哈萨克斯坦M 盆地平衡剖面复原及其在油气成藏研究中的应用

平衡剖面不仅可以用于评价和检验地震解释剖面、分析盆地构造演化,还有助于分析油气的动态成藏过程。对哈萨克
斯坦M 盆地的主干地震剖面进行了平衡剖面恢复,分析了盆地的构造演化特征及构造发育对油气成藏的影响。研究结果表明,M
盆地中新生代地质演化具有明显的阶段性,早、中侏罗世为盆地断陷伸展、沉积与沉降的主要时期,白垩纪主要为坳陷期。构造控
制了盆地的油气成藏条件,两次构造抬升和两次深埋是造成油气成藏过程非连续性的主要因素。      

银川盆地不同构造层构造样式及形成演化分析

为研究银川盆地构造样式及形成演化,以地震资料的精细解析为基础,分析构造样式类型和发育特征,并结合区域地质背景从断裂控盆方面分析其演化过程.结果表明:银川盆地经历中生代挤压隆升剥蚀和新生代伸展断陷2个主要演化阶段,共发育4类构造样式,其中新生界构造层以伸展和伸展—走滑构造样式为主,基底构造层以挤压和反转构造样式为主.该研究结果对明确银川盆地地质结构及油气勘探具有指导意义.     

俄罗斯主要含油气盆地油气地质特征与成藏模式

俄罗斯区域构造演化复杂,含油气盆地类型众多,油气地质特征和资源规模彼此差异巨大,盆地间缺少横向对比研究。基于最新的IHS数据库,通过对构造演化、沉积充填和基本石油地质条件的分析,总结了14个主要含油气盆地的盆地类型划分、油气地质条件类比、成藏主控因素和油气成藏模式,指明了未来需要重点关注的盆地。综合分析表明:俄罗斯含油气盆地具有以发育叠合盆地为主、单旋回盆地伴生的特点;存在4期主力烃源岩、4套主要成藏组合和3种成藏模式,储量发现规模受控于成藏模式,其中单旋回盆地封闭型成藏的油气资源最为丰富,其次分别为叠合盆地中的调整型成藏和改造型成藏。      

江南—雪峰隆起构造动力学与海相油气成藏演化

研究讨论了我国南方江南-雪峰隆起这一独特的大地构造单元在板块构造阶段和大陆构造阶段的发育背景及其构造
动力学。在此基础上阐述了江南-雪峰隆起及其周缘的海相油气聚集、破坏的特征和背景(构造动力学框架下),研究试图揭示隆
起及其周缘的海相油气聚集和破坏与隆起形成演化及其动力学之间在时间和空间上的成因联系。最后讨论了隆起在板块构造与
大陆构造不同阶段演化和动力学问题、板块构造与大陆构造观点对隆起及其周缘成藏物质基础制约的不同认识、以及隆起及其周
缘构造演化与海相油气成藏演化的关系。      

西非科特迪瓦盆地深水区油气地质特征及成藏主控因素

科特迪瓦盆地位于西非几内亚湾北部,为典型的转换型大陆边缘盆地,是目前世界深水油气勘探的热点区域。以科特迪瓦盆地的构造演化、油气地质条件以及油气田最新发现为基础,采用油气地质综合分析方法,明确了盆地深水油气成藏的主控因素,可以为进一步明确勘探目标提供帮助,并为同类型盆地的油气勘探提供借鉴。研究表明,目前盆地共发育3套烃源岩,3套储层及多套盖层。盆地内最主要的深水成藏组合为上白垩统自生自储式和下生上储式成藏组合,其烃源岩为上白垩统森诺曼阶-土伦阶厚层海相页岩;储层主要是土伦阶-森纳阶深水浊积扇砂体;盖层主要是上覆新生界厚层海相页岩。盆地深水油气成藏主控因素为深水浊积扇和断层,二者相匹配共同控制油气成藏。      

中扬子区中新生代构造演化与海相油气关系

中扬子区中、新生代以来,经历了印支期南北板块碰撞对接的变革,燕山期南北扭动的改造,喜山期的拉张与挤压。每期运动都对海相油气的生、运、聚、保产生了建设和破坏性的双重作用。在剖析构造变动与油气关系规律中,从生成油气的物质基础、构造变动强弱、保存条件三个因素出发,优选了当阳凹陷、澧县凹陷、沔阳—陈沱口地区三个有利的油气远景勘探区域。     

中上扬子地区海相隆坳格局与油气聚集保存

隆坳格局是海相油气聚集区及其保存条件的早期控制因素。综合地质、钻井、地震、测试等多种资料,编制关键界面埋深图、剥蚀程度图、古地质图、构造叠合图及构造演化剖面等,研究中上扬子地区海相隆坳格局特征,分析油气运移聚集和保存条件。结果表明:加里东期隆坳格局以EW向和NE向为主,出现鄂西坳陷、川南坳陷、黔东南坳陷、江汉盆地北部坳陷等四大坳陷以及江南—雪峰隆起、黔中隆起及乐山—龙女寺隆起等三大隆起;古隆起及扬子板块南、北缘长期稳定的大规模斜坡带控制了以下寒武统为烃源岩的油气运移和聚集;印支期对加里东期的构造反转作用明显,印支期的坳陷基本上位于加里东期古隆起之上;扬子地区的隆坳格局主要呈SN向和NE向,形成泸州隆起、川西坳陷、湘鄂西—黔西南坳陷;此时形成的古隆起控制了以下志留统和下二叠统为烃源岩的油气运移和聚集。     

准噶尔盆地盆1井西凹陷二叠系烃源岩生烃演化史及成藏模式

准噶尔盆地盆1井西凹陷二叠系烃源岩热演化阶段及油气成藏过程认识不清。根据取心、测录井及地球化学等资料,采用盆地模拟和生烃热模拟实验方法,恢复二叠系烃源岩热演化史、生烃史,确定不同生烃阶段与构造演化的匹配关系,分析烃源岩生烃演化对油气成藏的影响,建立两期生烃、两期调整的油气成藏模式。结果表明：二叠系风城组、下乌尔禾组烃源岩整体在侏罗纪开始成熟,分别于早白垩世、古近纪末期进入高成熟生气阶段,现今多为高成熟—过成熟阶段。二叠系烃源灶位于凹陷中心及前哨次凹,风城组、下乌尔禾组烃源岩生烃强度最高分别为5.62×10⁶、1.02×10⁶ t/km²。两套烃源岩错峰生烃为研究区奠定持续供烃背景,与构造调整、多套储层共同控制研究区油气纵向立体成藏,早期生成的油气多向石西—莫北凸起等环凹高部位运聚成藏,晚期形成的高熟天然气在近源的前哨2井区聚集成藏,油气的多期充注及调整在研究区内形成4类油气藏——早期新生古储油气藏、中期次生调整油气藏、晚期中浅层高熟气藏和源内非常规油气藏,前哨地区、石西—莫北凸起具有良好的油气勘探潜力。该结果为盆1井西凹...     

渤海西部海域渤中西洼构造演化与油气成藏模式

利用新三维地震资料,分析渤中西洼地层展布特征、断裂结构特征、活动强度,明确多期构造演化特征,探讨新生代构造演化对油气成藏的影响,建立油气成藏模式。结果表明:渤中西洼划分为断陷期、断拗期、拗陷期及拗断期4个构造演化阶段;断陷期渤中西洼强烈伸展控制形成东三段、沙河街组两套最重要的烃源岩层系,断拗期、拗陷期构造相对稳定,拗断期渤中西洼构造重新活化,断层大量产生而形成多种类型圈闭,油源断裂及晚期调节断层的强烈活动将深部油气向浅层运移,促进研究区的晚期成藏作用。该研究为下一步油气勘探提供依据。     

彰武盆地地质发展及构造聚煤控煤研究

从侏罗纪到新生代彰武盆地构造发展可分为８个阶段。早新华夏系属成盆期构造体系，控制了以八道壕煤系为代表的晚侏罗世九佛堂组的聚煤作用；北西构造系同沉积构造控制了彰武盆地早白垩世小型断陷盆地的聚煤作用；中新华夏系等成盆后构造通过后期形变控制了盆地内现今煤层的分布。     

Petroleum Exploration in the Yemeni Red Sea and Offshore Area (Tihama Basin)

The Red Sea is a pericratonic upper Tertiary basin which developed on the continental margin of Arabia. It is characterized by halokinetic tectonics in the upper structural stage and block- Rifting in the lower structural stage. This margin is overprinted on a Pre - rift Mesozoic platform. Hydrocarbon exploration interest in the Yemeni Red Sea sector and Offshore area (Tihama Basin) is based on three objectives, which cross pond to stages in geotectonic evolution; Mesozoic Pre - rift targets; Miocene Syn- Rift Salt targets; and upper Miocene- Pliocene Post - rift drift sequences. Reservoirs with appropriate sealing units ( salt or shale ) have been recorded. Models of source rock maturation using observed geothermal gradients are consistent with analytical results, and prove of oil and gas generation. Most traps are described as faulted, fault - blocks, listric - faults or structural. The evaporite group mainly consists of Halite and Anhydrite, that exhibits a strong halokinesis affecting a structural style- of Infra and Intra evaporite sequences in offshore (Tihama basin ).     

辽西南天门断裂及其与北票组发育的关系

通过对辽西地区ＴＭ图像地质解译和对南天门断裂的研究表明，虽然南天门断裂现今在地形地貌上表现为其西的北票、朝阳、建昌盆地和其东的金羊盆地的区域性分隔断裂，但是实际上在早侏罗世末以前，则是一个统一盆地内的潜伏（基底）断裂，即非现今的盆地边缘断裂。由于盆地内普遍发育含有油气性良好的下侏罗统北票组，因此，辽西地区应具有良好的油气勘探开发前景。     

Structural Control of Sand Bodies and Deep Exploration for Oil and Gas

The structural styles can be used to analyses and predict developments and distributions of sand bodies in a rift basin. The dynamic process of faulting and sedimentation can be expressed as follow: the basin topography controlled by fault activity can control water dynamics; which in turn affect the transport and sedimentation of sediments. The corresponding analysis between structural styles and sand depositional types includes the following aspects: (1) in section, the corresponding between development of fault terraces and sand depositional types; (2) in plane, the relationship between faults' association and distributions of sand bodies. There are four types of terrace styles to be identified. They are Steep Slope Single Fault Terrace (SSSFT), Steep Slope Multiple Fault Terrace (SSMFT), Gentle Slope (GS) and Gentle Slope Multiple Fault Terrace (GSMFT), which also can be divided into six subtypes by the timing of the faults activities and the directions of their activity migrations (basinward and landward or marginward). They correspond to the following sand depositions such as alluvial fan, fan delta and turbidite fan etc.. The analysis of structure-sedimentation is a discussion on the rank Ⅲ sequence evolution under the condition of pulsing or episodic fault activities. It has been recognized four plane fault associations such as the comb, the broom, the fork and the fault-fold association as well as the corresponding sand distributions. Structural-sedimentary models above mentioned are significant for the deep oil and gas exploration when lacking of the drill data. It may reduce multiple resolutions in the interpretation of seismic-sedimentary facies and promote sand predictions through the constraints of the structural styles of the basin units. The structural-sedimentary pattern can be used as a geological model in oil and gas exploration in the rift basins.     

Petroleum Exploration in the Yemeni Red Sea and Offshore Area (Tihama Basin)

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泌阳凹陷北部缓坡带核桃园组油气运聚成藏过程

为了深入了解油气分布规律，利用流体包裹体显微荧光光谱和显微测温以及一维盆地模拟的埋藏热历史，结合地震构造属性和沉积相分析，对泌阳凹陷北部缓坡带核桃园组油气运聚成藏过程进行了研究。结果显示北部缓坡带核桃园组第三段储层检测到橙黄色、黄绿色和蓝绿色3种颜色荧光油包裹体，反映了3幕不同成熟度的原油捕获。油包裹体的丰度和伴生盐水包裹体均一温度和埋藏史曲线表明，北部储层共存在两期三幕充注事件:第一期规模小，发生于断陷末期的相对低成熟度发橙黄色荧光油，第二期发生在中新世构造抬升期的相对高成熟度的黄绿色和蓝绿色荧光油。流体包裹体古压力模拟显示第二期油气充注时储层是超压状态，推测与当时的构造挤压有关。超压持续作用以及北部地层抬升造成与深凹带源岩增加的流体势差为第二期油气提供了强有力的动力；频繁的断层活动，特别是走滑断裂使得单一的砂体顺层输导转变为砂体顺层输导+断裂垂直输导的复合立体运移输导体系，使得原油以高效率运移到凹陷北部缓坡带。这对精细理解构造抬升控制油气大规模运聚具有重要的意义。      

Oil and Gas Distribution in Hailar Basin,Northeast China

Through petroleum exploration of 20 years, a new petroleum production area has been constructed in Hailar Basin. Their petroleum geological characteristics and hydrocarbon distribution has been known in detail. The Hailar Basin is a basin group consisted of many scattered sub-basins with similar structural developed history. Each sub-basin has unique hydrocarbon distributing rules, including (1) oil/gas reservoir distribution is controlled by the oil/gas sag, and the oil/gas bearing in big sag is rich; (2) underwater fan and turbidity fan are the most favorable reservoirs; structure zone controlled by main fault is favorable zone of forming composite oil/gas accumulation; (3) lower fault-block in higher rise and higher fault-block in lower rise are favorable to oil/gas accumulation; (4) deep fault and granite body are closely related to oil/gas reservoir, its distributing area is favorable area of oil and mantle source non-hydrocarbon gas formation;(5) higher geothermal area is favorable oil/gas bearing area.     

海拉尔盆地碎屑岩地层断裂带内部结构及断层封闭性

根据盆地演化规律及断层穿层性,将海拉尔盆地断裂分为盆地基底断裂和盖层断裂;根据活动时期和变形特征,分为早期伸展断裂系统、中期张扭断裂系统、早期伸展)中期张扭断裂系统、中期张扭)晚期反转断裂系统和早期伸展)中期张扭)晚期反转断裂系统.结合海拉尔盆地岩心和野外观察,建立3种断裂带内部结构模式:致密储层中断层角砾岩结构、泥质岩盖层中泥岩涂抹结构和泥质岩盖层内断层泥结构.与油气垂向运移有关的断裂系统包括早期伸展)中期张扭)晚期反转断裂系统(正反转断层)、早期伸展)中期张扭)晚期反转活动的断裂系统(反转再活动正断层)和中期张扭)晚期反转活动的断裂系统.该研究成果可以为海拉尔盆地断层封闭性评价提供指导.     

Oil and Gas Distribution in Hailar Basin,Northeast China

1IntroductionHailar Basin is located in the eastern part of In-ner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, with the area of 44 210 km2 (Fig.1).Fig.1SketchmapshowingthelocationofHailarBasinThe Hailar Basin is neither different from the foreland basin of west pa…     

A study on accumulation and distribution of gas in southern Songliao Basin

A number of isolated fault sags in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous were developed in the early stage of southern Songliao Basin,and unified to a depression basin in the late stage.Therefore,multiple isolated lower petroliferous systems were formed with fault sags as source rocks.The source rocks of fault sags in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous were mainly described with gas generation as favorable source rocks,leading to the southern Songliao Basin rich in natural gas resources combined with organic gas resources in Nenjiang Formation.A number of tectonic movements in southern Songliao Basin led to the formation of abundant structural traps and complex fault systems,and controlled the distribution strata and positions of sources rocks in Late Jurassic--Early Cretaceous fault sags.The oil-gas reservoirs can be divided into two types,i.e.,primary and secondary ones.The primary oil-gas reservoirs were distributed in the fault sag strata and the bottom of overlying depression strata(lower Quan-1 Member).The oil-gas reservoir accumulation depended on the trap development situation and the distance from source rocks.The preservation conditions of oil-gas reservoirs depended on the degree of reconstruction in the late tectonism.The secondary oil-gas reservoirs were distribution in the Quantou Formation of depression strata,where oil and gas reservoir accumulation depended on three conditions,i.e.,trap development situation,deep gas sources and the fault to connect the shallow traps and deep gas sources.The southern Songliao Basin is rich in lower coal type gas,upper oil-gas and biogas resources,which are important resources in the future.     

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷北部隆起区油气远源富集与主控因素

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷北部隆起区的油气勘探始于20世纪70年代, 历经20多年反复探索一直未获得商业发现。近年来, 恩平凹陷北部新近系油气勘探接连取得重大突破, 逐渐成为勘探的热点地区。勘探实践表明远源富集成藏是恩平凹陷北部隆起区新近系油气成藏的重要特征。首先, 侧向断开控洼边界且深入洼陷内部的长期活动断裂体系是恩平北带油气能够大规模向北运移的关键因素; 这类断裂早期控制陡坡带文昌组物源供给, 晚期继承性活动切穿文昌组仓储砂体及烃源岩, 使文昌组烃源岩生成的油气通过油源断裂垂向调节至中浅层新近系储层中; 其次, 油气经过侧向穿断面运移后, 能继续沿断层对盘的构造脊往高部位汇聚, 使油气能够向北远距离运移并富集成藏。油源断裂、仓储砂体与构造脊的耦合是恩平凹陷北部隆起区远源油气富集的关键因素, 同时暗示深层文昌组仓储砂体的巨大勘探潜力。恩平凹陷北部隆起区具备油气远源富集成藏的条件, 在目前已获突破的区域继续向北仍发育较多构造圈闭, 为新近系油气勘探的潜力区带。