滇中腊梅铁矿床磁铁矿地球化学特征及其指示意义

滇中腊梅铁矿床位于西南“三江”地区金沙江-哀牢山-红河富碱斑岩带中段,其矿化类型不明,成矿机制和资源潜力不清,制约了该区找矿勘查的深入研究。本次研究工作在详细的地质调查基础上,根据矿(化)体产出特征,将磁铁矿划分为正长斑岩内的豆状-星点状磁铁矿(Ⅰ-Mag)、透辉石角岩内浸染状-团块状磁铁矿(Ⅱ-Mag)和层间破碎带内脉状及囊状充填型磁铁矿(Ⅲ-Mag)3种类型。通过LA-ICP-MS原位微区成分对比,发现3类磁铁矿总体富集Ti、Mn、V、Mg、Zn及Ni,贫Sn、Ga及Sc等元素,并且从Ⅰ-Mag→Ⅱ-Mag→Ⅲ-Mag, Mg、V、Zn含量及Ni/Cr值逐渐增加,Cr、Sn及REE含量逐渐降低,反映3类磁铁矿具有从岩浆成因向热液成因演化的特征。结合Ni/(Cr+Mn)-(Ti+V)、(Al+Mn)-(Ti+V)图解及磁铁矿矿相学特征,认为该矿床属于接触交代热液型铁矿床,其成矿物质来源与富碱斑岩密切相关。3类磁铁矿形成温度约300～500℃,Ⅰ-Mag→Ⅱ-Mag→Ⅲ-Mag的氧逸度有逐渐降低的趋势。地球化学特征及成矿温度、氧逸度等信息指示,腊梅铁矿床深部具斑岩型铜多金属矿床的成矿潜...     

西天山敦德铁矿床磁铁矿原位LA-ICP-MS元素分析及意义

敦德铁矿床是天山成矿带内新近发现并勘查的一处大型海相火山岩型铁矿床。该矿床的矿石可划分为浸染状、稠密浸染状、条带状和块状4种主要类型。其中的条带状矿石包括磁铁矿_矽卡岩条带和磁铁矿_方解石条带2种亚类型。块状矿石内出现围岩或矽卡岩角砾时则构成角砾状矿石,其磁铁矿的成因无甚差异。根据野外观察和矿相显微研究,认为磁铁矿形成于早期矽卡岩阶段后的退化蚀变阶段,之后又被更晚的硫化物阶段和绿泥石_碳酸盐阶段的矿物叠加。敦德磁铁矿内主要发生了Al、Mn、Mg和Zn的类质同象置换,此外,也含有Ti、Si、Ca等次要元素以及Na、K、V、Cr、Ni、Co等多种可检测到的微量元素。磁铁矿内元素含量在空间上显示出直观的差异,由深部到浅部,Mn、Zn含量升高,Si、Ca、Na、K、Pb、Ba、Sr、Sb、Cu等含量降低。在Ti O2_Al2O3_Mg O图解、Ti O2_Al2O3_(Mg O+Mn O)图解和Ca+Al+Mn_Ti+V图解上,敦德磁铁矿的分析数据均投影于热液交代(矽卡岩)成因区域。综上认为,该矿床的磁铁矿可能为热液充填交代成因。     

莱芜张家洼铁矿磁铁矿LA-ICP-MS微量元素特征及其对成矿过程的制约

莱芜张家洼铁矿位于华北克拉通东缘的鲁西地区,矿石成因类型为夕卡岩型铁矿。矿体赋存在早白垩世高镁闪长岩与奥陶系马家沟组灰岩及白云岩接触带附近。本文通过对莱芜岩浆和热液磁铁矿电子探针(EPMA)以及激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA ICP MS)分析,探讨磁铁矿微量元素组成及变化规律对成岩和成矿作用的指示,为揭示张家洼铁矿的矿床成因及其成矿流体演化过程提供重要制约。分析结果表明,莱芜岩浆磁铁矿与热液磁铁矿相比明显富集Ti、V、Cr等亲铁元素,相对富集Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素以及Sn、Ga、Ge、Sc等中等相容元素,Mg、Al、Mn、Zn、Co显著富集于热液磁铁矿中。Ti、V、Cr以及Mg、Al、Mn、Zn在岩浆和热液中具有不同的地球化学行为,Ti、V、Cr从熔体中进入磁铁矿主要受温度、分配系数以及fO2控制。Mg、Al、Mn、Zn主要受控于水岩反应和后期绿泥石+碳酸盐脉的交代,这些元素通过类质同象替换富集于热液磁铁矿中。Co在热液磁铁矿中除了受水岩相互作用和后期流体交代的影响外,硫化物的出现会导致Co含量急剧降低。Si、Ca、Na及Sr、Ba在岩浆和热液磁铁矿中的地球化学行为非常一致。Ti Ni/Cr图能够用于区分岩浆和热液磁铁矿,莱芜岩浆磁铁矿中Ti含量较高且Ni/Cr比值≤1,热液磁铁矿Ti含量较低且绝大多数Ni/Cr比值≥1。张家洼热液磁铁矿可分为早、晚两个阶段：早期阶段包括(1)早期原生粒状磁铁矿和(2)早期次生磁铁矿;晚期阶段包括(3)晚期原生磁铁矿和(4)晚期次生磁铁矿。原生磁铁矿具有典型的三联点结构特征;次生磁铁矿受后期热液交代影响表现为多空隙,通常呈不规则状、树枝状、骸晶以及交代残余结构。磁铁矿微量元素生动记录了成矿流体演化过程,从早期到晚期、从原生到次生都显示Mg、Al、Mn、Zn包括Co含量持续升高,表明成矿流体可能朝着富集这些微量元素的方向演化。后期流体的交代导致绿泥石蚀变为磁铁矿,连续水岩相互作用和后期流体的交代以及绿泥石直接蚀变是导致热液磁铁矿富集Mg、Al、Mn、Zn等元素的主要原因。热液磁铁矿晚期孔隙较为发育,孔隙度的增加促使更多的流体和磁铁矿发生反应。热液磁铁矿的微量元素不仅能够反映矿床形成的物理化学条件,而且可以反映围岩性质以及水岩相互作用过程。     

西藏措勤尼雄矿田滚纠铁矿磁铁矿元素地球化学特征及对成矿作用的制约

尼雄矿田滚纠铁矿地处拉萨地块隆格尔-工布江达岩浆弧,是冈底斯成矿带中生代铁铜多金属成矿作用的典型代表。在详细的野外地质调查和室内研究基础上,分析了滚纠铁矿床磁铁矿的成因矿物学特征。电子探针测试和ICP-MS分析表明,磁铁矿主量元素具有富SiO_2,贫TiO_2、V_2O_5的特征;微量元素Ba、Ti相对亏损,Cs、U相对富集,Eu、Lu、Tb、Ho、Tm强烈亏损。磁铁矿的Ti-(V+Cr)和(Ti+V)-(Al+Mn)协变图显示氧逸度、温度对矿物元素含量有明显制约作用,同时w(TiO_2)与w(CaO+MgO)、w(Na_2O+K_2O)表现出明显正相关关系,指示矽卡岩系统中流体-岩石相互作用是磁铁矿地球化学元素变化的主要控制因素。通过研究矿床中矿物生成顺序和磁铁矿中Ti、V元素特征并结合前人流体包裹体测温资料,认为矿区铁矿化阶段为高氧逸度的中高温环境,初步限定磁铁矿成矿温度为300～450℃。矿物的w(Ni)均值为8.98×10~(-6),Ni/Co比值1(变化范围0.15～0.59),Ti/V比值为6.71～25.52,从矿物化学角度进一步印证滚纠铁矿的成矿物质来源于矿区中酸性岩浆流体系统。TiO_2-Al_2O_3-(MgO+MnO)和(Ca+Al+Mn)-(Ti+V)等成因判别图解在矿区具有良好适用性,说明磁铁矿是矽卡岩矿床成矿过程的重要指示矿物。     

磁铁矿显微结构及化学成分对铜绿山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床成矿过程的指示

铜绿山矽卡岩型铜铁多金属矿床是长江中下游鄂东南矿集区的一个典型矿床,矿体产于铜绿山岩体与三叠系碳酸盐岩地层的接触带.磁铁矿是铜绿山铜铁矿床中广泛发育的矿石矿物,选取内矽卡岩和外矽卡岩中的热液磁铁矿以及岩体中副矿物磁铁矿为研究对象,对其开展系统的显微结构观察和电子探针分析.热液磁铁矿中普遍发育有钛尖晶石出溶结构和富硅环带结构,且没有明显的后期热液交代改造现象.钛尖晶石出溶结构指示铜绿山矿床的早期热液磁铁矿具有较高的Ti含量,磁铁矿结晶后经历了降温和氧逸度降低过程导致钛尖晶石出溶.热液磁铁矿中还普遍含有较高含量的Si、Al、Cr、V、Mn、Mg、Co和Ni等元素,Si4+、Al3+、Mg2+、Mn2+等以类质同象方式进入磁铁矿晶格;但在不同产状的磁铁矿中,替代强度和机制略有不同,说明流体成分、温度、压力等物理化学条件影响元素替代强度和方式.外矽卡岩中磁铁矿的Al₂O₃/MgO比值小于4,内矽卡岩中磁铁矿的Al₂O₃/MgO比值为5~8,而副矿物磁铁矿的Al₂O₃/MgO比值约为13.岩体副矿物磁铁矿具有最高的V₂O₃含量（平均值为0.31%）,与岩体接触的内矽卡岩中的磁铁矿次之（平均值为0.14%）,外矽卡岩中磁铁矿的V₂O₃含量最低（平均值为0.01%~0.03%）.Al₂O₃/MgO比值和V₂O₃含量说明磁铁矿生长环境（熔体/热液）、围岩的成分及水-岩反应等对磁铁矿的化学组成均有影响.铜绿山矿床从岩体到内矽卡岩、再到外矽卡岩,磁铁矿的形成温度逐步下降,其成分的变化指示了磁铁矿可以作为矽卡岩矿床成矿过程的重要指示矿物.      

鄂东程潮铁矿床磁铁矿的微量元素组成及其矿床成因意义

程潮铁矿床是长江中下游成矿带最大的矽卡岩型铁矿床,位于鄂东南矿集区北缘,矿体主要产于鄂城杂岩体与下三叠统大冶组碳酸盐岩的接触带。本文报道程潮铁矿床不同产状磁铁矿的LA-ICPMS(激光剥蚀等离子体质谱)微量元素分析结果,以讨论磁铁矿的微量元素组成和变化规律及其与成矿环境的关系,为深入认识程潮铁矿床的矿床成因及成矿演化提供重要制约。研究结果显示,程潮铁矿床与成矿有关岩体(花岗岩)中的岩浆磁铁矿(副矿物)与内矽卡岩和外矽卡岩中的热液磁铁矿在显微结构和微量元素组成上具有显著差异。花岗岩中的磁铁矿不发育环带,也没有遭受后期热液的交代。内矽卡岩以发育具有振荡环带的富Si磁铁矿为特征,而外矽卡岩中的磁铁矿则以无明显环带的富Mg磁铁矿为主。内矽卡岩和外矽卡岩中的原生磁铁矿都遭受了广泛的热液交代作用而形成次生磁铁矿,即具有明显的磁铁矿溶解-再沉淀作用。与矽卡岩矿石中的热液磁铁矿相比,岩体中的副矿物磁铁矿具有高得多的V、Ti、Ni、Cr、Co及Ga等亲铁元素(相容元素)和较低的Si、Al、Mg、Sr及Ba等亲石元素(不相容元素)。这种岩浆副矿物磁铁矿和矿石矿物磁铁矿微量元素组成的系统差异表明,程潮铁矿床属于典型的矽卡岩型矿床,而非矿浆型铁矿。另一方面,内矽卡岩和外矽卡岩矿石中的原生磁铁矿也具有明显不同的微量元素组成:前者具有较高的V、Ti、Ni、Cr、Ga、Sr和Ba等,而后者具有较高的Sn、Zn、U和Sn/Ga、Zn/V及Co/Ni比值,表明外矽卡岩中的磁铁矿受地层围岩成分的影响较大,而内矽卡岩中的磁铁矿则更多地受岩浆流体组分的控制。对原生磁铁矿和次生磁铁矿微量元素的系统分析结果表明,在磁铁矿的溶解-再沉淀过程中,内矽卡岩中的次生磁铁矿相对原生磁铁矿具有显著不同的微量元素组成,前者的Si、Al、Mg、Ti、Sr及Ga等元素含量大大降低,而Zn、V、Mn、Pb、Th及U等元素含量则升高,Co、Ni、Sn及Ba等元素基本不变。外矽卡岩中的原生磁铁矿被交代形成次生磁铁矿时,Mg、Mn、Al、Zn及Co等元素发生丢失,Pb、U、Nb及Sr等元素发生富集,而Sn和Ga的含量基本不变。根据不同产状、不同结构和不同成因磁铁矿的微量元素分析可以得出以下认识:(1)程潮铁矿床属于典型的热液成因,矿区不存在矿浆型铁矿;(2)磁铁矿的溶解-再沉淀作用使大部分微量元素发生明显亏损,少部分元素发生富集,表明流体交代对磁铁矿的微量元素组成具有显著影响;(3)对磁铁矿微量元素组成的研究可为磁铁矿及矽卡岩型铁矿床的矿床成因和成矿演化提供重要信息;对磁铁矿的原位微量元素分析必须建立在详细的显微结构研究基础上,对发生过溶解-再沉淀作用的磁铁矿,需要分别对原生和次生磁铁矿区域进行高精度、高分辨率的微量元素分析,只有这样才能对磁铁矿及含磁铁矿矿床的成因进行正确的分析和认识。     

长江水系沉积物碎屑矿物组成及其示踪意义

长江碎屑矿物组成研究表明,轻矿物以石英、长石和岩屑为主,不同支流轻矿物组成特征不同,成熟度指数平均是2.0,一般干流高于支流,成熟度随沉积物搬运距离增加而增大。QFL及QtFL三角图解显示长江沉积物主要来自再旋回造山带物源区,流域风化剥蚀速度较快,不同支流物质汇入干流,使得干流轻矿物组成复杂多变而难以和支流区别。重矿物含量从长江上游至下游呈递减趋势,其主要组合是磁铁矿-普通角闪石-普通辉石-石榴子石-绿帘石-褐铁矿-钛铁矿。红柱石和磷灰石是金沙江沉积物的特征矿物组合;蓝晶石是岷江流域的特征矿物;涪江的特征矿物是榍石;汉江的特征矿物组合是磷灰石、紫苏辉石和硅镁石;锆石是湘江的特征矿物。不同流域的特征矿物指示其源岩性质。上游的雅砻江、大渡河以及岷江等支流沉积物对中、下游干流沉积物的贡献较弱。涪陵以上长江流域风化作用强烈,母岩主要是沉积岩类(碎屑岩、泥岩);其下流域沉积物中近源弱风化物质明显增加,其源岩类型体现为岩浆岩和变质岩类;而金沙江攀枝花地区及湘江、沅江沉积物则更多来自流域内广泛分布的大片变质岩类。     

南秦岭地区花桥富碱辉长岩地球化学特征及其含矿性

南秦岭花桥钛磁铁矿床赋矿岩石为富碱辉长岩,含矿岩相主要为黑云母辉石岩,岩石由含钛普通辉石和黑云母组成。含矿辉长岩体属典型钠质型碱性岩类,Na2O〉K2O,Na2O/K2O值在2.55~5.23之间,碱度率在1.24~1.29之间,MgO含量为5.32%~6.74%,TiO2含量为3.82%~5.84%,Al2O3含量为13.27%~15.06%;属富铁质系列,m/f值为0.37~0.56。在FeO-MgO-Al2O3图解上判别为大陆板内环境。稀土元素总量相对较高,轻稀土元素富集显著,有弱的正Eu异常。花桥钛磁铁矿矿石具有富Fe、Ti、MgO和SiO2不饱和的特点;矿石矿物钛磁铁矿TiO2含量0.415%~23.69%,FeO含量为69.7%~96.18%,Cr2O3含量为0.062%~0.761%。研究表明,南秦岭花桥钛磁铁矿是扬子陆块北缘早古生代幔源低程度部分熔融产物上侵分凝成矿作用的产物。     

南秦岭地区花桥富碱辉长岩地球化学特征及其含矿性

南秦岭花桥钛磁铁矿床赋矿岩石为富碱辉长岩,含矿岩相主要为黑云母辉石岩,岩石由含钛普通辉石和黑云母组成。含矿辉长岩体属典型钠质型碱性岩类,Na2O>K2O,Na2O/K2O值在2.55~5.23之间,碱度率在1.24~1.29之间,MgO含量为5.32%~6.74%,TiO2含量为3.82%~5.84%,Al2O3含量为13.27%~15.06%;属富铁质系列,m/f值为0.37~0.56。在FeO-MgO-Al2O3图解上判别为大陆板内环境。稀土元素总量相对较高,轻稀土元素富集显著,有弱的正Eu异常。花桥钛磁铁矿矿石具有富Fe、Ti、MgO和SiO2不饱和的特点;矿石矿物钛磁铁矿TiO2含量0.415%~23.69%,FeO含量为69.7%~96.18%,Cr2O3含量为0.062%~0.761%。研究表明,南秦岭花桥钛磁铁矿是扬子陆块北缘早古生代幔源低程度部分熔融产物上侵分凝成矿作用的产物。     

老挝帕莱通铁矿床西矿段磁铁矿地球化学特征及其成矿意义

帕莱通铁矿床是老挝万象—呵叻中新生代盆地中最大规模的铁矿床,分为东、西2个矿段,西矿段为豆状、块状富磁铁矿矿体,东部则主要发育角砾状贫赤铁矿矿体。其中,西矿段主要产于新生代富铁质玄武岩中。文章对西矿段中豆状、块状磁铁矿进行了详细的野外地质调查和显微结构分析,发现块状磁铁矿具有细粒他形结构特征,豆状磁铁矿具有球粒同心圆状结构特征。对较为新鲜的磁铁矿进行电子探针(EPMA)以及激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱(LA-ICP-MS)分析显示:帕莱通铁矿床磁铁矿TiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO三角图落入岩浆岩区域;微量元素富集V、Ti、Cr、Co、Ni及Ga等元素,亏损Sr、Ba及Mg等不相容元素;w(Co)和w(Ni)较高,且较高的Ni/Co比值可以反映成因与深源物质;w(Ti)较高且Ni/Cr比值≤1,在Ti-Ni/Cr图中落入了热液型磁铁矿的范围;Ga-Sn图解表明磁铁矿属于斑岩型热液成因;(Ca+Al+Mn)-(Ti+V)或Ni/(Cr+Mn)-(Ti+V)成因判别图显示该矿床兼具Kiruna型和斑岩型矿床的特征;w(V)表明磁铁矿在较低氧化环境中形成;(Al+Mn)-(Ti+V)形成温度判别图表明磁铁矿形成温度处于300～500℃范围内。文章认为帕莱通铁矿床成矿物质主要源于岩浆演化作用形成的富铁流体,后期由于岩浆热液流体的交代作用,使得磁铁矿具有了热液成因的特征。岩浆型矿床类型在老挝及邻区分布较为广泛,研究帕莱通铁矿的成因,对于总结区域成矿规律,指导同类型矿床找矿预测具有重要意义。     

滇东南都龙锡锌铟多金属矿床磁铁矿矿物化学组成特征及其对成矿作用的约束

都龙锡锌铟多金属矿床位于著名的滇东南钨锡多金属成矿区之老君山矿集区,成矿与白垩纪大规模花岗岩活动关系密切,沿隐伏花岗岩接触带周边发育石榴子石、透辉-透闪石等矽卡岩蚀变和条带状(似层状)、脉状(囊状)的锡石、闪锌矿及磁铁矿、辉钼矿、黄铁黄铜矿等矿化,形成超大规模的岩浆热液-矽卡岩成矿系统。野外观测及研究发现,早期(矽卡岩期)高温阶段形成的磁铁矿可分为I阶段交代型磁铁矿(I-Mag)和II阶段充填型磁铁矿(II-Mag)两类:前者多呈囊状、条带状,与矽卡岩矿物共生;后者为脉状,与金属硫化矿物共生。利用ICP-AES、ICP-MS对两类磁铁矿进行主、微量元素测试,从I-Mag到II-Mag,Si、Ca、Mn及ΣREE、Pb、Zn、Ti含量增加,Mg及Sn、W、In、V、Cr、Ga含量减少,REE配分型式也由平缓向右倾的逐渐变化。TiO 2-Al 2 O 3-(MgO+MnO)、(Ti+V)-(Ca+Al+Mn)、Ni/Cr-Ti、(Ti+V)-Ni/(Cr+Mn)成因判别图解表明,磁铁矿属岩浆热液-矽卡岩成因类型;Ti、V与Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta,以及Y/Ho(24~3414)、Ni/Co(<2→>2)、Ti/V(<25→>25)、Hf/Zr(003~006→004~005)存在着线性关系和规律变化特征,指示两类型磁铁矿具有相同的物质来源,为同一成矿过程不同阶段的产物。而代表成矿流体REE组成的II-Mag的REE组成继承了老君山花岗岩REE配分趋势和Eu负异常特征,表明磁铁矿与白垩纪老君山花岗岩具有一致的物质来源。Cr-V、(Ti+V)-(Al+Mn)、Ga-Mg及Ga-Sn图解显示相同的成因类型和一致的线性关系,指示磁铁矿主体形成于较高氧逸度和温度(约300℃)的成矿环境下,并且从I-Mag到II-Mag,存在着氧逸度逐渐升高、温度逐渐降低的演化趋势。     

Postcumulus modification of magnetite grains in the upper zone of the Bushveld Complex,South Africa

A detailed electron microprobe study has been made of magnetite grains from magnetitite layer 1 of the upper zone of the Bushveld Complex, in order to establish if there is any evidence for postcumulus processes having affected magnetite compositions. Representative composition profiles obtained from detailed step traverses are presented for touching magnetite grains and where magnetite is in contact with either ilmenite or plagioclase.Magnetite grains in all textural settings are compositionally heterogeneous. Touching magnetite grains display systematic compositional zonations: the rims of grains show a marked decrease in Al and Mg towards the grain boundary; the cores are characterised by a distinctive peak and trough pattern for these elements. These variations can be related to the positions of exsolved phases. Exsolutions in the cores are either pleonaste or an Fe³⁺ bearing AlMg spinel, whereas those at the grain boundaries are generally more Al-rich and include corundum. Similar exsolution related compositional variations for Mg and Al were found in magnetites in contact with ilmenite and plagioclase.A model has been developed which illustrates the possible sequence of postcumulus events during the interval between accumulation of the magnetite and the cessation of subsolidus reactions. The essential feature of the model is the delicate interplay between depletion of the host magnetite by corundum, pleonaste and the Fe³⁺ bearing AlMg spinel exsolutions, and diffusion of Al and Mg into the depleted areas from the surrounding magnetite.Data for Cr contents in magnetites show that although this particular trace element is apparently resistant to redistribution by exsolution processes, it is affected by subsolidus re-equilibration between magnetite and ilmenite, or magnetite and intercumulus liquid.     

西藏列廷冈铁多金属矿床磁铁矿元素地球化学特征及地质意义

西藏列廷冈矿床是林周盆地Fe-Mo-Cu-Pb-Zn矿集区内近年来新发现不久、规模较大的矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床。矿区磁铁矿发育,主要包括块状、浸染状和脉状3种类型。基于详细的野外地质调查和室内矿相学研究,将矿床成矿期划分为矽卡岩期和热液期2期,进而划分为5个成矿阶段:早期矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、早期热液阶段、石英-硫化物阶段和碳酸盐阶段,其中,块状磁铁矿主要形成于退化蚀变阶段,浸染状和脉状磁铁矿主要形成于早期热液阶段。以磁铁矿为主要研究对象,采用电子探针(EPMA)和单矿物微量稀土元素ICP-MS分析实验,重点对磁铁矿元素地球化学特征、成因矿物学进行系统研究。研究结果表明,3种不同类型磁铁矿内均含Ti、Si、Ca等次要元素以及Na、K、Cr、Ni、Co、Pb、Ba、Sn、Sr、Sb、Cu等多种可检测到的微量元素,且矿物内主要发生了Al、Mg、Mn等元素的类质同像置换,综合TiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO、TiO_2-Al_2O_3-(MgO+Mn O)和(Ca+Al+Mn)-(Ti+V)、Ni/(Cr+Mn)-(Ti+V)等多种磁铁矿成因判别图解投图结果及矿体野外宏观地质特征,表明矿区磁铁矿均为热液成因。块状磁铁矿具明显的Eu正异常,浸染状和脉状磁铁矿具Eu负异常,均无明显Ce异常特征,表明富Eu成矿流体在矽卡岩期的高温氧化环境下形成了矽卡岩型块状磁铁矿体,在热液期则逐渐转变为低温还原环境,形成浸染状和脉状磁铁矿及多种金属硫化物,且铁的物质来源主要与矿区花岗闪长岩和花岗斑岩紧密相关。     

西昆仑塔什库尔干叶里克铁矿成因:矿床地质与磁铁矿LA-ICP-MS原位分析约束

新疆塔什库尔干铁矿带是我国西部地区新近发现的重要富铁矿带.叶里克铁矿是该成矿带大型铁矿床之一,对该矿床成因方面的研究尚在起步阶段.通过对叶里克铁矿开展矿床地质研究与磁铁矿LA-ICP-MS原位分析,结果表明矿体产于布伦阔勒变质火山-沉积岩中,矿体与围岩产状基本一致,具有明显的层控特征.稠密浸染状或块状富矿体中磁铁矿主要有两种产出形式:与硬石膏或与方解石共生.这两类磁铁矿中多数微量元素含量较均一,如Mg（119×10-6~313×10-6）、Al（692×10-6~1 034×10-6）、Ti（540×10-6~840×10-6）、V（3 340×10-6~3 971×10-6）、Mn（950×10-6~1 160×10-6）、Co（4×10-6~5×10-6）、Ni（52×10-6~64×10-6）、Zn（84×10-6~143×10-6）、以及Ga（26×10-6~31×10-6）,并与高温热液中磁铁矿类似;磁铁矿Al、Ti、V含量高,Ni/Cr比高以及Ti/V比低揭示出其形成于相对还原、富Al、Ti的海底高温热液体系且沉积环境稳定.（Al+Mn）-（Ti+V）特征指示其形成温度在300~500 ℃之间.与硬石膏共生的磁铁矿比与方解石共生的磁铁矿具有相对高的Ti（前者平均690×10-6,后者平均574×10-6）、P（从27×10-6骤降到7×10-6）含量,低的Ca含量（从36×10-6骤升到203×10-6）并亏损Zr、Hf、Sc、Ta等高场强元素,指示前者形成于更剧烈的热液活动中,并且硬石膏磁铁矿在热液作用过程中多数Ca离子进入硬石膏晶格中,造成磁铁矿Ca含量降低.综合区域地质、矿床地质及磁铁矿组成等多种证据,表明叶里克铁矿形成于早寒武世的海底高温热液系统.铁矿形成与原特提斯洋南向俯冲引发的火山弧岩浆作用有关,属于海相火山岩型铁矿.      

Trace Element Geochemistry of Magnetite from the Fe(-Cu) Deposits in the Hami Region, Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, NW China

Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry(LA–ICP–MS) was used to determine the trace element concentrations of magnetite from the Heifengshan, Shuangfengshan, and Shaquanzi Fe(–Cu) deposits in the Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt. The magnetite from these deposits typically contains detectable Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Ga. The trace element contents in magnetite generally vary less than one order of magnitude. The subtle variations of trace element concentrations within a magnetite grain and between the magnetite grains in the same sample probably indicate local inhomogeneity of ore–forming fluids. The variations of Co in magnetite between samples are probably due to the mineral proportion of magnetite and pyrite. Factor analysis has discriminated three types of magnetite: Ni–Mn–V–Ti(Factor 1), Mg–Al–Zn(Factor 2), and Ga– Co(Factor 3) magnetite. Magnetite from the Heifengshan and Shuangfengshan Fe deposits has similar normalized trace element spider patterns and cannot be discriminated according to these factors. However, magnetite from the Shaquanzi Fe–Cu deposit has affinity to Factor 2 with lower Mg and Al but higher Zn concentrations, indicating that the ore–forming fluids responsible for the Fe–Cu deposit are different from those for Fe deposits. Chemical composition of magnetite indicates that magnetite from these Fe(–Cu) deposits was formed by hydrothermal processes rather than magmatic differentiation. The formation of these Fe(–Cu) deposits may be related to felsic magmatism.     

In-situ LA–ICP-MS trace elemental analyses of magnetite: The late Palaeoproterozoic Sokoman Iron Formation in the Labrador Trough,Canada

The Sokoman Iron Formation in the Labrador Trough, Canada, a typical granular iron formation (GIF), is coeval with the ~ 1.88 Ga Nimish volcanic suites in the same region. It is composed of the Lower, Middle and Upper Iron Formations. In addition to primary and altered magnetite in iron formations of the Hayot Lake, Rainy Lake and Wishart Lake areas, magnetite in volcanic breccia associated with the iron formation is identified for the first time in the stratigraphy. Trace elemental compositions of the most primary, altered and volcanic brecciated magnetite of the Sokoman Iron Formation were obtained by LA–ICP-MS. Commonly detected trace elements of magnetite include Ti, Al, Mg, Mn, V, Cr, Co and Zn. These three types of magnetite have different trace elemental compositions. Primary magnetite in the iron formation has a relatively narrow range of compositions with the depletion of Ti, Pb, Mg and Al. Magnetite from volcanic breccia is rich in Ti, Al, V, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cu and Pb, indicative of crystallization from mantle-derived magmas. Altered magnetite in the iron formation shows a relatively wide range of trace elemental compositions. Mineralizing fluids associated with magmas that generated the ~ 1.88 Ga Nimish volcanic suites circulated through the sedimentary piles to further enrich the iron formations and to form magnetite with variable compositions. The comparisons of different types of primary and altered magnetite in the iron formation in the region show distinct provenance discrimination. Our findings also support the origin of iron formations in association with multiple stages of exhalative volcanic and hydrothermal processes.     

Characteristic elemental compositions of the Yangtze River and Yellow River surface sediments and their geological background

Significant differences are noticed in major and trace element compositions between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River surface sediments.The former sediments are rich in some major elements such as K,Fe,Mg,Al,and most of the trace elements which show wide variations in element concentrations,whereas the Yellow River sediments only have higher Ca,Na,Sr,Ba,Th,Ga,Zr,Hf contents and show slight variations in element contents.In the Yangtze River Basin are widely distributed intermediate-acid igneous rocks and complicated source rocks together with strong chemical weathering which determine the elemental compositions of the Yangtze River sediments,while the elemental compositions of the Yellow River sediments are decided by the chemical composition of loess from the Loess Plateau and intense physical weatering.Cu,Zn,Sc,Ti,Fe,V,Ni,Cr,Co,Li and Be can be used to distinguish the Yangtze River sediments from te Yellow River sediments and be treated as tracers for both the sediments to study the processes of their mixing and diffusion in the coastal zones of China.     

Geochemistry of surface sediments in the southwestern East/Japan Sea

We analyzed 77 surface sediment samples collected in the southwestern East/Japan Sea from the Korea Strait through the Ulleung Basin and the Korea Plateau for grain size, calcium carbonate, organic carbon, and major (Na, Mg, Al, Fe, K, Ca, and Ti) and trace elements (P, Mn, Sr, Li, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Pb).The chemical composition of the surface sediments was found to be highly variable spatially. Cluster analysis of surface sediment chemical compositions indicated five major geochemical sedimentary environments: basin, lower slope, coast and upper slope, inner shelf, and outer shelf. Continental-shelf sediments were rich in shell fragments and had relict and coarse-grained characteristics. Recent fine-grained sediments were only distributed in coastal, slope, and basin areas. Concentrations of Al, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, and Sc were highest in the coastal and upper slope areas and decreased with water depth. Elemental ratios using major and trace elements indicated that coastal and upper slope detrital sediments were mixtures of sediments derived from the Changjiang (Yangtze) and Nakdong Rivers. Although the concentrations of organic carbon, P, Mn, V, Co, Ni, Cu, and Pb increased with water depth, their distribution patterns indicated authigenic (V, Cu, and Pb) and diagenetic (Fe, P, Mn, Co, and Ni) origins. The distribution pattern with water depth suggested that the chemical composition of surface sediment was determined by sedimentologic and geochemical processes, such as the supply of detrital and biogenic materials, and authigenic and post-depositional diagenetic processes in sediments.