试论与埃达克岩有关的热液矿床成因类型和成矿系列——以中国北方若干矿床为例

中国北方埃达克岩比较发育,有形成于早古生代岛弧环境、中生代中晚期陆弧环境及晚古生代中期和中生代中期大陆板块内环境3种埃达克岩.与形成于岛弧环境埃达克岩相关的热液矿床的成因类型为斑岩型,成矿系列为Cu-Au;与形成于陆弧环境埃达克岩相关的热液矿床的成因类型为斑岩型和浅成低温热液型,成矿系列为Au-Cu-Mo;与形成于板内环境埃达克岩相关的热液矿床的成因类型为斑岩型、夕卡岩和浅成低温热液型,成矿系列为Au-Cu-Pb-Zn.     

“带外脉式”钨矿床成矿模型——以湖南白云仙钨矿田头天门矿床为例

石英脉型钨矿床是南岭钨矿成矿带的主要矿床类型,含钨石英脉产于成矿花岗岩顶部的接触带附近,其中"带外脉式"的石英脉几乎全部产于接触带外侧。湖南白云仙钨矿田头天门钨矿床发育较完整的"带外脉式"钨矿矿化组合和空间分带,主要矿化类型包括花岗岩型和石英脉型,前者分布于岩墙上部,后者发育于上方外侧的砂岩中。笔者研究了头天门钨矿床中花岗岩和各类矿体的地质地球化学特征,探讨了岩浆演化与钨的富集成矿过程。提出头天门钨矿床粗粒斑状黑云母花岗岩→细粒碱长花岗岩岩株→岩墙→云英岩化花岗岩→云英岩→石英脉的岩浆-热液演化-成矿全过程,成矿流体表现出"上液下浆"的分带特点。在岩墙形成前的演化过程中,成矿元素的富集主要受岩浆晚期分异作用的制约,岩墙之后的演化则主要受热液作用的影响。成矿地质体为细粒碱长花岗岩岩株以及上部的岩墙。建立了带外脉式型钨矿床成矿模型,形成机制主要为:在岩浆固结之前,岩浆中的挥发分和H2O在岩体顶部聚集引起围岩破裂,岩浆充填形成岩墙,挥发分和成矿物质在岩墙上部聚集形成花岗岩型(云英岩型)钨矿,并在外侧形成石英脉型钨矿。     

北祁连山东段埃达克岩带Cu、Au成矿初探

北祁连山东段存在一条埃达克岩条带,由向北俯冲的老虎山弧后盆地洋壳部分熔融形成,其形成过程具有高温、高压、富含挥发分流体、高氧逸度和快速上升的特点,有利于Cu、Au等成矿物质在埃达克岩中富集.已经在米家山、扁强沟以及屈吴山银硐梁岩体中发现了Cu、Au矿床,在西华山前寒物系中也发现了金矿床(点),表明北祁连山东段埃达克岩带具有产出与埃达克岩有关Cu、Au矿床的潜力.该埃达克岩带不仅有斑岩型和低温热液型Cu、Au矿床产出,也存在砂岩型Cu、Au矿床,可以用"四箱模型"来描述该地区矿床的形成过程及类型.不仅要注重对埃达克岩岩体的勘探,也要加强对蚀变围岩的勘探,并寻找以泥盆系为首选勘探对象的砂岩型Cu、Au矿床.     

副族元素的成矿作用与矿田类型

岩石熔融 岩浆固结过程不仅导致花岗岩的形成,同时造成了副族微量元素的富集,形成不同类型的矿床和矿田。根据成矿元素与氧、硫元素的关系,文中将上述元素形成的矿田分为亲氧元素型、亲硫元素型和氧硫复合型。前者产于花岗岩体内部,成矿与成岩基本同时,矿田的形成主要受控于岩浆分异作用和岩体剥蚀深度;次者产于岩体外部,成岩与成矿具有一定的年龄差,矿田控制因素主要为深部重熔界面隆起区的埋深和相应控矿构造的产状;最后一类矿田的特征是花岗岩体内部产亲氧元素矿床(主要为铀钍),矿床与容矿岩体通常有巨大年龄差,在岩体外围则分布亲硫元素矿床,本类矿田的控制因素主要为区域地壳熔融(重熔)次数及晚期重熔界面隆起区的埋深。     

豫西崤山中河岩体的岩石学和地球化学特征及地质意义

为探讨崤山地区中河岩体与区内新发现的大型银及多金属矿床之间的关系,笔者通过岩石学和地球化学相结合的方法,对中河岩体进行了常量元素和稀土微量元素研究。结果表明,该岩体属于高钾钙碱质系列的S型花岗岩,具有埃达克岩特征;明显富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Ba、Th,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Ta、Nb、Ti、Zr,具有壳源花岗岩特征。该岩体形成于岩石圈拆沉地幔软流圈上涌,导致有关地壳物质部分熔融。由于岩石圈拆沉地幔软流圈上涌过程中释放大规模流体,并快速运移至地表浅部成矿,使得崤山地区具有较大的成矿潜力。     

内蒙古白音诺尔铅锌矿床岩石地球化学特征及地质意义

白音诺尔铅锌矿床是内蒙古典型的夕卡岩型矿床,但有关该矿床的成矿岩体的地球化学及成矿动力学尚缺乏研究和报道.本文选取了与成矿密切相关的花岗岩类开展相关的研究,结果表明：岩石整体为高钾钙碱性系列,富集轻稀土元素与大离子亲石元素（LILE）,相对亏损高场强元素（HFSE）,岩浆起源为富集地幔,成矿作用发生于造山后的伸展拉张环境.     

与铜、金成矿有关的弧岩浆系统氧逸度特征和形成机制

研究表明,花岗岩类的源区存在大量成矿元素;源区的成矿元素能有效转入岩浆熔体并随岩浆演化而逐渐富集,是花岗质岩浆能形成热液矿床的重要前提.只有在这一前提之下,才能在流体自花岗质岩浆出溶的过程中形成含矿流体进而形成热液矿床.因此,研究成矿元素(如铜、金等)能否从源区进入熔体并在残余熔体中得以富集,对评价花岗岩类岩石的成矿潜力、正确认识花岗质岩浆形成热液矿床的过程和机制有重要的理论和实际意义.     

黑龙江穆棱砍椽沟钼铜矿床地质与地球化学特征

砍椽沟钼铜矿床位于佳木斯—牡丹江多金属成矿带的南东段,钼铜矿化产于花岗闪长岩和花岗斑岩岩体中。矿床主量元素分析结果表明,成矿岩体具高Sr、Na、K和低Y、Mg,显示出钙碱质岩浆演化特点,应属C型埃达克岩;微量元素测试结果显示本区花岗质岩石亏损Nb、Nd等高场强元素,富集Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素,同时表明矿区的花岗质岩石具有埃达克岩属性;稀土元素组成具有轻微负Eu异常的特点,表明斜长石发生一定程度的分离结晶作用,或曾受到斜长石分离结晶作用的影响,且岩浆为地壳来源,在岩浆岩源区存在着一定数量的石榴石残留。矿床属斑岩型--热液脉型成因,成矿岩体的形成与太平洋板块俯冲作用关系密切。     

北祁连甘肃毛藏寺铜-钼矿床花岗质岩石锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

甘肃毛藏寺铜钼矿是与花岗质岩石有关的斑岩型矿床,矿区内花岗质岩石类型主要为似斑状二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。对矿区岩体进行年龄、地球化学研究,以约束其形成时代,并探讨岩石成因及其与成矿的关系。LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb测年分别获得似斑状二长花岗岩与花岗闪长岩谐和年龄为455.8±3.1Ma和425.0±2.8Ma,属于晚奥陶世和晚志留世岩浆活动的产物。地球化学数据显示,似斑状二长花岗岩属于过铝质钙碱性岩浆系列,花岗闪长岩属于准铝质高钾钙碱性岩浆系列,二者均富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显。似斑状二长花岗岩具有弱正Eu异常(δEu=1.18～1.24),显示埃达克岩的地球化学特征,形成于北祁连洋俯冲消减阶段,由俯冲洋壳(含海洋沉积物)部分熔融形成,源区主要残留物为石榴子石。花岗闪长岩显示弱负Eu异常,形成于碰撞后伸展环境,是洋壳板片断离后软流圈上涌诱发的下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融的产物。似斑状二长花岗岩符合成矿期埃达克岩特征,具有较好的成矿条件。结合前人资料,在北祁连东段寻找和勘查与埃达克岩有关的铜-钼-金矿可能是一个新的方向。     

湖南川口岩体型钨矿赋矿花岗岩地球化学特征及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

川口矿田钨矿床产于湖南衡阳川口岩体的外接触带及岩体内部,矿床类型主要有岩浆热液石英细脉带型和石英大脉型。近年川口矿田取得了重大找矿突破,并发现了新类型的岩体型钨矿。本文对川口岩体型钨矿床的黑云母二长花岗岩及赋矿的白云母二长花岗岩分别进行了 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学特征研究,获得川口岩体的成岩年龄为(223.1 ± 0.78)Ma,MSWD=0.98,n=24,岩体型钨矿成矿年龄为(224.6±1.31)Ma,MSWD=0.33,n=9,为印支期成岩成矿。川口花岗岩具有高SiO_2,富K_2O+Na_2O,低CaO、MgO的特点,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性系列S型花岗岩,形成于碰撞环境下弱挤压构造体制。川口岩体稀土总量(∑REE)整体较低,轻稀土相对较富集,具有强烈的负Eu异常,富集大离子亲石元素Ba、K和高场强元素Ta,而亏损大离子亲石元素Sr和相容元素P、Ti等,表明该岩体各阶段花岗岩来自同一岩浆源,且经历了高度演化。赋矿花岗岩更低的δEu值及(La/Yb)_N值,表明其结晶分异程度更高。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with