基于DMSP／0LS数据的中国城市化过程研究——反映区域城市化水平的灯光指数的构建

基于DMSP／OLS非辐射定标的夜间灯光平均强度数据构建了一个反映区域城市化水平的灯光指数，并分析了该灯光指数与城市化水平在省级尺度上的相关性。研究表明，灯光指数与反映城市化水平的复合指数存在较高的相关关系，可以用于我国城市化水平及其时空分异分析和城市化进程监测。     

基于DMSP-OLS和MODIS数据的宁夏城市化与生态环境耦合协调分析

科学认识城市化与生态环境耦合协调机制,对推动黄河流域及黄河所经地区生态保护和高质量发展具有重要意义。本文以宁夏回族自治区为例,采用长时间序列DMSP-OLS夜间灯光数据建立了适用于宁夏的城市夜间灯光指数（UNLI）,并利用MOD09A1、MOD11A2提出了一种面向大区域尺度的遥感生态指数（RSEI）构建方法。在此基础上,采用耦合协调度模型（CCDM）,探讨分析了2000—2012年宁夏5个地级市城市化与生态环境耦合协调发展过程。结果表明：①基于DMSP-OLS数据建立的宁夏城市夜间灯光指数与人均GDP,以及第一、二、三产业GDP相关性显著（p<0.001）,能够较好地反映宁夏城市化水平。②基于MOD09A1、MOD11A2建立的遥感生态指数能够较好地反映宁夏生态环境质量时空变化特征。③宁夏城市化与生态环境耦合协调度呈稳定上升趋势,整体处于基本协调-生态环境滞后的转型阶段。研究结果对沿黄城市生态保护和高质量发展具有重要参考价值。     

基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的长江三角洲地区城市化格局与过程研究

利用1998、2003和2008年的DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据,结合相关统计数据,分析灯光数据与城市化进程中经济、人口和土地利用等方面的关系,构建基于灯光数据的城市化水平指数,分析长三角城市群城市化进程和空间模式;通过与统计数据对比,按照最小误差原则确定市辖区建设用地信息提取的阈值,根据各城市在1998～2003年和...     

2001—2018年长三角城市群城市化与生态环境耦合协调度变化监测

城市化的发展与生态环境紧密相关,利用遥感方法可准确地进行城市化与生态质量耦合协调度动态监测与分析,为区域的城市化建设、生态治理及发展规划提供必要的参考依据。本文以长三角城市群为例,利用Landsat系列数据和DMSP-OLS夜间灯光数据分别建立表征区域生态环境的遥感生态指数(RSEI)和表征区域城市化水平的灯光指数(CNLI),采用耦合协调度模型探究了2001—2018年长三角城市群城市化与生态环境耦合协调度时空变化特征。结果表明：(1)2001—2018年,长三角城市群城市化水平不断提高,城市化指数由2001年的0.112提高至2018年的0.288;(2)2001—2018年,长三角城市群生态环境质量不断下降,生态等级为优的区域不断收缩,其中上海市与南京市最明显;(3)2001—2018年,耦合协调度总体呈现上升趋势,且各城市空间差异性较大。     

多源数据融合下的城市化与生态环境耦合协调研究

利用DMSP/OLS、NPP/VIIRS和Landsat遥感影像数据分别提取平均夜间灯光指数(ANLI)和生态环境指数(RSEI),构建城市化与生态环境耦合协调度模型,定量分析研究区在2000—2015年的城市化与生态环境耦合协调发展状况.结果表明:①2000—2015年的乌鲁木齐城市化水平持续上升,一带一路倡议和生态...     

省区城市化水平等级图编制研究——以四川省为例

在一般省区城市化水平等级制图中,大多采用非农业人口占总人口比重单一指标反映城市化水平。本文探讨了使用多种城市化指标因子设计编制这种地图的新的思路和方法,着重论述了城市化因子的选取和城市化水平指数模型的建立。     

铜川市区域城市化与生态环境动态计量分析

以铜川市为例,利用主成分分析原理计算得到城市化和生态环境的综合水平指数;并在此基础上运用协整分析和VEC模型对1990~2009年间铜川市城市化与生态环境长期和短期变化的关系做了分析。结果表明,1城市化和生态环境存在唯一的长期稳定均衡关系,城市化指数每增加1%,生态环境指数会相应地减少1.18%;2在短期内,当前城市化水平主要受前一期的生态环境的抑制作用影响,当前生态环境主要受前一期生态环境的促进作用影响。     

城市化研究的GIS方法

城市化作为现代化进程中的一个普遍现象,历来为研究者所重视。城市化的研究方法处于不断丰富和发展的过程中。本文结合地理信息系统的可视化技术、空间分析功能、地理信息系统建模方法,根据中国城市化特点提出了城镇人口比与城镇人口绝对规模相结合的城市化水平测度模型,在人口地理信息系统集成该模型,将中国城市进行了城市化测度分级;在总结现有研究成果的基础上提出以距离为选择要素,多指标综合的城市群分析模型,在人口地理信息系统中为分析城市化进程中的城市群现象提供了一种灵活工具。     

基于多源遥感影像的城市化及其生态效应研究

基于夜间灯光遥感影像等多源数据,提出了一种区域城市化及其生态效应遥感监测方法。该方法采用夜间灯光遥感数据提取成渝经济区城市范围,并分析城市空间演变过程,同时以植被净初级生产力(NPP)为生态系统功能评价指标,分析了快速城市化对区域生态系统功能的影响。研究结果表明:(1)成渝经济区城市面积由1994年的2 074km2增长到2015年的4 391 km2,年均增长率为3.64%,且城市用地规模增长速度略快于城市人口增长速度;(2)城市内的NPP均值远低于非城市区域,且近年来二者间的差异逐渐增大,成渝经济区快速城市化在一定程度上减少了植被NPP,特别是对城市内部的植被NPP影响较大;(3)快速城市化中土地利用结构的改变是导致成渝经济区城市内植被NPP大量减少的重要因素。     

快速城市化地区土地利用动态变化及城市化空间进程分析

基于多时相TM数据，对上海西南快速城市化地区近10 a来的土地利用变化进行分析研究； 揭示了该区域各类土地利用数量变化的幅度、土地利用变化的空间分布特征、以及城市扩展强度； 计算城市化成熟区中建成区用地面积密度值。通过城市化成熟区和各实验区建成区用地面积密度值的比较，制定“城市化进程指数”，进行城市化空间过程的刻画。     

可持续城市化与国土空间优化

当前可持续国土空间发展面临重大挑战,面向生态文明和新型城镇化战略需求,探讨可持续城市化和国土空间优化的路径、方法和建模具有重要意义.可持续国土空间发展没有现成路径,探索国土空间优化的中国路径成为必然选择.城市及其周边是国土空间优化的关键地域,全球城市扩张研究表明,城市扩张具有路径依赖性、松散化和低密度化倾向,中国可持续...     

中国近海1992～1998海平面变化监测与分析

利用Topex/Poseidon和ERS-1卫星测高资料采用“共线”法计算出1992-10～1998-06中国近海海域海平面及其变化。在扣除T/P卫星测高仪的零点漂移影响后,发现与全球海平面上升率(+2.1±1.3)mm/a相比,不同海域的海平面变化趋势大不相同,黄、东、南海的海平面年变化率分别为：(+3.44±0.61)mm/a,(+3.12±0.47)mm/a,(-1.41±0.48)mm/a。从海平面变化异常中可以看出1993,1994,1997～1998年3次El Nino异常对中国近海海域海平面的影响是南海海域最大,东海次之,黄海最小。除了对海平面进行传统的频谱分析外,还进行了多分辨率的小波分析,还发现在上述3个海域中除了年周期变化较为稳定外,半年及季节(100 d)周期项存在着时间漂移。此外,在上述3个海域还存在着明显的两个月(62 d)周期的变化,其激发原因在此做了初步探讨。     

Mapping the human footprint from satellite measurements in Japan

Due to increasing global urbanization and climate change, the quantification of “human footprints” has become an urgent goal in the fields of biodiversity conservation and regional environment management. A human footprint is defined as the impact of a particular human activity on the Earth’s surface, which can be represented mainly by impervious surfaces (related to industry and urbanization) and cropland (related to agriculture). Here we present a method called sorted temporal mixture analysis with post-classification (STMAP) for mapping impervious surfaces and cropland simultaneously at the subpixel level to fill the demand for precise human footprint information on a national scale. The STMAP method applies a four-endmember sorted temporal mixture analysis to provide the initial fractions of evergreen forests, deciduous forests, cropland, and impervious surfaces as a first step. Endmembers are selected from the sorted temporal profiles of the MODIS-normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), as guided by a principal component analysis. The yearly maximum land surface temperatures and averaged stable nighttime light are then statistically analyzed to provide the thresholds for post-classification to further separate cropland from deciduous forest and bare land from impervious surface. As the four outputs of STMAP, the fractions of forest, cropland, impervious surfaces and bare land are derived. We used the reference maps of impervious surfaces and cropland obtained from the Landsat/TM and ALOS precise land-use/land-cover map at the subpixel level to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, respectively. Historical satellite images with high spatial resolution were used to further evaluate the cropland results derived with the STMAP method. The results showed that the STMAP method has promising accuracy for estimating impervious surfaces and cropland in Japan. The root mean square errors obtained with the STMAP method were 6.3% for the estimation of impervious surfaces and 9.8% for the estimation of cropland. Our findings can extend the applications of remote sensing technologies in ecological research and environment management on a large scale.     

Nighttime light data-based analysis of spatiotemporal patterns evolution and driving forces of economic development in China at prefecture level (1992–2020)

Intercity lighting data are an important resource for studying spatial and temporal patterns in regional urban development as an indicator of the intensity of urban social and economic activity. Understanding the evolutionary characteristics of the spatial pattern of regional economic development can support decision-making in regional economic coordination and sustainable development strategies. Based on a long time series of nighttime lighting data from 1992 to 2020, this study used the Theil index, Markoff transfer matrix, spatial autocorrelation, and spatial regression to analyze spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics and drivers of urban economic development in China. The study found that from 1992 to 2020, China's economic development hot spots have been concentrated in highly developed urban agglomerations namely the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. Cold spots were mainly concentrated in the central-west and southwest of the country. The economic growth rate shows an opposite spatial pattern, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the national coordinated development strategy for regions. The Theil index for urban economic development in China shows an overall downward trend, and the overall economic disparity is mainly due to the relatively low economic development of Tibet, Xinjiang, Gansu, and other western provinces. Therefore, regional economic development remains significantly uneven. In China, the economic type of cities is relatively stable, and the probability of leapfrogging types is low; however, the level of cities with high resource dependence or a single economic structure easily downgrades. The level of economic development and the related socioeconomic factors of neighboring cities influence an obvious spatial spillover effect in the development of urban economies in China. The pattern of China's urban economic development is mainly affected by innovation capacity, financial support, capital investment, transportation infrastructure, and industrial structure.     

Remote sensing of human beings – a perspective from nighttime light

City lights, fishing boats, and oil fields are the major sources of nighttime lights, therefore the nighttime light images provide a unique source to map human beings and their activities from outer space. While most of the scholars focused on application of nighttime light remote sensing in urbanization and regional development, the actual fields are much wider. This paper summarized the applications of nighttime light remote sensing into fields such as the estimation of socioeconomic parameters, monitoring urbanization, evaluation of important events, analyzing light pollution, fishery, etc. For estimation of socioeconomic parameters, the most promising progress is that Gross Domestic Product and its growth rate have been estimated with statistical data and nighttime light data using econometric models. For monitoring urbanization, urban area and its dynamics can be extracted using different classification methods, and spatial analysis has been employed to map urban agglomeration. As sharp changes of nighttime light are associated with important socioeconomic events, the images have been used to evaluate humanitarian disasters, especially in the current Syrian and Iraqi wars. Light pollution is another hotspot of nighttime light application, as the night light is related to some diseases and abnormal behavior of animals, and the nighttime light images can provide light pollution information on large scales so that it is much easier to analyze the effects of light pollutions. In each field, we listed typical cases of the applications. At last, future studies of nighttime light remote sensing have been predicted.     

基于新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型的益阳城市化水平分析

以益阳市2001年-2010年城市化水平数据为依据,运用灰色系统理论,建立了GM(1,1)和新陈代谢GM(1,1)预测模型;并运用不同方法对2种模型的精度进行了检验,结果表明,新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型优于常规GM(1,1)模型,其精度更高。应用新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型,对益阳市城市化水平未来10年进行预测,其结果符合益阳市城市化的实际情况。