海底热液矿产资源综述

海底热液矿产是一种具有重要经济价值的新型海底资源,九十年代将成为世界海洋科学中人们关注的焦点.本文试图通过这种矿产资源在大洋构造格局下发生的位置,热液溢口的温度及测试,金属含量的评价和成因机制等核心问题作一综述,以期能够得到有关方面的重视.     

中国海洋卫星遥感应用进展

我国海洋遥感应用自20世纪70年代起步以来,取得了长足发展,构建了覆盖海洋水色、海洋动力和海洋监视监测的三大系列海洋卫星,并初步形成了具有优势互补的卫星海洋遥感业务化应用体系。本文回顾了我国海洋卫星遥感应用取得的重要进展,重点介绍了卫星遥感在海洋环境与资源监测、海洋灾害监测、海洋权益维护、海洋环境预报与安全保障等方面所构建的典型应用示范系统,以及开展的典型业务化监测应用。最后,文章对我国海洋卫星遥感应用下一步发展进行了展望分析。     

Integrated ocean management and the collaborative planning process: the Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management (ESSIM) Initiative

In its capacity to lead and facilitate the development and implementation of integrated management plans under the 1997 Oceans Act, Fisheries and Oceans Canada is working with a range of stakeholders through a collaborative process—the Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management (ESSIM) Initiative—to develop and implement an integrated ocean management plan for the eastern Scotian Shelf off Nova Scotia. Stakeholders include federal and provincial departments, aboriginal communities, municipal and local planning authorities, ocean industry and resource use sectors, coastal communities, environmental interest groups, and university researchers. This large ocean management area possesses important living and non-living marine resources, high biological productivity and diversity, and increasing levels of multiple use and competition for ocean space and resources. The ESSIM vision is to achieve environmental, economic, social/community, and institutional sustainability in the eastern Scotian Shelf.The ESSIM Initiative is building a collaborative planning process that involves all interested and affected parties. Ongoing information sharing and dialogue with stakeholder groups is providing capacity building and important input to current proposals for a collaborative planning structure and the ocean management plan. A joint federal-provincial working group has been established to move the Initiative forward within government and to address policy and regulatory coordination for ocean management. The future ocean management plan will include a balanced set of environmental, social, economic and institutional objectives, indicators and management strategies, as well as spatial and temporal planning approaches to address multiple ocean use.This article provides an overview of the ESSIM Initiative, including an assessment of ocean use, ecosystem understanding, and ocean management and planning requirements. The design of a collaborative management and planning structure and process will be discussed, as well as the key elements of the future integrated ocean management plan.     

“数字辐射沙脊群”资源与环境信息管理平台设计与关键技术

针对江苏中部岸外辐射沙脊群海洋资源与环境数据的综合管理和信息辅助决策需求,基于Client/Server(C/S)和Browser/Server(B/S)混合架构完成了"数字辐射沙脊群"资源与环境信息管理平台的研制。平台采用组件式模块化方法开发,实现了基本的海洋信息管理、查询、分析与共享发布功能以及面向海洋深层次应用的数据挖掘、专题图自动生成、数据产品制作、海洋二维动力场可视化及浅海三维地形可视化模拟功能,为辐射沙脊群资源的合理开发利用提供了技术支撑。论文详细介绍了平台的设计思路,并对建设过程中采用的关键技术进行了深入探讨,目的为实现我国"数字海洋"的一体化建设提供参考。     

基于陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价方法探讨

海洋、海岸带蕴含的资源丰富,与人类生存发展息息相关。近年来,随着海洋经济的迅速增长,自然岸线和滨海湿地面积减少、生物多样性降低、典型生态系统受损、近岸海域灾害频发、渔业资源减少等问题日益显现。如何从战略高度提升海洋经济,开发和保护并举,确保海岸带、海洋资源取用合理是新时代的重要课题。陆地和海洋是生态系统不可分割的组成部分,开展陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价是衡量区域经济发展与生态环境是否协调可持续发展的有效途径。文章系统地梳理了承载力概念的发展历程,对比了常用的海洋资源环境承载力评价方法,初步构建了陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价指标体系,并提出使用熵值法来确定指标权重,采用状态空间评价模型或TOPSIS模型进行承载力综合评价,可以体现陆地和海洋相互影响、相互制约的关系,并具有较强的可操作性,评价结果可以反映区域资源环境承载力的空间差异或随时间变化情况,能够为海洋和海岸带保护利用提供有效借鉴。     

论厦门海洋经济的持续发展

本文回顾了厦门海洋经济发展的历史,评述厦门海洋经济发展的现状和趋势,认为厦门已经形成了沿海城市经济、已经具有相当完备的海洋经济体系,但传统产业依然占据较大的比重,新兴产业还处于起步阶段,未来产业基本空白,城市经济的发展与海洋资源的利用结合不够紧密。海洋资源的开发利用尚为粗放式,科技进步的贡献率在海洋增长中不够大。海洋经济未走上开发和保护相结合的可持续发展道路。在发展重点海洋产业中,必须树立“科技兴     

海底可视技术在大洋科考中的应用和发展趋势

海底可视技术是一种直观地进行海底调查的手段,在大洋科考调查中发挥着重要的作用。文中介绍了海底摄像、电视抓斗和无人缆控潜水器(ROV)等海底可视设备在大洋科考中的应用情况,并提出了自治水下机器人(AUV)在大洋科考中的应用趋势。     

中国海洋卫星遥感技术进展

新中国成立70年来,中国在海洋卫星遥感技术领域取得了丰硕成果。中国制定了长远的自主海洋卫星发展规划,构建了海洋水色、海洋动力环境和海洋监视监测三大系列的海洋卫星,逐步形成了以中国自主卫星为主导的海洋空间监测网,在中国海洋资源与环境监测、海洋防灾减灾、海洋安全管理等方面发挥了重要作用。本文回顾了中国在海洋水色、海洋微波(海洋动力环境)卫星遥感技术的发展历程,重点介绍了中国在海洋卫星遥感技术领域所取得的新成果,并对中国海洋卫星遥感技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

法向承力锚(VLA)--一种适用于深海工程的新型系泊基础

深水系泊基础是深水系泊系统的重要组成,随着海洋油气资源开发的加速发展,深水系泊系统的关键技术成为国际海洋油气资源开发的重要研究领域.法向承力锚（VLA）是一种崭新的适用于深海油气资源开发的系泊基础形式,论文对其应用、性能特点、工作原理、安装与回收以及计算分析方法等进行了全面介绍,以期对科研人员进一步认识深水系泊系统的关键技术有所帮助,并对国内深水系泊系统的研发起到一定的借鉴作用.     

Evaluation of the ocean governance system in Korea

Considering the small land, dense population and poor natural resources, the oceans are important to Korea, but the recognition of oceans has been weak in Korean society. So ocean governance was fragmented in both institution and policies, which resulted in serious problems in the coastal waters and oceans. However, a series of maritime accidents and failures of policies increased the recognition of the coastal waters and resources and led to the establishment of one single ocean-related governmental agency in 1996. Over the last decade, the ocean governance in Korea has been successful and strong.     

Securing blue wealth: The need for a special sustainable development goal for the ocean and coasts

The ocean regulates the global climate, provides humans with natural resources such as food, materials, important substances, and energy, and is essential for international trade and recreational and cultural activities. Together with human development and economic growth, free access to, and availability of, ocean resources and services have exerted strong pressure on marine systems, ranging from overfishing, increasing resource extraction, and alteration of coastal zones to various types of thoughtless pollution. Both economic theory and many case studies suggest that there is no “tragedy of the commons” but a “tragedy of open access”. With high likeliness, structures of open access are non-sustainable. International cooperation and effective governance are required to protect the marine environment and promote the sustainable use of marine resources in such a way that due account can be taken of the environmental values of current generations and the needs of future generations. For this purpose, developing and agreeing on one Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) specifically for the Ocean and Coasts could prove to be an essential element. The new SDGs will build upon the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and replace them by 2015. Ensuring environmental sustainability in a general sense is one of the eight MDGs but the ocean is not explicitly addressed. Furthermore, the creation of a comprehensive underlying set of ocean sustainability targets and effective indicators developed within a global Future Ocean Spatial Planning (FOSP) process would help in assessing the current status of marine systems, diagnosing ongoing trends, and providing information for inclusive, forward-looking, and sustainable ocean governance.     

强化开发保护洋底矿产资源

陆上资源逐渐匮乏,海洋中蕴含丰富的资源,而且储量巨大,开发海洋资源已是大势所趋。我国虽然海底资源丰富,但海底资源开发和海洋权益工作还未到位,海底资源开发进展相对缓慢,邻国在争议海域开采油气资源,而日、韩等国均已提出自己的划分大陆架的方案,我国的大陆架资源安全受到威胁。因此,必须清醒地认识到海底资源的巨大经济和战略价值潜力,在积极研究海底资源的探测和开发利用的基础上,保护我国的海底资源,加强海洋权益的维护。     

底部呈二维缓变情况下超大型浮体水弹性响应的两种计算方法比较

超大型浮体在海洋资源开发和海洋空间利用方面有重要应用前景.非均匀海洋环境中的水弹性响应是其应用中的一个重要问题.在近海中最典型的非均匀海洋环境当属由于底部变化引起的非均匀现象.本文分别采用多重尺度法（零阶近似）和常规的有限水深势流格林函数边界积分法,对底部呈二维缓变情况下超大型浮体的水弹性响应问题进行了研究和对比,并与实验工况进行了对照.两种方法与试验结果吻合较好,证明非均匀海洋环境确实对超大型浮体的水弹性响应具有一定的影响.     

A Sustainable Development Goal for the Ocean and Coasts: Global ocean challenges benefit from regional initiatives supporting globally coordinated solutions

The ocean regulates the global climate, provides humans with natural resources such as food, materials, important substances, and energy, and is essential for international trade and recreational and cultural activities. Together with human development and economic growth, free access to, and availability of, ocean resources and services have exerted strong pressure on marine systems, ranging from overfishing, increasing resource extraction, and alteration of coastal zones to various types of thoughtless pollution. International cooperation and effective governance are required to protect the marine environment and promote the sustainable use of marine resources in such a way that due account can be taken of the environmental values of current generations and the needs of future generations. The high seas deserve particular attention since they suffer from a number of regulatory shortcomings due to the basic structures set out under international law. Against this backdrop, developing and agreeing on a focussed Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) specifically for the Ocean and Coasts could prove to be an essential element to provide guidance and a framework for regional implementation agreements.     

Aims and Scope

China Ocean Engineering takes as its prime function the integration of new research concepts, equipment, technology, materials and structures and other scientific advances within the field of ocean engineering, with particular reference to developments in     

Aims and Scope

China Ocean Engineering takes as its prime function the integration of new research concepts, equipment, technology, materials and structures and other scientific advances within the field of ocean engineering, with particular reference to developments in China. The Journal is concerned with all engineering aspects involved in the exploration and utilization of ocean resources, such as offshore engineering, coastal engineering, dive and salvage, utilization of marine energy resources and underwater engineering.[第一段]     

海洋生物声散射层研究现状综述

海洋生物声散射层全球分布广泛,其昼夜垂直迁移机制与周围海水的物理特性息息相关,对海洋内部碳的循环具有重要作用。文章收集整理了海洋生物声散射层的昼夜垂直迁移现象在各领域上的研究方法及研究成果,包括国内外研究现状,散射层的声学探测手段、全球范围内的分布变化情况等。海洋生物声散射层渔业资源丰富,研究和探索散射层有助于我们了解海洋物理环境和当地海洋渔业资源分布,对渔业资源的开发和利用具有重要意义。     

Similitude engineering—ocean structure interaction

Various types of ocean structures are used for the exploration and exploitation of ocean resources in the hydrospace. Reproduction of ocean structure and simulation of ocean parameters in the process of model testing is important in the similitude engineering technique. The prediction of the behaviour of the prototype depends on the usage of appropriate model laws. Adoption of one or two model laws becomes inevitable in certain cases while conducting hydrodynamic testing. This paper presents the details of the experiments envisaged with the facility available at Ocean Engineering Centre, I.I.T., Madras, India. The limitations imposed on the model structure due to the usage of model laws and the methods adopted to overcome the same are discussed. Based on this, the probable candidate materials for the modelling for experimentation is also highlighted.     

National ocean policy—new opportunities for Malaysian ocean development

Being a littoral state, Malaysian maritime sectors provide the basis for the growth and development of marine-related activities. As the country enters the new millennium along with the ‘2020 Vision’ which serves as the basic template against which the economic performance of these sectors should be judged, it poses a new challenge for Malaysia in developing these sectors. This paper attempts to address three basic issues: Firstly, is there any national ocean policy in place? Secondly, are the maritime sectors adequately organized to play an important role in achieving the objectives? Thirdly, what are the opportunities available in developing the ocean?It can be seen that existing policies to develop comprehensive ocean governance have not received the full attention they deserve. Organizational structures governing the ocean for implementing national policies are well in place but in a fragmented and uncoordinated fashion. As a result, sectoral and intersectoral management problems were created such as multiple-use conflicts, overlapping of jurisdiction and duplication of efforts. Environmental problems have also not been properly addressed. A few sectors have been identified as offering opportunities to further develop the Malaysian maritime areas. Among these are marine education and human resources development, marine tourism and the seafood industry.     

海洋碳汇经济价值核算研究

海洋碳汇经济价值核算是推动海洋碳汇市场交易、促进海洋环境保护和生态修复的前提和基础。本文探讨了海洋碳汇及海洋碳汇价值内涵,提出海洋碳汇经济价值分狭义与广义两种,重点分析了广义海洋碳汇价值的特点和构成,运用“总经 济价值法”核算广义海洋碳汇价值,构建了分类价值指标体系和分类核算方法。最后从海洋碳汇资源调查监测方法学、评估与核算标准体系、海洋增汇项目开发、海洋碳汇政策保障等角度提出海洋碳汇发展的具体建议。