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我国区域经济β-趋同的空间计量分析

运用Moran’s I指数检验了我国各省区人均GDP的空间相关性,结果表明,我国各省区的人均GDP存在显著的正空间相关,而传统的趋同检验方法未能消除异方差和自相关的影响。选用能消除异方差和自相关的空间计量模型对我国省际条件β-趋同进行检验,结果表明,我国各省区间存在条件β-趋同,趋同速度大约为2.05%,高于传统趋同经验研究得到的2%趋同速度。     

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Characteristics of long period microtremor and validation of microtremor array measurements in inland areas of China

To study the characteristics of long period microtremor and applicability of microtremor survey,we have made microtremor observations using long period seismometers of the China's mainland from coastal cities like Shanghai and Tianjin through Beijing,Xi'an,to the far inland cities of Lanzhou and Tianshui.The observation shows that the level of power spectrum of long period microtremors reduced rapidly from the coast to the inland area.However,the energy of long period microtremors in Beijing,Xi'an,Lanzhou and Tianshui area are only approximately ten-thousandth to thousandth of that in Shanghai.Aiming at the complexity of the underground structure in the far inland,a series of underground structure models with different distributions were assessed using three-dimensional,dynamic finite element method(FEM) analyses.The results were used to evaluate microtremor survey methods and their limitations with regard to aggregate variability and thickness determinations.Multiple-wave reflections between layers with the change of underground structure distribution occurred,which have significant effect on the performance of the different field approaches.Information over a broad spectrum from which velocity-depth profiles were produced via inversion approaches.Neither the thickness nor the shear waveVelocity V of the subsurface layer inversion results appeared over a large evaluation with increasing slope angle.In particular,when the angle of the model reached 45°,it could not be accurately evaluated using one-dimensional inversion methods.Finally,the array microtremor survey(AMS) was carried out in Shanghai City,China.Although AMS techniques do not have the layer sensitivity or accuracy(velocity and layer thickness) of borehole techniques,the obtained shear wave velocity structure is especially useful for earthquake disaster prevention and seismic analysis.     

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基于SPAC法勘探武汉市江夏区地下岩溶结构

采用微动台阵方法探测武汉地铁27号线江谭段地下岩溶情况。通过空间自相关法（SPAC）提取瑞利波相速度频散曲线,进而反演各观测台阵的视S波速度结构,并插值完成测线二维视S波速度剖面。结果表明,目标区内地层按视S波速度自上而下可分为4层,其中在第3层存在明显的低速区,推测发育岩溶结构,且规模较大。对比工程钻探结果,SPAC法得到的地层分层、岩溶规模与实际情况基本吻合。     

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冻土路基微动探测方法应用探讨

以哈尔滨某高铁路基勘探为例,采用空间自相关方法提取微动信号频散特征,获取地下150 m介质的横波速度结构及分层特征。结果表明,微动方法可穿透冻土区较厚的覆盖层探测基岩面,且分层界面与钻孔资料一致。该方法施工便利、适用性强,结合钻探资料可精确刻画地下地质层位分布,减少钻探工作量,节约经济成本,具有较高的应用价值和科学意义。     

Identifying crack initiation stress threshold in brittle rocks using axial strain stiffness characteristics

As an estimate for the in-situ spalling strength around massive underground excavations to moderately jointed brittle rocks, crack initiation stress marks the initiation of rock micro fracturing. It is crucial to accurately identify crack initiation stress level by proper method. In this study, confined compression tests of sandstone samples are used to examine the validity/applicability of proposed axial strain stiffness method. The results show that by highlighting the minuscule changes in stress-strain curve, the axial strain stiffness curve provided further insight into rock failure process and revealed five stages:(a) irregular fluctuation,(b) nearly horizontal regular fluctuation,(c) irregular fluctuation gradually decreasing to zero,(d) extreme fluctuation, and(e) near zero, which mainly correspond to five stages of stress–strain curve. The ratio of crack-initiation stress to peak strength determined using this approach is 0.44–0.51, similar to the ranges previously reported by other researchers. In this method, the key is to accurately detect the end point of the stage(b), "nearly horizontal regular fluctuation" characterized by a sudden change in axial strain stiffness curve, and the sudden change signifies crack initiation in rock sample. Finally, the research indicates that the axial strain stiffness curve can provide a mean to identify the crack-initiation stress thresholds in brittle rocks.