaged slopes with slope inclination and height, the angle between route and fault rupture directions, and site conditions. Finally, some reasonable suggestions are put forward on the designs and constructions of slopes and retaining walls when they are subject to seismic activity.     

车辆荷载下路基挡土结构失稳机理数值模拟

随着公路交通流量增加及超载车辆增多,路基挡土结构变形或失稳现象时有发生。结合山东省荷泽市人民路公铁立交桥加筋土挡土墙失稳问题,在分析车辆动载效应的基础上采用FLAC有限差分方法对车辆动荷载下路基挡土结构失稳机理和变形破坏过程进行详细分析,认为路面动载荷对墙体的作用过程与时间及空间位置有关,筋体变形叠加及破坏导致墙体失稳,挡土结构变形破坏内在机理包括墙体上部的劈裂张开和中下部的共轭剪切体水平方向挤出。同时,对不同高度挡土结构失稳形式、非对称动载荷条件下挡土结构的失稳特点进行了全面分析。基于动载荷的特点及挡土墙墙体和筋体的缺陷,认为失稳加筋土挡土墙的加固必须同时考虑控制变形破坏和增加土体强度的措施,实现内外结合、点面兼顾的综合治理。所得结论为类似失稳路基挡土结构加固方案和综合治理措施的确立奠定科学基础。     

多级支挡结构地震主动土压力的极限分析

多级组合支挡结构形式在高边坡防护工程中得到了广泛采用,但现有研究却较少涉及这种支挡结构形式的地震土压力计算问题。应用拟静力法和塑性极限分析上限定理,并且基于强度折减技术,推导了重力式挡墙与两级锚杆挡墙组合支挡结构形式的地震主动土压力及其系数的上限解。该上限解考虑了水平和竖向地震系数、墙背倾角、坡面形式及多级支护方式、土体黏聚力、土体与墙背的黏附力等诸多因素。二级锚杆挡墙实例分析表明：静力条件下主动土压力计算值与现有相关方法的计算结果一致,土的抗剪强度折减系数、上挡墙锚杆轴力等参数,对下挡墙地震主动土压力影响显著。二级组合支挡结构地震主动土压力影响参数敏感性分析表明：水平地震系数以及重力式挡墙墙高和倾角的敏感性较大,上挡墙锚杆的轴力和倾角等参数的敏感性相对较小