块石定向性特征对土-石混合体强度影响的数值模拟

为了探讨土-石混合体的力学强度受块石定向性特征的影响,开发了二维椭圆块石集合体随机模型(2D Elliptic Block Collection Stochastic Model,简称EBCS2D),并在此基础上进行了双轴压缩数值模拟。模拟结果显示土-石混合体的强度受块石定向性特征的影响,该影响规律与含石量显著关联。通过对各向异性屈服面曲线方程和数值模拟结果的拟合分析,验证了该屈服面曲线方程在表达土-石混合体强度方面的适应性。通过引入土-石相互作用单元的概念,阐明了在低、中、高3种含石量下,块石孤立作用和团簇作用交替主导,造成了块石定向性特征对土-石混合体力学强度的不同规律的影响。      

Centrifuge and numerical modeling of h-type anti-slide pile reinforced soil-rock mixture slope

Due to the loose structure, high porosity and high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope, the slope is unstable and may cause huge economic losses and casualties. The h-type anti-slide pile is regarded as an effective means to prevent the instability of soilrock mixture slope. In this paper, a centrifuge model test was conducted to investigate the stress distribution of the h-type anti-slide pile and the evolution process of soil arching during the loading. A numerical simulation model was bui...     

Modelling the flexural buckling failure of stratified rock slopes based on the multilayer beam model

The buckling failure of stratified rock slopes intersected by a set of steep discontinuities that are approximately parallel to the slope surface is frequently encountered while constructing railways and roadways in mountainous areas. In this study, an analytical approach based on the energy equilibrium principle is presented to solve the flexural buckling stability of stratified rock slopes within the framework of multilayer beam theory. The generalized HoekBrown failure criterion is introduced to reflect the influences of slope size(scale effects) on the buckling stability. Subsequently, numerical and physical modellings from previous literatures are employed to validate the proposed approach. Furthermore, a practical case of Bawang Mountain landslide is also used for the comparative analysis. The study shows that the present analytical approach is capable to provide a more reasonable assessment for the buckling failure of stratified rock slopes, compared with several existing analytical approaches. Finally, a detailed parametric study is implemented, and the results indicate that the effects of rock strength, rock deformation modulus, geological strength index, layer thickness and disturbance degree of rock mass on the buckling failure of stratified rock slopes are more significant than that of rock type and slope angle.     

Mechanical characteristics of soil-rock mixtures containing macropore structure based on 3D modeling technology

Soil-rock mixtures containing macropore(SRMCM) is a kind of geological material with special mechanical properties. Located in the project area of Lenggu hydropower station on the Yalong River,Sichuan Province, China, there is an extremely unstable Mahe talus slide with a total volume of nearly160 million cubic meters, which is mainly composed of SRMCM. The study on the mechanical properties of SRMCM is of great significance for the engineering construction and safe operation. In this paper,laboratory tests and discrete element numerical tests based on three-dimensional scanning technology were conducted to study the influence of stone content,stone size, and the angle of the macropore structure on shear characteristics of SRMCM. The failure mechanism of SRMCM was discussed from a microscopic perspective. This work explains the internal mechanism of the influence of stone content,stone size, and the angle of the macropore structure on the strength of SRMCM through the microscopic level of stone rotation, force chain distribution, and crack propagation. As the macropore structure that intersects with the preset shear plane at a large angle could act as a skeleton-like support to resist the shear force, the fracture of the weak cemented surface of soil and stone in the macropore structure is an important cause of SRMCM destruction.     

Application of transparent soil model tests to study the soil-rock interfacial sliding mechanism

When transparent soil technology is used to study the displacement of a slope, the internal deformation of the slope can be visualized. We studied the sliding mechanism of the soil-rock slope by using transparent soil technology and considering the influence of the rock mass Barton joint roughness coefficient, angle of the soil mass, angle of the rock mass and soil thickness factors on slope stability. We obtained the deformation characteristics of the soil and rock slope with particle image velocimetry and the laser speckle technique. The test analysis shows that the slope sliding can be divided into three parts: displacements at the top, the middle, and the bottom of the slope; the decrease in the rock mass Barton joint roughness coefficient, and the increase in soil thickness, angles of the rock mass and soil mass lead to larger sliding displacements. Furthermore, we analyzed the different angles between the rock mass and soil thickness. The test result shows that the displacement of slope increases with larger angle of the rock mass. Conclusively, all these results can help to explain the soil-rock interfacial sliding mechanism.     

Stability analysis of intermittently jointed rock slopes based on the stepped failure mode

In practical engineering, due to the noncontinuity characteristics of joints in rock slopes, in addition to plane failure, stepped sliding failure may occur for intermittently jointed rock slopes. Especially for intermittently bedding jointed rock slopes, the correlation and difference in strength parameters between joints and rock bridges, along with the various failure modes and intermittency of rock bridges, contribute to the complexity of stepped failure modes and the unpredictability of fai...     

基于物理模型试验的杆塔基础滑坡防护措施效果研究

大量穿越山地丘陵区的高压输电线路杆塔基础常位于滑坡灾害高易发斜坡地段,施加适当防护措施提高其稳定性,是保障输电线路持续安全运行的关键。为研究不同防护措施对杆塔基础滑坡的防护效果,以湖北省巴东县燕子滑坡为地质原型,设计制作物理试验模型,分别开展了极端降雨条件下滑坡在无防护、施加抗滑桩与格构护坡时的物理模型试验,从试验角度揭示了滑坡变形破坏特征与不同防护措施的防护效果。试验结果表明：在2种极端降雨工况(50,100 mm/h)下,无防护的滑坡体历经了坡表冲刷、裂缝扩展、局部垮塌变形与整体滑动的演化过程;抗滑桩措施对滑坡整体的防护效果显著,滑坡整体处于稳定状态,杆塔基础变形较小,杆塔倾斜率满足规范,但坡表会出现冲刷垮塌现象;格构护坡措施能有效减少坡面冲刷和坡脚垮塌风险,但在持续强降雨条件下对杆塔基础的整体稳固作用稍弱。物理模型试验结果与滑坡历史变形和实际治理效果吻合,试验结论可为类似杆塔基础滑坡的破坏机理研究与防护工程设计提供借鉴。     

基于物理模型试验的多层滑带滑坡变形演化特征

滑坡变形演化特征一直是滑坡灾害预测与防治领域急需解决的关键问题,但对于多层滑带滑坡的变形演化特征却少有研究。以物理模型试验为手段建立了三层滑带滑坡物理试验模型,完成了多层滑带滑坡变形演化全过程的模拟。基于PIV技术获取坡表位移数据,通过柔性测斜仪监测滑坡深部位移,同时布设土压力盒获取滑坡内部土压力的变化情况,实现了多层滑带滑坡演化过程多参量数据分析。试验结果表明,多层滑带滑坡破坏过程可分为初始、等速、加速和破坏4个阶段。不同破坏阶段滑坡的主要变形区域不同,下层滑体受到上层滑体牵引作用,在重力和推力作用下滑坡变形逐渐向浅层发展。变形过程中滑坡应力逐渐向滑带集中,滑坡推力沿埋深方向呈多级梯形分布。加速变形阶段滑带处应力迅速增大,滑坡体内产生多层应力集中带,滑带位置推力变化与滑坡位移显著相关。     

基于物理模型试验的多层滑带堆积层滑坡—抗滑桩受力特征

研究抗滑桩的受力特征是进行抗滑桩设计工作的关键。我国三峡库区部分堆积层滑坡发育多层滑带,而目前抗滑桩的设计方法仅针对单层滑坡,因此,对多层滑带堆积层滑坡—抗滑桩受力特征的研究具有重要意义。基于三峡库区堆积层滑坡工程地质特征,开展了多层滑带堆积层滑坡物理试验模型,在滑坡的后缘施加推力来模拟滑坡演化过程,同时监测滑坡—抗滑桩体系的多场信息。试验结果表明,在多层滑带堆积层滑坡的演化过程中,桩身受力表现出了很好的规律性。根据坡表位移的变化趋势,将滑坡演化分为4个阶段,在此基础上对桩身受力进行分析。滑坡推力分布图式中出现了4个极大值,土体抗力分布图式中出现唯一最大值,该试验结果为抗滑桩的设计提供了一定的理论支持。      

基于内外功率比的非直线坡面型边坡的稳定系数研究

在边坡稳定性上极限分析中,由于考虑了材料的理想弹塑性本构关系与相关流动法则,相比极限平衡法更符合岩土材料的特征。在以往的二维边坡极限分析上限法中,要求坡面形态为规则的直线,而无论是天然边坡还是人工边坡,边坡的坡面形态往往并非规则的直线。此外,以往的边坡极限上限分析中得到的稳定数N_s=c/γH主要针对土坡的临界高度计算,且未考虑孔压等外力对边坡施加的外功率。不同于传统极限平衡法采用静力学的平衡条件,本研究针对非直线型坡面边坡稳定性问题,假定滑动面为对数螺旋线,基于极限分析上限定理和虚功原理,提出了一种边坡发生旋转破坏时旋转中心的确定方法,推导出了非直线型坡面边坡的重力虚功功率和能量平衡方程的解析解,并提出了基于内、外功率之比的稳定系数K用以评价边坡的稳定性。通过算例比较了不同形态天然边坡的稳定性和人工削坡对边坡稳定性的影响,并分析了边坡的坡度(β)、土体的内摩擦角(φ)、黏聚力(c)以及孔压系数(r_u)对稳定系数K的影响规律。对于坡度较大的边坡,通过削坡改变坡面形态提高了边坡的稳定系数K。稳定系数K随黏聚力的增加而非线性增大,随孔压系数的增加而...     

基于遗传算法的智能组卷研究

通过分析智能组卷的要求,建立了组卷问题的数学模型,提出一种基于遗传算法的智能组卷策略.通过引人自适应交叉和变异算子,使遗传算法在一定程度上抑制了"早熟"收敛现象的发生.     

基于贝叶斯网络的Web访问模式挖掘模型系统

根据用户的访问记录,以及每次检索输入的关键词、用户的动作来动态更新用户的兴趣点.提出了一个能较好吻合这一思想的数据挖掘模型,以用户的停留时间、访问频率和用户输入的检索关键词为数据对象,进行用户兴趣分析,动态跟踪用户需求意向,简化检索过程,提高WEB资源的使用效率.     

基于客体扩展的RBAC模型研究

提出了一种扩展客体层次的权限策略模型,通过重新定义客体域、扩展安全定义和操作规则,更加适应多级复杂客体权限系统的要求.     

Evolution model and failure mechanisms of rainfall-induced cracked red clay slopes:insights from Xinshao County,China

Red clay landslides are widely distributed worldwide, resulting in severe loss of life and property. Although rainfall-induced red clay slopes have received extensive attention, the role of cracks in the evolutionary process of red clay slopes and their connection to failure mechanisms is still poorly understood. A comprehensive approach integrating field investigation, laboratory tests, and numerical simulations was conducted to study the 168 red clay landslides in Xinshao County, China. The re...     

并行网络机群的网络通信时间分析

LogP模型作为一种并行算法设计模型，它的性能参数较好地反映了并行计算的实际问题。讨论了它的特点，分析了轻载条件下的网络延迟、额外开销时间，并对相应参数进行试验测试。提出在网络机群并行计算环境中，依据LogP模型设计并行算法，以粗粒度发送长消息是减少通信开销，提高并行效率的有效方法。     

Influence of non-dimensional strength parameters on the seismic stability of cracked slopes

Cracks in rock or soil slopes influence the stability and durability of the slopes. Seismic forces can trigger slope disasters, particularly in the cracked slopes. Considering the nonlinear characteristics of materials, the more generalized nonlinear failure criterion proposed by Baker is adopted. The influence of non-dimensional strength parameters on the stability of cracked slopes under earthquakes is performed using the upper bound limit analysis. The seismic displacement is calculated by adopting the logarithmic spiral failure surface according to the sliding rigid block model. Based on the existing studies, two methods for the stability analysis of cracked slopes under earthquakes are introduced: the pseudo-static method(with the factor of safety(Fs) as an evaluation index), and the displacement-based method(with the seismic displacement as an evaluation index). The pseudo-static method can only determine the instantaneous stability state of the cracked slope, yet the displacement-based methodreflects the stability variation of cracked slopes during earthquakes. The results indicate that the nondimensional strength parameters affect the factor of safety and seismic displacement of slopes significantly. The non-dimensional strength parameter(n) controlling the curvature of strength function shapes on the slope stability is affected by other parameters. Owing to cracks, the effect of non-dimensional strength parameters on seismic displacement becomes more significant.     

Boundary effect of toppling failure based on three-dimensional mechanical model

Previous researches on the mechanical model of toppling failure mainly concentrated on twodimensional mechanical model(TwDM) analysis. The TwDM analysis assumes the width of the slab beam is unit width without considering the lateral constraint force. The assumed conditions are obviously different from the site conditions, thus there is a certain difference between the calculated results and the field work. A three-dimensional mechanical model(ThDM)of toppling failure was established, considerin...     

基于文本分类的语义平滑在语言模型中的应用

平滑在语言模型的信息检索中很重要,它用来调整语言模型的参数使得所估算的参数更精确匹配语言模型。除了优化参数估计之外,一个必不可少的功能是避免语言模型中的未见项被赋予零概率。传统的平滑方法补偿词概率通常是使用一个背景集合词库,但是这样的补偿方法过于平均化而不能考虑上下文关系从而不能提高检索性能。提出了一种新的上下文相关语义平滑方法,这种新方法使用了文本分类技术。     

基于灰色马尔科夫模型的地基承载力预测

地基是工程建设的基础,其承载力计算和预测十分关键,决定着建筑工程上部结构的安全性与稳定性。为实现小数据量、短周期、较高精度的地基承载力预测。本研究提出以地基静载试验数据为依据,利用灰色模型进行计算,结合马尔科夫优化,建立灰色马尔科夫预测模型,预测固定荷载作用下的地基沉降,进而明确相应沉降下的基地承载力。同时,将该模型与传统的灰色GM(1, 1)模型、指数曲线拟合模型进行对比,分析3种模型的优劣。结果表明,案例一中,静载试验下的地基承载能力完好,灰色马尔科夫模型、GM(1, 1)模型、指数曲线模型预测值与实测值的平均相对误差依次为1.55%,3.80%,10.22%,灰色马尔科夫模型精度最高,更契合地基静载试验,能准确有效地明确地基承载力;案例二中,地基在静载试验下发生破坏,破坏前灰色马尔科夫模型预测值与实测值的平均相对误差仅为0.5%,预测效果良好。破坏时,地基沉降迅速增加,加载点模型预测值与实测值的相对误差出现异常,骤增至26.29%,以此可判断破坏前一级加载序列荷载为该地基的极限承载力。运用此模型指导地基静载试验,在保障工程施工安全的前提下,相邻试验点可以适当减少静载试验次数,节约工程施工成本,为信息化地基静载试验提供一个新的计算工具。