中国省际流动人口户籍迁移意愿的空间格局及影响机制分析

构建中国省际流动人口户籍迁移网络,运用探索性空间分析及空间滤波等方法分析该网络的空间格局和驱动力。主要发现：① 户籍迁移意愿网络呈现出集聚的空间格局,排序较高的户籍迁移意愿流主要从欠发达地区指向发达地区。② 户籍吸引力及户籍流出分别呈现出随机及集聚的空间格局,户籍流出热点区为西部及东北地区,冷点区为中东部地区。③ 迁入地人口、FDI、迁入地及迁出地人均GDP、平均工资等因素均显著影响户籍迁移意愿。流动人口个体、家庭因素、住房条件及迁移原因等同样与户籍迁移意愿的关系紧密。     

Culture,Markets, and Agricultural Production: A Comparative Study of the Investment Patterns of Migrant and Citizen Cocoa Farmers in the Western Region of Ghana

Current agrarian reforms in Ghana, sponsored by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, are based on the notion that pricing incentives from markets are the key to agricultural investments. The turnaround in the production of the principal agricultural export, cocoa, seems to vindicate this view. However, this perspective is silent on the question of why many farmers continued to produce cocoa in the period preceding the reforms when prices were at their lowest in the country's history. Based on research on the comparative investment patterns of migrant and citizen cocoa farmers in two districts in the Western region of Ghana, this article suggests a holistic approach to comprehending investments. It indicates that the economic behaviour of cocoa farmers is complexly linked to the politics of land tenure, and cultural expectations and obligations.     

基于社会网络分析的ICT出口贸易网络结构特征及影响因素

利用联合国贸发数据库中2000—2018年的信息通信技术（Information and Communication Technology,ICT）贸易数据,采用二元和加权2个方法构建世界制造设备和电子元件出口贸易网络,在综合分析ICT贸易网络结构特征的基础上,采用QAP方法对ICT出口贸易网络进行结构演化解释。结果表明：① 制造设备和电子元件出口贸易的网络密度很高,世界各国（地区）ICT贸易关系密切;② 中国成为制造设备出口贸易网络的核心节点,发达经济体依旧占据主要市场;电子元件出口贸易网络中存在投资带动发展以及“抱团”现象,中国的电子元件在出口贸易网络中也占据着重要地位;③ 多维距离因素能够解释制造设备和电子元件出口贸易网络的结构变化的18%和15%。这一结论为中国ICT产业参与全球贸易制定相关政策提供依据。     

An Approach to Field Experience in Eighth Grade Geography

Abstract

Man, the social animal, has organized his cities for particular social objectives. His urban social communications take place within a spatially and socially restrictive network of interpersonal information contact. Viewed in this sense, cities exist to facilitate the social communications or interactions of their population. At the same time, however, diverse social goals and group frictions create barriers to smooth flows of information among urban dwellers. This paper introduces the theme of urban social interaction, outlines the structure of social ties in cities, and surveys two major urban problems relating explicitly to social interaction in the city. The approach here is to bring geographical concepts and knowledge to bear on problems of social interaction in urban space. It is hoped that greater insight by teachers and students into the social problems of cities is achieved by an improved understanding of the geography of social communications.     

Escalation: A Simulation of Contemporary Geo-Politics

Abstract

ESCALATION is a one-hour simulation game that treats international power politics from a geographic perspective. It has been pilot-tested in several high schools and two universities. ESCALATION is deemed appropriate for high school geography and social studies classes, and for introductory college geography courses. Three important geographic principles are dramatically demonstrated by the activity. First, students discover that traditional ways of viewing maps can create misleading geographic stereotypes. Second, students learn the importance of cultural conditioning in viewing international relations. Third, students learn that numerous interacting factors influence nations in their selection of allies. The activity elaborated in the article provides geography teachers with a practical, ready-made teaching activity that is powerful in concepts and dramatic in presentation. The classroom teacher simply needs to transform the map (Figure 1) into a transparency and briefly review the simulation procedures. The teacher then presents the four sequential stages in the ESCALATION game and conducts a post-simulation discussion of what happened and why. The activity, in short, provides geography and social studies teachers with a simulation activity that combines role playing, decision-making, and surprise to generate several important geographic concepts and principles. The surprise climax invariably produces considerable discussion.     

Overcoming Geographic Innocence in Geography Education

Abstract

This article deals with the issue of providing geographic training to prospective teachers from the perspective of a secondary school teacher who also teaches a social studies methods course. Research in educational journals provided a background for describing the lack of geographic training among social studies teachers. While the National Geographic Society's alliance network is addressing this issue among practicing teachers, there is still a need to include some geography training for preservice teachers. Suggestions are offered for including geography within the context of the social studies methods course. A plea is also made for geography professors to include the new National Geography Standards in their courses, especially in introductory courses.     

A Systems Perspective on World-Systems Theory

Abstract

This article presents a conceptual framework that embeds ideas from world-systems theory within the larger systemic context known as the theory of dissipative structures. This article creates a theoretical perspective on global capitalism, both geographic and historical, that offers a sufficiently general and flexible model for this particular complex system in human geography. The goal is to provide a perspective that reflects the interconnectedness of individual and separate places into a larger global system that is a single functioning spatial entity. In this view, the modern world-system becomes a culmination of its past and a prologue to its future.     

Maximising efficiency,marginalising equity: a genealogy of Australian wheat export market deregulation and ‘the good farmer’

ABSTRACT

The Australian government deregulated the wheat export market in 2008, ending 60 years of statutory wheat marketing by the Australian Wheat Board (AWB). In this article, I explore the discursive shifts which contributed to this change. I adopt a genealogical approach to this research, by collecting and analysing policy documents produced between 1983 and 2012, to understand how truths—such as efficiency, competition and the ‘good farmer’—were constructed and reproduced to facilitate wheat export market deregulation in Australia. Through analysing the case of wheat export market deregulation, and the process by which this shift was made possible, this article contributes more broadly to research examining the neoliberalisation of Australian rural industries, and the discursive construction of norms, values and identities to facilitate these changes.     

A hybrid integrated deep learning model for the prediction of citywide spatio-temporal flow volumes

ABSTRACT

The spatio-temporal residual network (ST-ResNet) leverages the power of deep learning (DL) for predicting the volume of citywide spatio-temporal flows. However, this model, neglects the dynamic dependency of the input flows in the temporal dimension, which affects what spatio-temporal features may be captured in the result. This study introduces a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network into the ST-ResNet to form a hybrid integrated-DL model to predict the volumes of citywide spatio-temporal flows (called HIDLST). The new model can dynamically learn the temporal dependency among flows via the feedback connection in the LSTM to improve accurate captures of spatio-temporal features in the flows. We test the HIDLST model by predicting the volumes of citywide taxi flows in Beijing, China. We tune the hyperparameters of the HIDLST model to optimize the prediction accuracy. A comparative study shows that the proposed model consistently outperforms ST-ResNet and several other typical DL-based models on prediction accuracy. Furthermore, we discuss the distribution of prediction errors and the contributions of the different spatio-temporal patterns.     

How Does Castells's The Rise of the Network Society Contribute to Research in Human Geography? A Citation Content and Context Analysis

Manuel Castells seminal work The Rise of the Network Society (RNS) is one of the top ten most frequently cited publications in human geography. RNS comprehensively investigates the theory of network society, which is of great significance to human geography. Citation count, however, cannot reflect the specific contribution of RNS to human geography. By jointly using citation content and context analysis on 898 journal articles on human geography, this study examines the citations of RNS to clarify the contribution. Results show that (1) “space of flows” is most frequently cited and (2) citations of RNS serve nine citation functions in human geography studies. Eight of them reveal three types of knowledge development contribution, namely, knowledge dissemination, knowledge inheritance, and knowledge innovation. Among the nine citation functions, the critique function is most thought-provoking, revealing the deficiencies of RNS: (1) spatial dualism is abstract and impersonal, (2) “space of places” is as important as “space of flows” in the network society, and (3) the lack of abundant data limits the development of empirical research on the space of flows and network of city. These critical citations provide implications for the development of network society theory in human geography. Key Words: bibliometric analysis, citation context analysis, content analysis, knowledge development, network society.     

中国出口导向型外资企业时空演化与出口增衰机制

利用2000-2013年中国海关贸易数据库出口数据研究分析中国出口导向型外资企业地理格局演变.研究发现,出口导向型外资企业在数量和出口贸易额呈现增长的趋势,出口产品以资本密集型、技术密集型产品为主,主要集中在京津冀、长三角、珠三角、山东半岛、辽中南地区,存在从沿海向中西部内陆地区、由核心城市向周边城市逐渐扩散的特征,外...     

Towards a more sustainable process industry: A single case study of restructuring within the Eyde process industry cluster

ABSTRACT

Due to increased attention on environmental issues, industrial sustainable restructuring is high on the research agenda. The article adds to the literature through an analysis of a restructuring process within a Norwegian process industry cluster. By introducing an analytical framework combining the concepts of entrepreneurial discovery process and path dependency theory, the article offers a deeper understanding of the role of various types of actors in processes of restructuring. The authors categorise the actors as either firm-level entrepreneurs or system-level entrepreneurs on the basis of their motivation. While the former are motivated mainly by firm success, the latter find their motivation mainly in developing systemic factors. The analytical framework suggests a stepwise analysis of the restructuring, and in each step, the significance and interplay between the two types of entrepreneurs are discussed. Finally, the authors discuss the potential for new path development following from this process. The case study illustrates the important role of system-level entrepreneurs as facilitators and of firm-level entrepreneurs as utilisers of opportunities. The empirical case demonstrates that the two types of entrepreneurs are highly interactive throughout the restructuring process. The article contributes to existing literature by advancing the actor perspective in new path development.     

东北三省城际技术转移网络的空间演化及影响因素

从全国—本地视角,以东北三省为研究区,基于2005-2015年的专利权转移数据,融合社会网络、GIS空间分析和计量方法,定量刻画东北三省技术转移网络的空间演化规律。结果显示：① 全国视角下东北三省城际技术转移网络呈现“核心—边缘”等级层次性结构,形成了专利技术由东北辐散向全国沿海辐合的空间格局。② 本地视角下东北三省技术转移网络呈现出向心收缩结网态势,“哈长沈大”四大核心城市在本地网络中扮演“技术守门者”角色。技术转移表现出“强全国化,弱本地化”特征。③ 东北三省城际技术流动既存在路径依赖,也不断涌现路径创造。全国视角下,技术转移以东北三省核心城市为流源,基本流向以北京、上海和深圳分别为枢纽的京津冀、长三角和珠三角城市群。本地城际技术转移以哈尔滨、长春、沈阳、大连为集散中心,集中于省内转移,呈现等级、接触和跳跃式混合扩散空间模式。④ 地理距离接近度、产业结构相似度、经济水平差异度、创新能力相似度、技术吸收能力、外商直接投资对东北三省城际技术转移存在一定影响。     

地方集群网络、信息溢出效应与中国ICT产品出口地理网络扩张

研究中国ICT产品的出口贸易扩张有助于理解"全球-地方"互动视角下国际贸易与国内产业地理的相互作用。本文构建地方集群网络和信息溢出效应促进产品出口扩张的机制分析框架,利用2000—2016年中国海关库数据,探究中国ICT产品出口地理网络扩张机制。研究发现:(1)中国ICT产品出口源地从沿海地区向内陆地区扩张,出口目的地扩张重点在不同时间段存在差异。(2)中东部省份出口到东亚和北美、西部省份出口到北美和西欧的贸易扩张较为显著。(3)面板Probit模型分析表明,地方集群网络和信息溢出效应能够增加出口源地-目的地层面ICT产品出口额,提升出口专业化程度。     

The politics of urban greening: an introduction

ABSTRACT

Global enthusiasm for nature in cities is at high point. Australia is no exception, where there is a great deal of policy momentum and research interest in urban greening. The challenges presented by increasing urban heat associated with climate change, greater awareness of the potential social, physical and psychological benefits of exposure to ecologies for people, and recognition of cities as vital habitats for more-than-humans are central tenants of urban greening enthusiasm. Yet, there is a need for a more critical lens on urban greening in Australia. One that interrogates the purported normative, apolitical and instrumental benefits of greening, to position greening within a trajectory of the power relations, settler-colonialism, socio-ecological processes and capital flows that constitute the urban. This editorial introducing the special issue on urban greening politics explores how different conceptions of urban natures – green space, urban forestry and green infrastructure – have been put to work, before outlining the potential of ‘urban greening’ as the terminology for a more politically sensitive and process-orientated framing. The editorial concludes with a summary of the contributions to the special issue.     

Teaching Geography's four traditions with Poetry

Abstract

Poetry is a powerful form of writing that has received relatively little attention from geography educators. However, most poetry is imbued with explicit and vivid references to physical and human phenomena over space, and is thus a source of information that may help illustrate a variety of geographic concepts. This article uses William Pattison's four traditions of geography as a framework for illustrating the explicitly spatial concepts present in selected poetry. Through the poetry of authors like Walt Whitman, Robert Frost, and Maya Angelou, this work introduces a new perspective from which to teach and to learn familiar geographic themes.     

非洲粮食问题的时空演化研究

非洲粮食生产与发展面临着诸多的困难与挑战,其粮食问题一直是国际社会关注的热点之一。本文研究的非洲粮食问题主要是指其粮食生产、消费及其自给能力方面存在的问题,从时间与空间视角对非洲粮食此类问题的演化过程和成因进行了初步探讨。时间视角上,考虑到20世纪90年代中期到21世纪初期非洲粮食问题表现较为典型,同时限于相关数据获取因素故,仅研究了1994-2007年,非洲粮食生产量、粮食消费量及生产性粮食缺口量的演化;空间视角上,从整体与区域两个层面,探讨了非洲不同粮食自给类型国家的空间差异及演化。最后提出解决非洲粮食问题的相关对策与建议。     

"一带一路"沿线国家或地区人才流动网络结构演化

基于高等学校留学生流动数据,构建加权有向网络模型,对2000~2015年“一带一路”沿线国家或地区人才流动网络结构演化进行研究。主要结论如下：① 沿线人才流动网络规模迅速扩大,人才流动的数量和路径在迅速增加。② 沿线人才流动网络呈“由中向西,自南到北”的空间格局特征,中亚地区的留学生主要向西流向俄罗斯、乌克兰等国,东南亚和南亚地区的留学生主要向北流向中国内地。③ 沿线人才流动网络分化为独联体社团、中国东盟社团、西亚北非社团、中东欧社团、南亚社团等5个社团。④ 中国内地和俄罗斯处于沿线人才流动网络的核心位置,东南亚、西亚和东欧部分国家处于边缘地带。     

流空间基本性质的地理学透视

信息和通信技术ICTs(Information and Communication Technologies)的发展,使空间形态发生了或正在发生隐性变化,表现为由地理空间向地理网络空间转换。地理网络空间的外在表现即是流空间,它是信息社会占支配地位的空间形态,为地理学研究提供新视角。该文基于流空间的形成机制,流空间与地理网络空间、位空间的关系和流空间的发展对地理科学的影响,对流空间的基本性质予以地理学透视。     

The difference that space makes. A way to describe the construction of local and regional gender contracts

The role that space and place play in the construction of gender relations on different geographical scales is examined in this article. It is easy to identify national variations in the relation between sexes, and such comparisons are common. In many cases, the nation-state constitutes the level of analysis in gender-oriented studies. Comparative studies within nations are not so numerous. Nevertheless, geographical research has the potential to develop an analytical model capable of identifying the spatial dimension in gender constructions. A place-based approach visualises how local places shape gender relations and contribute to gender identities and understanding of men and women. This article shows how geographical analysis can be used to describe how physical and human geography interplay with economy, politics, religion, culture, etc., in the construction of gender contracts at a local level. Gender contracts are unwritten rules that regulate relations between sexes, and re-create and reform relations as everyday actions within the framework of these local structures. Together these various local contracts construct a regional structure.