建鲤与黄河鲤的RAPD分子标记及其杂交优势的遗传分析

利用RAPD技术对建鲤、黄河鲤及其杂交子代进行了遗传分析,筛选的33个引物共扩增出155条带,其中多态性片段为105条,片段S18-1600、S472-300具有种的特异性,可作为鉴别建鲤与黄河鲤的分子遗传标记。建鲤、黄河鲤及其正、反交子代群体内的遗传相似系数分别为0.8240、0.7921、0.7920、0.8569,黄河鲤与正交F1具有较高的遗传变异水平,反交F1变异最小。正交F1、反交F1与亲本(建鲤、黄河鲤)的遗传距离分别为0.2233、0.2436、0.1749、0.2026,说明子代均继承了较多的建鲤的遗传物质。分析了子代与亲本的RAPD标记类型以及各类型的条带数。应用PIT标记系统测定了子代的杂种优势并探讨了优势产生的遗传机理。     

浅析山东省胶莱盆地地方性氟中毒与地质环境的关系

根据山东省胶莱盆地地形地貌、地层岩性、水文地质特征以及地方性氟中毒的分布特征等的相关性分析,为胶莱盆地地方性氟中毒在地质环境方面的预防提出可行性对策。     

西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔场分布及与海水表层温度的关系分析

根据2003~2004年西北太平洋秋刀鱼资源调查结果,对西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔场分布及其与海水表层温度(SST)的关系进行分析。结果表明,7~9月西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔场主要集中在40.5°N~44.5°N、151.5°E~158°E,SST为10℃~19℃,捕捞群体以中大型个体为主;各月最高产量及最大CPUE时的SST各不相同,渔场的形成和丰度与亲潮和黑潮的势力强弱及其分布密切相关。经K-S检验,结果表明,各月SST与产量及样本平均体长、平均体重的差异均不显著。这些渔场可作为我国远洋鱿钓渔业的兼作渔场。     

Relationship between beak morphological variables and body size and mantle length of male and female Argentine shortfin squid (Illex argentinus)

Beak of cephalopod is an important hard tissue.Understanding the morphology of beak can yield critical information on the role of cephalopods in the ecosystem.The south patagonic stock of the Argentine shortfin squid,Illex argentinus,is not only one of the most important fishing targets,but also one of the most important species in the marine eco-system of the southwest Atlantic.A total of 430 samples of I.argentinus,including 229 females 103-346mm in mantle length(ML) and 201 males 140-298mm in ML,were collected from the area off the Exclusive Economic Zone of Argentinean waters by Chinese squid jigging vessels during February to May 2007.The morphology of their beaks was evaluated.The relationships between beak morphological variables and ML differed significantly among males and females.They could be best described by logarithmic functions for females and linear functions for males except for upper wing length(UWL) and lower rostrum length(LRL),which followed exponential functions in their relationships with ML.The results showed the sexual dimorphism in the relationship between ML and beak morphology for the south patagonic stock of I.argentinus.However,no significant difference was found between males and females in the relationships of beak morphological variables(except for UWL) versus body weight(BW),suggesting that the relationship between beak morphological variables and BW can be used for estimating the biomass consumed by their predators.     

Relationship between niche breadth and range shifts of Rhinopoma muscatellum(Chiroptera: Rhinopomatidae) in climate change scenarios in arid and semiarid mountainous region of Iran

Rapid climate change has provided the opportunity for many species to learn to adapt fast enough to modify their range distribution. The positive and negative responses of the species in terms of distribution are related to parameters such as kind of species, degree of specialization, size and movement skills, and such factors. Moving to high elevations and transitions to higher latitudes are among the strategies proposed as a solution to the negative effects of climate change. Therefore, predicting how different species respond to climate change can help predict the conservation program for them. Species distribution models(SDMs) are widely used to predict the geographical distribution of habitat suitability and species occurrence. Rhinopoma muscatellum is one of the three mousetailed bats(Rhinopomatidae) inhabiting the southeastern, southern, and southwestern parts of Iran and its distribution range to the interior and northern parts of Iran has been limited by the Elburz and Zagros Mountain. To study the effect of climate change on this species, range shifts and coverage of protected regions, 74 presence points and environmental variables(climate, topography, anthropogenic, and vegetation) in MaxEnt software were used. Before the implementation of the model, the autocorrelation of the presence points was reduced and the selection of pseudo absent points was limited by using the bias grid. Climate variables were prepared for Mid-Holocene, Current, Climate Current, and Future scenarios in 2070(RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6, and RCP8.5). In order to evaluate the overlap of ecological niche, the Schoener's D and I statistic metrics were used. Also, to measure the breadth of the niches, B1(inverse concentration) and B2(uncertainty) metrics in ENMTOOLS software were employed. TSS statistics were used as a threshold. Species distribution trend changes in climatic scenarios were performed by the Mann Kendall(MK) test. Based on the results, the AUC values for current and future climate models were calculated to be 0.89 and 0.85, respectively. The distance from settlement, soil organic carbon, and altitude variables have the greatest impact on the current distribution of the species; and among the climatic variables, Isothermality(Bio3), Temperature Seasonality(Bio4), and Max Temperature of Warmest Month(Bio5) had the greatest impact on species distribution. The results showed that in climate change scenarios by 2070, the distribution range and breadth of climatic niche of Rhinopoma muscatellum will be significantly increased(P-value 0.05), habitat fragmentation will be reduced, and in RCP8.5 scenario it will reach the maximum distribution(39.38% of total Iran). This increase will cover the Elburz and Zagros mountain ranges, and a large part of the country will be suitable for the species. In response to current climate change, migration to higher latitudes was identified in this study. Among the main different classes of protected regions in Iran(National parks, Wildlife refuges, and Protected areas), protected areas in all scenarios had the most coverage of the suitable species habitat.     

山东省陶瓷土(瓷石)矿资源特征及成矿规律

山东省陶瓷土(瓷石)矿区共27个,查明资源储量49316.80万t,占全国总量的25.54%,排名第二。山东省岩浆型陶瓷土(瓷石)矿床原岩主要为燕山期浅成花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、细晶岩及霏细岩岩脉、岩盖。火山沉积型陶瓷土(瓷石)矿床原岩主要为早白垩世青山群石前庄组陆相火山岩系中的酸性-中酸性流纹质玻璃质火山碎屑岩和玻璃质熔岩。瓷石矿体与酸性花岗(斑)岩脉紧密相关,蚀变花岗(斑)岩是寻找瓷石的直接标志。     

Local perceptions of climate change and adaptation needs in the Ifugao Rice Terraces (Northern Philippines)

The Ifugao Rice Terraces in the Philippines is recognized worldwide as a sustainable landscape where humans live in harmony with nature. The success of the Ifugao Rice Terraces largely depends on the attunement of local farmers to their environment and their ability to adapt to perceived changes, as manifested in their complex body of traditional ecological and climatic knowledge. This paper examines the local perceptions on climate change and other challenges to sustainability through focus group discussions with farmers and traditional knowledge holders. Our main findings can be summarized as follows: (i) Ifugao farmers were able to observe climatic changes in recent years, and these changes were intimately linked with broader environmental and socio-cultural changes in the Ifugao social-ecological system; (ii) The climatic changes qualitatively observed by the farmers were in agreement with trends in datasets commonly used in scientific assessments, although this agreement depends on the spatial and temporal resolution of the dataset, and the type of statistical analysis performed, and; (iii) The Ifugaos stressed the importance of traditional knowledge and culture in climate change adaptation, and preferred measures which could increase internal adaptive capacity while addressing broader sources of community vulnerability. Our results support calls to recognize Indigenous and Western science as equally valid ways of knowing. Discussions with the farmers revealed that in the Ifugao context, climate change may be better framed in the context of multiple stressors on rural livelihoods, with adaptation integrated into broader development objectives. Our findings also emphasize the need for greater engagement of indigenous Ifugao people in planning processes in order to identify adaptation strategies that are culturally appropriate, equitable, and effective in responding to local needs.     

Meteorological Features at 6523 m of Mt.Qomolangma （Everest） between 1 May and 22 July 2005

Introduction Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) (27°54'N, 86°54'E) (Hereafter Mt. Qomolangma) lies between China and Nepal (Figure 1), and is the highest peak in the world, 8844.43 m asl (As promulgated by News Of-fice of the Chinese State Council in October 2005…     

CYTOTOXICITY AND GENOTOXICITY OF POLYETHYLENIMINE AND NICKEL CHLORIDE IN RED SEA BREAM（Pagrosomus major）FIN CELL LINE RSBF

A continuous marine fish cell line RSBF(i.e.Red Sea Bream Fin)was utilized to screen the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of polyethylenimine(PEI)and nickel cholride(NiCl2)in this study on the deleterious effects of aquatic genotoxins on fish.At the 0.01 to 1μgml concentration tested,PEI had acute toxicity to the treated RSBF cells(IC50=1.12,0.92,0.88 and 0.64μg/ml PEI for time 0 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h after treatment,respectively)and markedly inhibited their proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.At the 0.001 to 5 μmol/L concentration tested,NiCl2 posed no acute toxicity but significantly stimulated their growth(107?214?of control).Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was used to detect the genotoxic effects of PEI and NiCl2 by comparing the RAPD banding patterns of the control and treated cells.RAPD analysis indicated that at the concentrations tested,PEI was more genotoxic than NiCl2 to RSBF cells;that there was a slight dose-dependent response in the genotoxic effect of PEI bue not NiCl2;and that RAPD technique might provide a sensitive,non-specif-ic gentoxic endpoint.And the potent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PEI on fish cells showed that we should be cautious in utilizing it as gene vector in fish gene transfer and human gene therapy.     

Effect of organics (amino acids and fulvic acid) on the interaction between Cu(II) and clays in sea water

By the study of the effects of pH on the exchange ratio (%) of Cu(II) with clay(illite) in the presence of different concentrations of amino acids and fulvic acid, a new model of the mechanism of the effect of organics has been presented in this paper. Projects sponsored by the Natural Science Fund of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

山东省海(咸)水入侵演化趋势与防治对策探讨

山东省海(咸)水入侵主要有面状、带状、脉状或树枝状和越流等4种入侵方式。气候、地形地貌、地质与水文地质、风暴潮是发生海(咸)水入侵的自然因素;地下水超采、上游修建蓄水工程、发展海水养殖、扩建盐田、河道采砂和海岸带工程建设等人为因素是诱发海(咸)水入侵的主要原因。提出了工程措施和非工程措施两种防治海(咸)水入侵的对策。