晚第四纪以来安宁河断裂的构造活动与演化

在进行１：５万地质填图过程中,通过对安宁河断裂区域内晚更新世 一新世地层岩性,岩极及组成的各级地貌特征并结合地层的对年龄测定较为实际的研究与划分了断裂的活动期,次,并据此进一步研究了断裂活动的性质,方式与演化简史。     

Faulting on the Anninghe fault zone, Southwest China in Late Quaternary and its movement model

The Anninghe fault is one of the significant earthquake-generating fault zones in the Southwest China. Local his-torical record shows that a M≥7 strong earthquake occurred in the year of 1536. On the basis of the detailed air-photographic interpretation and field investigation, we have acquired the following knowledge: 1 The average sinistral strike-slip rate since the Late Pleistocene is about 3~7 mm/a; 2 There is important reverse faulting along the fault zone besides the main left-lateral strike-slip motion, and the shortening rate across the Anninghe fault zone due to the reverse faulting is about 1.7~4.0 mm/a. If the Xianshuihe fault zone is simply partitioned into the Anninghe and Daliangshan faults, we can also get a slip rate of 3~7 mm/a along the Daliangshan fault zone, which is the same as that on the Anninghe fault zone. Moreover, on the basis of our field investigation and the latest knowledge concerning the active tectonics of Tibetan crust, we create a dynamic model for the Anninghe fault zone.     

口泉断裂中段晚第四纪最新活动研究

Systematic research of the characteristics of late Quaternary activity of the middle part of Kouquan fault has been done through conducting 1∶50000 geologic mapping combining with remote sensing interpretation of spot imaging, field validating and chronology research of the research area. Studies suggest that the middle part of Kouquan fault has had strong activity since the late Quaternary which controls the tectonic evolvement of the nearby mountains and Datong basin. The recent activity of this fault has faulted the sandy gravel layers of T1 terrace and the lower part of dark loessial soils over the terrace on the north of Chanfang village. The maximum vertical displacement is over 3m in the area between Xiaoyukou village and Louzikou village, and to the south of Dayukou village and the north of Emaokou village, the displacement decreases to 0.5m and 0.25m respectively. Based on the recent faulted landforms and combined with dating, we determined the age of recent activity of the fault in the research area to be between 7.71ka B.P. to 3.00 ka B.P. Discussions are made on this in combination with previous research.     

Activity Feature of Kazkeaerte Fault Zone in the Late Quaternary

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＫａｚｋｅａｅｒｔｅｆａｕｌｔｚｏｎｅａｂｏｕｔ 1 0 0ｋｉｌｏｍｅｔｅｒｓｌｏｎｇ (Ｆｉｇ .1 ) ,ｉｓｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎｌｉｍｂｏｆｔｈｅｌａｔｅｓｔｄｅｆｏｒ ｍａｔｉｏｎｂｅｌｔｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｍａｒｇｉｎｏｆＰａｍｉｒｓ (ＣｈｅｎＪｉｅ ,ｅｔａｌ,1 997) .Ｍａｎｙｍｏｄｅｒａｔｅｌｙｓｔｒｏｎｇｅａｒｔｈ ｑｕａｋｅｓｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄａｌｏｎｇｔｈｉｓｚｏｎｅ (ＦｅｎｇＸｉａｎｙｕｅ ,ｅｔａｌ,1 987) .ＴｈｅｌａｔｅＱｕａｔｅｒｎａｒｙｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ…     

Sequence Stratigraphy Study of the Late Quaternary Activity of the Nankou-Sunhe Fault in Its Northern Segment,Beijing

A test drilling exploration was implemented across the northern segment of the Nankou-Sunhe fault in the Beijing plain, and a combined borehole section was built by sequence stratigraphy, lithologic facies analysis, magnetic susceptibilityand absolute chronology to investigate the episodic activities of the fault since 60 ka BP. The results show that the active stages of the fault are 60 ka to 47 ka BP, 36 ka to 28 ka BP, and 16 ka BP to present. Other intervals are relatively stable. The average vertical slip rate is 0.35 mm/a from 60 ka to 37 ka BP, 0 mm/a from 37 ka to 3：2 ka BP,0.78 mm/a from 32 ka to 12 ka BP,and 0.35 mm/a since 12 ka BP. Compared with the conventional analyses on lithology and sedimentary facies, the sequence stratigraphy method has certain advantages in the studies of borehole strata comparison and episodic activity of buried faults.     

Study of the Late Quaternary Slip Rate Along the Northern Segment on the South Branch of the Longling-Ruili Fault

The Longling-Ruili fault is an important active fault in Southwestern China,striking generally northeast.The fault controls the development of the sedimentary series and magmatic action on its two sides,as well as the development of the Longling basin,Mangshi basin and the Zhefang basin along it.Due to limited Quaternary sediments and harsh natural conditions,the study of late Quaternary fault activity on the northern segment of the Longling-Ruili fault is lacking and the time of the newest faulting and the Quaternary slip rate are not clear at present.Based on the interpretation of remote images,quantitative geomorphologic deformation measurements and dating of young terrace deposits and alluvial fans,this paper obtains some new results as follows.The northern segment of the Longling-Ruili fault is a Holocene dextral strike-slip fault with some component of a normal slip.The terrace T 1 composing mainly of alluvial deposits formed during 4ka B.P.was offset by the northern segment of the Longling-Ruili fault and its left-lateral and its vertical displacements are 8m ～ 12m and 2m,respectively.The late Pleistocene alluvial fan was displaced with a left-lateral and vertical displacement of 70m and 18m,respectively.The strike-slip rate of the Longling-Ruili fault is 2.2mm/a ～ 2.5mm/a and the vertical slip rate is 0.6mm/a since the late Pleistocene epoch.The strike-slip rate of the Longling-Ruili fault is 1.8mm/a ～ 3.0mm/a and vertical slip rate is 0.5mm/a during the Holocene epoch.The proportion of horizontal to vertical displacement is about 4:1,which means that the vertical slip rate on the northern segment of the Longling-Ruili fault is about 25% of the horizontal slip rate.The left-lateral slip rate in the late Holocene is consistent with the GPS measurement.The strike slip rate is of great consistency in different time scales since the late Pleistocene epoch,indicating that the activity of the Longling-Ruili fault is of great stability.     

苏北—滨海断裂北段最新活动时代研究

苏北—滨海断裂在江苏以北的存在与活动性长期以来存在争议。本研究通过小多道地震探测技术,对苏北—滨海断裂北段及附近海域进行探测,识别出4个反射界面,将研究区第四纪地层划分为4个地震层序,分别对应全新世、晚更新世、中更新世和早更新世4个地质时期。对照区域地质构造,对地震剖面断点进行分析,认为断点F1、F2、F3、F4、F8、F9、F10对应为苏北—滨海断裂,断裂错动的最新地层为晚更新世,因此推断苏北—滨海断裂为晚更新世活动断裂。     

礼县-罗家堡断裂带宕昌-黄咀段全新世活动的地貌证据

普遍认为礼县-罗家堡断裂带是一条晚第四纪活动断裂,是1654年天水南8级大地震的发震构造。但该断裂带西段宕昌-黄咀段的活动证据一直以来不是很明确。笔者在进行某项目近场地质调查中,发现一些该断裂段的最新地貌活动证据,认为该断裂段在全新世有过明显活动。     

太行山山前断裂带中北段晚第四纪活动性研究

本文通过浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合剖面探测,对太行山山前断裂中北段内相关断裂的空间位置和晚第四纪活动性进行了探测和研究。综合认为,保定-石家庄断裂和徐水断裂的最新活动时代为晚更新世早期,而徐水南断裂晚更新世以来没有活动。上述断裂的最大潜在地震震级为6.5级。     

玛多-甘德断裂甘德段晚第四纪活动特征

玛多—甘德断裂是巴颜喀拉块体内部的一条活动断裂。 通过野外调查发现, 在玛多-甘德断裂的甘德段保留有一条较好的地震地表破裂带。 破裂带整体走向NW向, 长约为50 km。 野外获得的最大左旋水平位移7.6 m, 最大垂直位移4 m。 沿破裂带有大量地震活动的遗迹, 地表破裂类型十分丰富。 通过对各种地质地貌现象的调查与分析, 认为该破裂带形成时代较新。 断裂带在地貌上发育有线性排列的垭口、 断层三角面、 断层陡坎、 断层泉、 断错水系、 山脊扭错、 断塞塘、 鼓包等现象。 根据野外考察并结合现有资料分析, 该破裂带可能是该区域内历史上一次较为强烈地震的产物。 据此推断, 巴颜喀拉块体内部的玛多—甘德断裂晚第四纪以来可能有过强烈的活动并至今活跃。     

太行山山前断裂带中北段晚第四纪活动性研究

The location and late Quaternary activity of the Central-North Segment of the Taihang Mountains Piedmont fault zone have been studied by shallow seismic survey and combined drill exploration.Our results show that the Baoding-Shijiazhuang fault and the Xushui fault were active in the late Pleistocene,but the south Xushui fault has been inactive since the late Pleistocene.The maximum magnitude of potential earthquake of the faults is 6.0.     

郯庐断裂带新沂－五河段晚第四纪活动的新证据

The Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone has great influence in eastern China. Studies have shown obvious signs of neotectonic activities on the Xinyi-Wuhe segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone. In this study, on the basis of the previous work, many seismological surveys are made along the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone and trenches are excavated in key sites. Combined with the analysis of the seismic activities along the fault, the fault movement features and future seismic risk are discussed. Much first-hand information obtained in the paper can provide an important reference value for the study of large earthquake recurrence rules and the mid and long-term earthquake prediction on the Xinyi-Wuhe segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone.     

五台山北麓断裂繁峙段晚第四纪活动性研究

五台山北麓断裂位于山西地堑系北部。本文以五台山北麓断裂繁峙段的地质地貌为研究对象,分别在繁峙县的大峪村和岗里村两地断裂沿线进行了无人机测量。利用三维结构的运动重建技术(Structure from Motion,SfM)进行影像数据处理,得到高精度点云数据,并通过进一步处理获得了分辨率达0.5m的高清断错地貌正射影像(DOM)和数字高程模型(DEM)。通过对典型地区的详细野外调查和挖掘探槽等手段对该段晚第四纪的活动性进行研究,发现断层晚第四纪以来的活动主要是以正倾滑运动为主。同时在五台山北麓断裂沿线的大峪村、岗里村等地进行了断错地貌分析和晚第四纪滑动速率计算,得到约20ka以来的断层垂向滑动速率为0.4—0.6mm/a,近18ka以来该段发生过至少两次古地震事件。古地震事件和滑动速率分析表明,五台山北麓断裂晚第四纪,尤其是全新世以来活动强烈,且不同段落存在明显的活动性差异。     

天全-荥经断裂晚第四纪活动的地貌证据

天全-荥经断裂是青藏高原东南缘的1条晚第四纪且活动资料较少的断裂,在2008年汶川M 8.0地震之后,龙门山断裂带西南端未来的地震危险性受到关注。对天全-荥经断裂晚第四纪活动特征的获取有助于理解该区地震危险性的评价。通过遥感影像解译,结合野外调查和断错地貌测量,分析了天全-荥经断裂在荥经下坝村至桂花村切过荥经河河谷晚第四纪地貌区的活动证据。断裂沿线形成冲积扇断错、阶地坎断错和断坎等地貌,并沿断裂发育滑坡。晚第四纪以来断裂以左旋走滑活动为主,其中T2/T2'阶地坎被左旋断错22—24m。利用荥经河阶地与青衣江河流阶地对比,认为该断裂20—40ka以来左旋走滑速率为0.6—1.1mm/a。仍需要从古地震等方面开展工作,来进一步确定天全-荥经断裂的地震危险性。     

Late Quaternary surface deformation and rupture behavior of strong earthquake on the segment north of Mianning of the Anninghe fault

The Anninghe fault is an important active fault along the eastern boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan active tectonic block, and the study of its surface deformation and rupture behavior during strong earthquake in the late Quaternary is of fundamental importance for understanding the future seismic risk of the fault zone or even the entire western Sichuan region. Using the methods of detailed geomorphic and geological survey, digital image analysis, total station instrument survey, excavation of combined trench and dating, we analyze the geomorphologic sequences of the offset strata at several sites where the late Quaternary deformation remnants are fairly well preserved and obtain some new results as follows: Strong earthquake events with left-lateral displacements of about 3 m occurred at the two sites of Zimakua and Yejitong at 1634-1811, 1030-1050 and 280-550 a BP, respectively, and the recurrence interval is 520-660 a; The youngest event in the area of Dahaizi-Ganhaizi should be the earthquake of 1536, other events are at 1768-1826, 2755-4108 and 4108-6593 a BP, respectively, with a recurrence interval of 1300-1900 a. The strong earthquake activity shows a clustering character. The possibility of occurrence of a strong earthquake exists on the north segment of the Anninghe fault sometime in the future.     

龙陵-瑞丽断裂北段晚第四纪活动性特征及强震复发间隔

野外地质地貌调查表明,龙陵-瑞丽断裂(南支)北段是以左旋走滑为主兼具一定正断分量的区域性活动断裂.断裂晚更新世以来的平均水平滑动速率为2.2mm/a,平均垂直滑动速率为0.6mm/a;全新世以来的平均水平滑动速率为1.8-3.0mm/a,平均垂直滑动速率为0.5mm/a.断裂在晚更新世以来的滑动速率在不同的时间尺度上变化不大,反映出该断裂晚更新世以来的活动强度比较稳定.利用Poisson模型、Lognormal模型、BPT模型三种概率模型计算获得未来50a强震发震概率分别是:6.32％、0.08％、0.05％;三种模型分别取权重0.28、0.36、0.36,获得龙陵-瑞丽断裂北段未来50a特征地震发震概率为1.82％.     

青藏高原东缘龙日坝断裂带南段晚第四纪活动及其构造意义

因缺少详细的地质调查,关于龙日坝断裂带南段是否具有强烈的晚第四纪活动及其在青藏高原东缘应变分配中承担的作用目前尚不清楚。卫星影像解译和野外调查结果表明龙日坝断裂带南段仅东南支存在晚第四纪活动,全长约50km,总体以右旋走滑为主,兼有逆断分量,全新世以来右旋平均走滑速率约为0.6mm/a,平均垂直滑动速率约为0.4mm/a。龙日坝断裂带南段活动强度较中段明显偏弱,但具备发生M_W7级左右地震的能力,在距今约800年以来曾发生过地表破裂型事件。结合重定位地震结果来看,龙日坝断裂带西侧和龙门山断裂带地震活跃,之间的丹巴地区可能主要表现为褶皱变形而地震活动微弱。青藏高原东缘之下的滑脱面自川西高原到四川盆地从约15km逐渐变深至20km左右,而又变浅,约为10km,这种滑脱面的深度变化可能是龙门山隆升和孕震的驱动机制。这项研究有助于川西地区的地震危险性评价和深入理解青藏高原东缘的应变分配和隆升机制。     

五佛寺断层晚更新世活动段长度及活动方式研究

通过野外地质调查,确定五佛寺、杨窝铺、窑洞水3条断层不构成左阶羽列;五佛寺断层晚更新世活动段展布于石板沟东一大台子北东,长度为8．3km,地质剖面中具有明显的宏观蠕滑特征,室内通过对断层泥进行扫描电镜等显微结构分析发现微观蠕滑特征,因此判断五佛寺断层晚更新世活动段活动方式为蠕滑,断层不会对小观音水库坝址造成影响。     

磁县—大名断裂带西段晚更新世以来活动性研究

1830年河北磁县M7■地震发生于磁县—大名断裂带西段,该断裂地震破裂和活动性的研究受到地震研究者关注。前人研究着眼于1830年磁县大地震的地表破裂,本文的研究重点是磁县—大名断裂带西段晚更新世以来的断层活动性。应用卫片、航片解译和野外地震地质调查等方法开展研究,重要地点进行探槽开挖或野外地质剖面剥落以及采样测年,确定了断层各段落破裂事件的发生年代。该断裂西段分为3个断层段落:F₂为磁县—峰峰段落, F₃为东田井村—陶泉乡段落, F₄为韩家沟村—甘泉村段落。F₂断层段大部分隐伏,为早中更新世断层。F₃断层段东端在东田井村南断错距今22 ka地层,为晚更新世活动断层; F₃断层段在鼓山南山村一带为全新世断层,从张家楼村到陶泉乡为推测全新世活动断层。F₄断层段为全新世断层。F₄断层段全部位于基岩山区,可见多处基岩断面、地震沟槽及断层眉脊等断层破裂;一些破裂面发育地衣——丽石黄衣[Xanthoria elegans(L...