鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气系统演化

低煤阶煤层气作为一种非常规天然气资源,具有良好的勘探开发前景。我国低煤阶煤层气资源丰富,进行低煤阶煤层气系统演化分析,对其富集成藏及开发具有重要的理论意义。鄂尔多斯盆地煤层甲烷的碳同位素δ13C₁为–33.1‰~–80.0‰,氢同位素δ_CH4为–235‰~–268‰。该盆地侏罗系煤层气藏主要有次生生物气与热成因气构成的混合型煤层气藏和热成因气藏两种类型。据构造热事件、煤层气组分及成因,结合不同阶段的煤层埋深、变质程度和生气特征等,将鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气系统演化划分为4个阶段:煤系浅埋–原生生物气阶段﹑煤系深埋–热成因气阶段﹑煤系抬升–吸附气逃逸散失阶段﹑煤系局部沉降–次生生物气补充阶段。其中,煤系深埋–热成因气阶段和局部沉降–次生生物气阶段是低煤阶煤层气资源的主要形成阶段。次生生物气的补充是鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气成功开发的重要气源。鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系煤层气藏应属于单斜式富气成藏模式。      

流体包裹体烃类组成特征及对天然气成藏示踪作用——以鄂尔多斯盆地西北部奥陶系为例

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西北部奥陶系克里摩里组和马四储层溶孔中充填的方解石以及重结晶作用形成的白云石中烃类包裹体鉴定和组成分析认为该区奥陶系储层中气态烃包裹体比较丰富,占30%～40%,以甲烷含量占绝对优势,甲烷含量一般分布在49.2%mol～61.7%mol 之间,重烃含量很低,表明该区曾经发生过天然气的运移聚集。应用热爆裂法打开包裹体对气态烃碳同位素进行了分析,包裹体中甲烷碳同位素比值分布在-34.7‰～-40.0‰,平均为-37.1‰,乙烷碳同位素比值分布在-29.0‰～-31.0‰之间,平均为-30.1‰,包裹体气体碳同位素比较轻,可能主要为高演化阶段的油型气。另外,该区的古地温史模拟数据和测定的包裹体均一温度分布对比研究表明天然气充注期在早白垩世。     

阜新盆地王营矿气藏成因分析

通过对王营矿气藏的气体组分分析和同位素分析,论述了气藏的气体主要来源于煤层气,有机组分为58.68%～78.68%,δ13C1≤-30‰,少部分来自于煤系地层的无机成因气和深层的无机成因气或者叫幔源气,无机组分在21.32%～41.32%之间,δ13C2在-13.6‰～-4.1‰之间,R/RA为2.48～2.63。盆缘的深大断裂和盆地基底的断裂及第四纪辉绿岩的侵入可能是幔源气的运移通道。     

鄂尔多斯盆地兴县地区煤层气地球化学特征及成因

煤层气化学组分、甲烷碳氢同位素特征对煤层气成因、分布规律和煤层气资源评价具有重要意义。为了查明河东煤田北部兴县地区山西组、太原组煤层甲烷及二氧化碳成因，采集研究区煤层气井解吸气样，通过组分分析、CH₄碳氢同位素和CO₂碳同位素测试，根据煤层气成因图版，分析了煤层气稳定同位素的地质影响因素，揭示了研究区煤层气成因。结果表明，区内主力煤层的甲烷碳同位素存在明显差异:8煤甲烷δ13C₁值介于-55.1‰~-44.2‰，平均为-49.2‰；13煤δ13C₁值介于-65.7‰~-55.7‰，平均为-59.8‰。同一煤层内甲烷碳同位素呈现出随煤层埋深增加而变重、随水动力条件增强变轻的特点；甲烷碳同位素偏轻，重烃组分偏少，表明受到一定因素或次生作用的影响。8煤以热成因气为主，13煤以次生生物成因气为主。研究区8煤δ13C （CO₂）介于-17.3‰~-4.8‰，13煤δ13C （CO₂）介于-26.3‰~-6.9‰，二氧化碳为煤热演化初期或最近一次煤层抬升再沉降后煤中有机质热裂解产生。研究成果为明确该区煤层气勘探开发方向提供了理论依据。      

成煤母质形成环境对热成因煤层气氢碳同位素的影响:不同气候环境的草本沼泽泥炭热模拟实验

煤层气的成因研究可以为煤层气勘探与开发提供科学依据,然而,煤层气的氢碳同位素组成受多种因素的影响,以前较多的研究是成气母质性质和成熟度对煤层气氢碳同位素的影响,对于成煤物质形成的气候环境对热解煤层气同位素的影响尚不清楚.热解模拟了高纬度寒冷干旱和低纬度热带湿润环境的草本泥炭,对热解烃类气体的氢碳同位素组成及其差异性进行了研究.研究结果表明:与低纬度热带湿润环境中形成的草本泥炭相比较,高纬度寒冷干旱环境的草本泥炭热解甲烷、乙烷和丙烷具有轻的氢同位素组成和重的碳同位素组成,并且从泥炭连续热解至R_o分别为2.5%、3.5%和5.5%时,甲烷、乙烷和丙烷δD值分别平均降低-17‰~-10‰、-32‰~-28‰和-25‰~-17‰,甲烷和乙烷δ13C值分别平均升高2.9‰~3.6‰和0.9‰~1.1‰.认为这种同位素差异起因于气候环境对形成泥炭的植物氢碳同位素组成的影响.建立了高纬度寒冷干旱和低纬度热带湿润环境中形成的成煤有机质热解烃类气体氢碳同位素组成与R_o之间的关系式,同时也建立了烃类气体的碳和氢同位素之间的关系式.这些研究成果为不同气候环境下形成的成煤有机质生成的煤层气成因研究提供了科学依据.      

中国南方百色盆地浅层生物气组成与成因

本文根据30余个气样分析资料,结合地质、地球化学背景,对百色第三系残留型盆地浅层生物气的组成和分布特征进行了深入研究,并探讨了其成因和形成机制。这些浅层气主要以烃类气体为主,一般占90%以上。甲烷和烷烃含量有较大变化范围,分别主要在50%～100%和0～50%之间,取决于热成因气混入生物气的比例。所研究浅层气的一个重要特征是其碳同位素很轻,甲烷的δ13C值主要变化在55‰～-75‰范围。按照分子和碳同位素组成及轻烃参数,该盆地浅层气可划分为3种成因类型:纯生物气、生物气-热成因气混合气和原油菌解气。它们在时空上呈规律性分布,与邻…     

沁水盆地南部潘庄区块废弃矿井煤层气地球化学特征及成因

为了研究废弃矿井中煤层气成因,以沁水盆地南部潘庄区块废弃矿井为例,抽采废弃矿井中煤层气并进行化学组分和同位素测试,并采集部分废弃矿井水样品测试水中离子浓度、pH值等进行研究。结果表明:潘庄区块废弃矿井中煤层气CH₄体积分数平均值为91.99%,CO₂为1.26%,N₂为6.73%;甲烷碳同位素（δ13C₁）值为-31.36‰~-33.53‰,平均-32.25‰,氢同位素（δD）值为-182.76‰~-193.20‰,平均-187.538‰。废弃矿井排采水中阴阳离子主要为Mg2+、K+、HCO₃-、Cl-、Na+、SO₄2-和NO₃-等,产出水型为Mg-（HCO₃）₂型,表明矿井水受到地表水的强烈影响。废弃矿井中煤层气主要以热成因气为主,少量次生生物气。与附近未开采煤储层相比,研究区废弃矿井中的环境更有利于次生生物气的生成。      

中国南方百色盆地浅层生物气组成与成因

根据30余个气样分析资料,结合地质、地球化学背景,对百色第三系残留型盆地浅层生物气的组成和分布特征进行了深入研究,并探讨了其成因和形成机制。这些浅层气主要以烃类气体为主,一般占90%以上。甲烷和C2+烷烃含量有较大变化范围,分别主要在50%～100%和0～50%之间,取决于热成因气混入生物气的比例。所研究浅层气的一个重要特征是其碳同位素很轻,甲烷的δ13C值主要变化在-55‰～-75‰范围。按照分子和碳同位素组成及轻烃参数,该盆地浅层气可划分为三种成因类型:纯生物气、生物气/热成因气混合气和原油菌解气。它们在时空上呈规律性分布,与邻…     

烷烃碳同位素对页岩含气性的指示意义——以四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组为例

以四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组为例,分析了烷烃碳同位素平面分布特征以及倒转情况,定量研究了烷烃碳同位素值与热演化程度、埋藏深度及含气量之间的关系,并探讨了造成不同区块烷烃碳同位素倒转程度差异的主要原因。结果表明:(1)龙马溪组页岩气组分具有典型的干气特征:CH4含量介于95.32%～99.59%,平均为98.44%;C2H6含量较少,介于0.09%～0.74%,平均为0.52%;C3H8含量普遍很低。(2)烷烃碳同位素表现为自盆地边缘向盆地中心逐渐变轻的特征,δ13C1值介于-36.9‰～-26.7‰,平均为-30.27‰;δ13C2值介于-42.8‰～-31‰,平均为-34.9‰;δ13C3值介于-50.5‰～-33.1‰,平均为-37.28‰。(3)整体上,四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩气烷烃碳同位素具有完全倒转(δ13C1δ13C2δ13C3)的特征,页岩气成藏过程中干酪根裂解气与滞留烃裂解气的混合可能是导致烷烃碳同位素发生倒转的主要原因。(4)同位素定量分馏模型显示滞留烃裂解气在页岩气中的占比多大于60%,指示两种裂解气混合比不同是造成烷烃碳同位素倒转程度差异的主要原因;整体上,随滞留烃裂解气含量的增多,δ13C2值减小,烷烃碳同位素倒转程度增大,页岩的含气量也逐渐增加。     

祁连山冻土区天然气水合物分解气碳氢同位素组成特征

开展祁连山冻土区天然气水合物气体同位素研究,是解决其气体成因、来源等科学问题的一个重要手段。本研究采集祁连山南麓多年冻土区水合物科学钻探DK2和DK3孔共8个含水合物的岩芯样品,采用真空顶空法收集样品中水合物的分解气,分别用气相色谱(GC)、气相色谱同位素比值质谱(GC-IRMS)测定其气体成分和同位素组成,测试结果表明:祁连山冻土区天然气水合物样品的气体碳氢同位素变化较大,甲烷、乙烷和丙烷的碳同位素(δ13C)变化范围分别为-52.6‰～-48.1‰、-38.6‰～-30.7‰和-34.7‰～-21.2‰,而二氧化碳的碳同位素(δ13C)最低为-27.9‰,最高为16.7‰;甲烷、乙烷和丙烷的氢同位素(δD)变化范围分别为-285‰～-227‰、-276‰～-236‰和-247‰～-198‰。通过对这些碳氢同位素进行综合研究,包括气体分子组成与同位素的关系分析、甲烷的碳氢同位素之间的关系判断等,结果表明研究区天然气水合物的气体主要来源于热解气,而且是在淡水环境中形成的有机成因气。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with