A paleoclimate record of the last 17,600 years in stalagmites from the B7 cave,Sauerland, Germany

Petrographical and geochemical parameters of stalagmites from the B7 cave in Iserlohn–Letmathe (Northern Rhenish Massif, NW Germany) record Late- and postglacial climate changes (temperature and/or precipitation). Fabrics and microfacies of the stalagmite profiles lead to a differentiation of four hierarchies of rhythms. Clastic layers in the stalagmites are caused by flooding events and are time markers. Twenty-four TIMS Th/U-age-dates provide a time calibration of stalagmite growth phases. One stalagmite reveals an early growth period between 17.6 and 16.7 ka BP. Between 9.6 and 5.5 ka BP (Atlantic episode of the Holocene) the growth rate of the stalagmites was higher than before and after this time, with dominant light-porous microfacial laminae and high δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values representing partly kinetic fractionation effects. This part of the Holocene is interpreted as a mainly warm episode with frequent interruptions of dripping. Within the past 4 ka the profiles with predominant dark compact facies reveal low isotopic values which may be interpreted as a temperature proxy record. The stalagmite records resemble records from an Irish stalagmite. Correlation with the Δ¹⁴C record from European tree rings suggests that colder periods in the North Atlantic were accompanied by drier winters in central Europe.     

文石-方解石石笋U/Th体系的封闭性判断及意义

湖南省龙山县莲花洞两根大型石笋LLl(文石-方解石型)和LL5(文石型)ICP-MS230Th结果表明,82个年龄数据并不完全符合石笋生长层序律.根据U/Th同位素比值、沉积和矿物学特征,分析了同位素体系开放度对建立石笋正确年代学模式的影响.莲花洞LLl石笋全新世以来234U/238U对230Th/238U的比值具有谐和性特征并且230Th年龄层序正常,说明文石矿物基本接近U/Th同位素封闭系统,实测年龄基本可靠.10～40 ka期间234U/238U与230Th/238U离散度较大和矿物具有溶蚀、风化现象,表明体系发生U加入/流失作用.LL5石笋60～80 ka期间封闭性较好,实测年龄可信.上述结果表明,同一洞穴中文石石笋U/Th同位素体系开放度与时间的关系并不是线性关系,沉积时水文和物理化学性质以及随后的保存状况是决定洞穴文石石笋同位素封闭性的关键因素.     

Paleoclimate and growth rates of speleothems in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula over the last two glacial cycles

Speleothem growth requires humid climates sufficiently warm to stimulate soil CO₂ production by plants. We compile 283 U/Th dates on 21 stalagmites from six cave systems in the NW coast of Spain to evaluate if there are patterns in stalagmite growth that are evidence of climatic forcing. In the oldest stalagmites, from marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 7–5, growth persists through the glacial period. Hiatuses and major reductions in growth rate occur during extreme minima in summer insolation. Stalagmites active during the last interglaciation cease growth at the MIS 5–4 boundary (74 ka), when regional sea-surface temperature cooled significantly. During MIS 3, only two stalagmites grew; rates were highest between 50 and 60 ka during the maximum in summer insolation. One stalagmite grew briefly at 41 ka, 36.5 and 28.6 ka, all during warm phases of the Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles. A pronounced Holocene optimum in stalagmite growth occurs from 9 to 6 ka. The cessation of most growth by 4.1 ka, coincident with broad increases in aridity over the Mediterranean and areas influenced by the North African Monsoon, suggest that regions such as NW Spain, with dominant Atlantic moisture sources, also experienced increased aridity at this time.     

早全新世季风演化的高分辨率石笋δ18O记录研究--以河南老母洞石笋为例

基于豫西老母洞LM2石笋8个高精度230Th年龄,449个氧碳同位素,建立了达十年际分辨率的8.2~10.9 ka B.P.亚洲季风变化的δ18O记录序列.老母洞石笋δ18O值最为偏负达-12.0‰,最偏正为-8.2‰,振幅达3.8‰.早全新世10.13~10.9 ka B.P.时段内,河南西部老母洞石笋和东石崖石笋,陕西九仙洞C996-2石笋δ18O曲线揭示该时段内季风稳定,而中国南方的衙门洞石笋、三宝洞石笋和极地冰芯GRIP记录揭示该时段季风逐渐增强;同时季风达到顶峰的时期也不相同,进一步说明中国南北方早全新世10.13~10.9 ka B.P.时段季风演变过程的差异,可能与中国南北方气候的响应机制有关.从早全新世平均分辨率10年的LM2石笋记录中识别出8.2 ka,9.5 ka,10.2 ka和10.9 ka显著弱季风事件,尤其是8.2 ka和9.5 ka事件.对比分析老母洞与已发表的高分辨率石笋δ18O记录发现:石笋所揭示的某些冷事件发生时间在亚洲季风区存在差异,主要表现在事件内部变化特征及趋势上.LM2石笋δ18O曲线并没有明显记录9.3 ka弱季风事件,而是在9.3~9.6 ka B.P.左右记录了一个弱季风事件,与DSY09(2009)、Y1、HS-4记录相似,表明在该时段内存在季风的减弱事件,但是氧同位素传输的复杂性,使其在南北方表现不同.此外,在LM2石笋δ18O的8.2 ka B.P.开始时段,氧同位素曲线阶段性下降,且变幅达3‰,与Zhang等研究万象洞石笋提出的“中国8 200阶段”吻合,表明中国北方地区的8.2 ka事件是阶段性的事件,而南方的石笋氧同位素记录揭示的8.2 ka事件并未表现出阶段性特征,其原因有待于更多北方高精度石笋记录来进一步研究.LM2石笋氧同位素记录进行功率谱分析发现:在短尺度上季风变化与太阳活动密切相关,这与近年来对早全新世极端气候变化研究的驱动机制是一致的,早全新世亚洲季风的演化与太阳活动变化引起的太阳辐射能量的变化和北半球高纬气候的变化状况有关.     

川东北石笋记录的38～39 ka B.P.活动事件

通过川东北诺水河溶洞群石笋的年代学分析,发现多支时代跨越35～ 40kaB. P.的石笋记录了发生时间在38～ 39 kaB. P.的事件: 有的石笋发育中断,有的石笋生长轴心发生了变化,有的石笋则刚刚开始发育。初步的证据显示该事件不是气候成因所为,也不像由于洞穴局部塌陷引起。考虑到秦岭山地是新构造活动十分发育的地区,为此我们推测该事件很可能与某一次构造活动有关,也可能是由一次大规模重力地貌过程(如滑坡)造成。因此,洞穴沉积物(包括石笋、石钟乳和流石等)可望为川东北地区的新构造活动尤其是地震事件研究提供一种新的依据。      

中全新世云南寻甸地区气候演化与冷干事件的石笋记录

通过对云南寻甸XR1石笋进行TIMS-U系测年、氧碳同位素和沉积速率变化分析,重建了寻甸地区中全新世季风气候演化模式:(1)8.0～6.0 ka BP为温暖湿润期;(2)6.0～5.1 ka BP为气候突变期,温湿向冷干转变;(3)5.1～2.1 ka BP为气候恢复期,气候从冷干逐渐恢复到中全新世正常的气候水平.XR...     

Paleoclimate reconstruction in the Levant region from the geochemistry of a Holocene stalagmite from the Jeita cave, Lebanon

Dated oxygen and carbon isotopic profiles from a Holocene stalagmite (11.9–1.1 ka) from the Jeita cave, Lebanon, are compared to variations in crystallographic habit, stalagmite diameter and growth rate. The profiles show generally high δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values during the late-glacial period, low values during the early Holocene, and again high values after 5.8 ka. On the basis of the good correlation between the morphological and crystallographic aspect of the stalagmite and its isotopic records, as well as the isotopic response of speleothems from central and northern Israel, we relate high δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values to drier conditions. Between 6.5 and 5.8 ka an increase in isotopic values, a decrease in growth rate and stalagmite diameter suggest a transition from wet conditions in the early Holocene towards drier conditions in the mid-Holocene. The transition occurred in two steps, first a progressive change to drier conditions started at 6.5 ka but was interrupted by a short ( 100 years) return to wetter conditions, followed by an equally rapid (< 200 years) change to drier conditions.     

Episodes of late Holocene aridity recorded by stalagmites from Devil's Icebox Cave, central Missouri, USA

Two stalagmites from Devil's Icebox Cave, central Missouri, display similar δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values and trends during the late Holocene. Positive δ¹³C excursions at 3.5-2.6 ka and 1.2-0.9 ka are interpreted to reflect drier conditions. These elevated stalagmite δ¹³C values could have plausibly been driven by increasing C₄ plant abundances over the cave or an increased contribution of bedrock carbon, both of which could reflect decreased effective moisture. A lack of corresponding oxygen isotopic anomalies during these intervals suggests that neither mean annual temperature nor the seasonality of precipitation changed concomitantly with dryness. Both of the δ¹³C excursions identified in our stalagmite record are roughly coincident with dry intervals from a number of sites located across the Great Plains.     

贵州荔波董歌洞较老石笋ICP-MS~(230)Th测年研究及古气候应用

石笋记录研究的进展与测年技术的发展密不可分,测年新技术的突破不断推动利用石笋重建古气候研究的飞速前进。在利用石笋进行古气候重建过程中,建立精确的时标是首要条件。通过对较老(>250ka)石笋的ICP-MS230Th测年研究,发现贵州荔波董歌洞D6、D7、D9石笋具有比较连续的高分辨记录,最老年龄超过400ka,通过230Th测年数据的分析为建立我国西南地区500ka以来标准剖面打下基础;对董歌洞3根大型石笋135个230Th年龄数据及生长速率的分析研究,发现石笋生长速率在大尺度的变化上与海洋沉积SPECMAP曲线δ18O记录有很好的负相关关系,并与北纬25°夏季太阳辐射能量变化曲线呈一定的正相关关系,石笋生长速率的变化在间冰期处于高值,而在冰期时为低值,在间冰期和冰期转化阶段生长速率呈跳跃式变化。通过生长速率变化分析表明,石笋生长速率记录了过去突变冷暖事件的变化,因此可以作为一个有意义的环境记录替代指标来研究古降水及古气候变化。     

The significance of chemical,isotopic, and detrital components in three coeval stalagmites from the superhumid southernmost Andes (53°S) as high-resolution palaeo-climate proxies

Stalagmites are important palaeo-climatic archives since their chemical and isotopic signatures have the potential to record high-resolution changes in temperature and precipitation over thousands of years. We present three U/Th-dated records of stalagmites (MA1–MA3) in the superhumid southern Andes, Chile (53°S). They grew simultaneously during the last five thousand years (ka BP) in a cave that developed in schist and granodiorite. Major and trace elements as well as the C and O isotope compositions of the stalagmites were analysed at high spatial and temporal resolution as proxies for palaeo-temperature and palaeo-precipitation. Calibrations are based on data from five years of monitoring the climate and hydrology inside and outside the cave and on data from 100 years of regional weather station records.Water-insoluble elements such as Y and HREE in the stalagmites indicate the amount of incorporated siliciclastic detritus. Monitoring shows that the quantity of detritus is controlled by the drip water rate once a threshold level has been exceeded. In general, drip rate variations of the stalagmites depend on the amount of rainfall. However, different drip-water pathways above each drip location gave rise to individual drip rate levels. Only one of the three stalagmites (MA1) had sufficiently high drip rates to record detrital proxies over its complete length. Carbonate-compatible element contents (e.g. U, Sr, Mg), which were measured up to sub-annual resolution, document changes in meteoric precipitation and related drip-water dilution. In addition, these soluble elements are controlled by leaching during weathering of the host rock and soils depending on the pH of acidic pore waters in the peaty soils of the cave’s catchment area. In general, higher rainfall resulted in a lower concentration of these elements and vice versa. The Mg/Ca record of stalagmite MA1 was calibrated against meteoric precipitation records for the last 100 years from two regional weather stations. Carbonate-compatible soluble elements show similar patterns in the three stalagmites with generally high values when drip rates and detrital tracers were low and vice versa. δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values are highly correlated in each stalagmite suggesting a predominantly drip rate dependent kinetic control by evaporation and/or outgassing. Only C and O isotopes from stalagmite MA1 that received the highest drip rates show a good correlation between detrital proxy elements and carbonate-compatible elements. A temperature-related change in rainwater isotope values modified the MA1 record during the Little Ice Age (～0.7–0.1 ka BP) that was ～1.5 °C colder than today. The isotopic composition of the stalagmites MA2 and MA3 that formed at lower drip rates shows a poor correlation with stalagmite MA1 and all other chemical proxies of MA1. ‘Hendy tests’ indicate that the degassing-controlled isotope fractionation of MA2 and MA3 had already started at the cave roof, especially when drip rates were low. Changing pathways and residence times of the seepage water caused a non-climatically controlled isotope fractionation, which may be generally important in ventilated caves during phases of low drip rates. Our proxies indicate that the Neoglacial cold phases from ～3.5 to 2.5 and from ～0.7 to 0.1 ka BP were characterised by 30% lower precipitation compared with the Medieval Warm Period from 1.2 to 0.8 ka BP, which was extremely humid in this region.     

桂林水南洞1号石笋的沉积年代学研究

通过综合研究广西桂林盘龙洞1、2号、响水岩1号石笋,年龄分别为3万a,＞35万a,5．6万a;贵州荔波董歌洞3、4号、衙门洞1号石笋,年龄分别为16．3万～9．1万a,15．5万a,5．3万～0．7万a;都匀七星洞14、16号石笋,年龄分别为6．4万～1．9万,18．9万～14．9万a;湘西莲花洞1、5号石笋,年龄分别为6万～21a,8万～6万a。这些1．2～4 m高的巨型石笋,沉积旋回、纹(微)层、层面构造等特征,都很有典型性和代表性。根据石笋的宏观、微观沉积特征和系统测年,拟逐步取代测年精度不高的现行第四纪地质年表。笔者以水南洞1号石笋11个沉积旋回及其相关沉积特征为基础,采用TIMS-U系方法测年,精度高,作为桂林地区距今25万～15万a的地质年表。居于第四纪下限趋向＞250万a,建议以20万前后作为第四纪晚更新世与中更新世的断代分界,该分界处于石笋第3次沉积间断,期间形成厚达3 mm的风化壳,上下物质结构构造有显著差异。11个沉积旋回中,凡寒冷期沉积的碳和氧同位素都偏重,极值都是转冷的跃(突)变点,或沉积间断面。11次沉积间断时间长、短差别大,其中第3次、第9次分别为2万a、2千a。这些综合地质、气候信息在1号石笋纵剖面上呈协调显示,是重建古气候环境的可信依据。     

Holocene and latest Pleistocene climate and glacier fluctuations in Iceland

Multiproxy climate records from Iceland document complex changes in terrestrial climate and glacier fluctuations through the Holocene, revealing some coherent patterns of change as well as significant spatial variability. Most studies on the Last Glacial Maximum and subsequent deglaciation reveal a dynamic Iceland Ice Sheet (IIS) that responded abruptly to changes in ocean currents and sea level. The IIS broke up catastrophically around 15 ka as the Polar Front migrated northward and sea level rose. Indications of regional advance or halt of the glaciers are seen in late Alleröd/early Younger Dryas time and again in PreBoreal time. Due to the apparent rise of relative sea level in Iceland during this time, most sites contain evidence for fluctuating, tidewater glacier termini occupying paleo fjords and bays. The time between the end of the Younger Dryas and the Preboreal was characterized by repeated jökulhlaups that eroded glacial deposits. By 10.3 ka, the main ice sheet was in rapid retreat across the highlands of Iceland. The Holocene thermal maximum (HTM) was reached after 8 ka with land temperatures estimated to be 3 °C higher than the 1961–1990 reference, and net precipitation similar to modern. Such temperatures imply largely ice-free conditions across Iceland in the early to mid-Holocene. Several marine and lacustrine sediment climate proxies record substantial summer temperature depression between 8.5 and 8 ka, but no moraines have been detected from that time. Termination of the HTM and onset of Neoglacial cooling took place sometime after 6 ka with increased glacier activity between 4.5 and 4.0 ka, intensifying between 3.0 and 2.5 ka. Although a distinct warming during the Medieval Warm Period is not dramatically apparent in Icelandic records, the interval from ca AD 0 to 1200 is commonly characterized by relative stability with slow rates of change. The literature most commonly describes Little Ice Age moraines (ca AD 1250–1900) as representing the most extensive ice margins since early Holocene deglaciation, with temperature depressions of 1–2 °C compared to the AD 1961–1990 average. Steep north–south and west–east temperature gradients are reconstructed in the Holocene records of Iceland, suggesting a strong maritime influence on the terrestrial climate of Iceland.     

Paleoenvironmental changes in the northern shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk during the Holocene

The combined micropaleontological (spores and pollen, diatoms, benthic foraminifers), lithologic, and isotopic-geochemical analysis of sediments from the northern shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk recovered by hydrostatic corer from the depth of 140 mbsl elucidated environmental changes in this part of the basin and adjacent land areas during the last 12.7 thousands cal. years. Geochronological scale of the core is established using the acceleration mass-spectrometry method for radiocarbon dating of benthic Foraminifera tests. The first insignificant warming in the northern part of the sea after glaciation occurred in the mid-Boreal time (9.6 ka ago) but not at the onset of the Holocene. The strongest warming in the region took place in the mid-Atlantic epoch to reach climatic optimum in the second half of the Subboreal (6 to 2.5 ka ago). A cooling in the northern shelf and adjacent land areas is established at the beginning of the Subatlantic (2.5 ka). A comparison of results obtained for Core 89211 with dated hydrological and climatic changes in central and southern parts of the Sea of Okhotsk (Gorbarenko et al., 2003, 2004) is used for a high-resolution analysis of climatic fluctuations in the study region and other areas of the basin during deglaciation and the Holocene.     

黔桂地区最近16万年高分辨率石笋记录的气候事件

全球变化研究是当今地球科学最前沿的课题。要了解地球系统长期演变的动力过程 ,预测未来气候变化 ,就必须首先研究和重建最后 2次冰期高分辨率的气候变化历史。本项研究选择中国南方广西、贵州地区几个大型石笋 ,在沉积学研究的基础上 ,采用碳氧稳定同位素、α谱U系法、TIMSU系 (2 3 0 Th/2 3 4U)法等方法提取高分辨率的气候记录。本区 16万年来石笋气候记录可以与海洋记录的16阶段进行对比。末次冰期的起始点及终止点通过石笋记录分别确定为 (130 1± 1 0 )kaB P 及(11 2± 0 1)kaB P ,其准确性大大高于目前其它记录。所揭示的Heinrich型气候波动事件 ,其时限分别为 :H114～ 15kaB P ,H2 2 1～ 2 3kaB P ,H32 5～ 2 7kaB P ,H44 1～ 42kaB P ,另外在 35～ 37kaB P 也存在振幅很大的冷事件 ,与北大西洋沉积及格陵兰冰芯记录可以逐一对比。长周期的气候旋回以及短期的突变事件 ,在时限上所谓存在几千年以上滞后或超前 ,可能是测试方法和测试对象的不同带来的差错 (包括测试误差 ) ;具有全球意义的一些气候突变事件 ,在发生的时间上可能都具有同时性。这种短期突变事件发生的动力机制问题 ,可能也是目前人类尚未识别出来的天文因素的驱动所致。     

贵州荔波董哥洞3号石笋的同位素年龄及古气候信息

石笋是岩溶记录中最全面、最系统的古气候环境信息库,研究表明,洞穴内、外环境变化,都不同程度地显示在石笋的组成、结构构造、沉积 (生长 )纹层及其层面构造、沉积速率和古气候环境变化等方面。利用洞穴石笋保存的信息重建古环境,是近 2 0年来的热门课题之一。当前全球气候变化预测研究中,洞穴石笋的高分辨率定年和碳、氧同位素组成的变化规律,为这个领域的突破和填补空白作出了重大贡献。本文通过对荔波董哥洞 3号石笋进行热电离质谱 (TIMS)U-系测年及碳氧同位素分析,获得了距今 16.33万年至 9.13万年的古气候信息。石笋在大于 16.33万年前开始生长,9.13万年后停止生长,平均沉积速率为 2.87mm/ 100a(未扣出间断时间 ),属中更新世的产物。其年龄与δ18O的变化可与深海岩芯V2 8～ 2 38同位素记录所揭示的第五和第六阶段以及与北方离石黄土层 (L2 )和下马兰黄土第一古土壤层 (S1)进行对比。它反映此阶段区内经历了寒冷和温暖 (间夹冷期 )等气候变化,与全球古气候变化波动基本一致,同时也存在地区性的气候变化。     

贵州荔波第四纪晚近期石笋地质年表与气候事件

南方岩溶区大型石笋年代地层学研究表明石笋是第四纪 (系 )研究的主要对象之一 ,石笋比其他第四纪沉积物更易高精度定年。贵州荔波地区以 6 8个TIMS U系正序平行测年 ,建立了第四纪晚近期 16 2 .3ka以来的地质年表 ,确定全新世与晚更新世以 9.36 3ka分界 ,而晚更新世与中更新世以12 8.5ka分界 ,提出距今 35 0年、2 30 0年……和新仙女木、类Heinrich等一系列冷事件的跃变年代 ,事件的冷暖转 (突 )变时限具区域对比意义。认定应以大型石笋系统测年建立第四纪地质年表 ,不宜用少数测年值按 2～ 3个沉积速率推算建年表 ,亦不宜以小型石笋“系统”测年建年表 ,以免因间断沉积造成自然的、人为的缺层和漏测 ,使年表失实。     

桂林地区水南洞14～25万年石笋的碳氧同位素记录和古气候重建

通过对桂林水南洞石笋进行高精度的热电离质谱(TIMS－U)测年和碳氧同位素分析,建立了桂林地区245.20 ka BP至147.90 ka BP间的古气候变化时间序列,确定了石笋记录的时段B与时段C分界的年龄为242.5±6.4 ka BP(相当于深海岩芯氧同位素标准曲线时段7与时段8分界的年龄)、时段A与时段B分界的年龄为 192.6±3.9 ka BP(相当于深海岩芯氧同位素标准曲线时段6与时段7分界的年龄)。桂林地区245.20～147.90 ka BP石笋记录的冷暖事件所反映出的古气候变化,大致可分为3个气候变化阶段:(1) 245.2～242.6 ka BP, 相当于深海岩芯氧同位素标准曲线阶段8的末期;(2) 242.5～192.6 ka BP,相当于深海岩芯氧同位素标准曲线时段7;(3)192.6～147.9 ka BP间的倒数第2次冰期, 相当于深海岩芯氧同位素标准曲线时段6的早中期。石笋的TIMS－U测年和碳氧同位素记录揭示,桂林地区245.2～147.9 ka BP的古气候演变历史与深海岩芯时段8末期、时段7和时段6的氧同位素,深海岩芯中记录的孢子花粉组合、CaCO3含量、海平面的升降变化以及与中国北方黄土、古土壤中记录的孢子花粉组合、成壤程度、全铁富集程度、磁化率变化、原生碎屑CaCO3含量和淋溶强度等所揭示的古气候和古季风变化具有极好的对应关系,表明桂林地区中更新世晚期以来的古气候演变既有全球性特征,又有着强烈的区域性特征。     

中晚全新世湘西莲花洞石笋旋回沉积速率变化及其古气候意义

石笋旋回沉积速率是按照石笋沉积旋回测年得到的沉积速率,是石笋沉积过程的重要参数和反演古气候变化的有效代用指标。旋回沉积速率的波动可能反应了地表温度和降雨量的变化,与夏季风强度存在关联。文章以湖南湘西莲花洞LH2石笋为材料,利用42个230Th年龄获得的石笋旋回沉积速率序列重建了8.6 ka BP以来湖南湘西地区温度和降雨雨量的变化历史: 8.6-4.2 ka BP期间,气候以高温多雨为特征,夏季风强,石笋生长率高,但气候并不稳定,存在一系列千年-百年尺度的波动;4.2-0.05 ka BP期间,气候整体偏冷干,旋回沉积速率偏低。总体上,在轨道尺度上,LH2石笋的旋回沉积速率与该石笋的δ18O值之间存在负相关关系。旋回沉积速率的重复性检验证明了旋回沉积速率古气候记录的有效性。石笋旋回沉积速率变化主要受北半球夏季太阳辐射量的控制和ITCZ的直接影响,在百年尺度上,旋回沉积速率的波动可能与中晚全新世的弱季风事件存在关联。      

桂林全新世石笋高分辨率δ13C记录及其古生态意义

桂林地区３个石笋分辨率达１０～１００ａ级的δ_１３Ｃ记录表明,全新世时期的古生态可以划分为森林植被由兴盛至退化(气候由暖湿至干凉)的３个旋回。早中期旋回人类活动影响较小,晚期旋回影响大,由于人类持续地对森林的破坏,草类植被得以生长,石漠化增强,石笋的δ_１３Ｃ值急速上升以后,很难再回复到全新世中期的水平。δ_１３Ｃ值大幅度跳跃式的下降,可以确定末次冰期旋回冰消期的终止点,其时限为１０ ７００ａＢ．Ｐ,与δ_１８Ｏ记录完全吻合,也可以与海洋氧同位素以及其它记录进行对比。     

神农架全新世东亚季风演化及其热带辐合带控制*

文章基于湖北神农架山宝洞3支石笋的13个²³⁰Th年龄和505个氧同位素数据,建立了全新世8.45~0.46kaB.P.东亚季风降水序列,其长期演化趋势与33°N夏季太阳辐射能量变化曲线基本一致。神农架山宝洞与阿曼Qunf洞和贵州董哥洞的石笋高分辨率δ¹⁸ O记录整体相关(r 分别为0.75和0.94), 说明全新世东亚季风、印度季风系统的演化主要受控于同一驱动机制,即北半球夏季太阳辐射控制下赤道热带辐合带逐渐南移,导致亚洲季风降水持续减弱。功率谱分析表明:5ka以来山宝洞石笋记录具有显著的550a周期旋回,与树轮Δ¹⁴ C和北大西洋温盐环流周期基本一致。