不同生长阶段红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)循环水养殖系统的水质调控和氮磷收支研究

循环水养殖系统具有节水、省地、环保等优点,目前在国内外水产养殖中得到广泛应用,养殖过程中水质的动态变化反映鱼类养殖生长环境状况,氮磷收支规律反馈养殖系统是否具有高效性,二者可评估特定养殖生物在特定养殖条件下的养殖效果。为了了解循环水养殖系统水质变化与氮磷收支规律,通过对不同生长阶段(一龄与二龄)红鳍东方鲀循环水养殖系统的水质、鱼体及饲料中氮、磷的定期采样,计算氮、磷的输入与输出量,比较了系统水质变化与氮磷收支规律。结果显示,一龄和二龄的红鳍东方鲀养殖系统分别在投喂后2、4、10、14 h和2、4、14、18 h出现营养盐浓度高值点,建议针对处于不同生长阶段的红鳍东方鲀养殖系统需对不同时间段进行水质重点监测,主成分分析表明亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮参数可作为红鳍东方鲀循环水养殖水质的指示因子。一龄和二龄的红鳍东方鲀养殖系统中用于鱼体生长发育的氮元素分别占总输出的25.16%和28.41%,用于鱼体生长发育的磷元素分别占总输出的47.37%和51.66%,二龄的红鳍东方鲀养殖系统与一龄养殖系统的氮磷吸收率相比有显著性提高(P<0.05)。实际生产中可通过增加二龄红鳍东方鲀专用饲料蛋白质与磷...     

红鳍东方鲀养殖技术研究现状及展望

<正>红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes),属鲀形目(Tetraodontiformers)、鲀亚目(Tetraodontoidei)、鲀科(Tetraodontidae)、东方鲀属(Takifugu),俗称河鲀、廷巴、腊头、龟鱼等,为近海底层食肉性鱼类,主要分布于北太平洋西部的日本、朝鲜半岛和中国沿海[1]。因其味道鲜美、肉质细嫩,经济价值高昂,在中国北方地区和日本、韩国等形成养殖规模。目前国内外对红     

主要营养素源组合对暗纹东方鲀生长、消化吸收和水环境的效应

为探讨主要营养素源组合对暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscures)(172.87g±6.71g)生长、消化吸收和水环境的影响和效应,作者采用3×2×2三因素设计,蛋白质水平—43%、40%、37%,分别以P43、P40、P37表示,脂肪水平——10%、7%,分别以L10、L7表示;蛋白源鱼粉水平——高鱼粉(49%~55%)、低鱼粉(39%~45%),分别以FH、FL表示,形成12种试验处理组(1#-12#)饲粮。试验期77 d。结果表明:1#(P43L10FH)、9#(P40L10FL)增质量率和饲料系数最优,显著或明显优于较好的3#(P40L10FH)、11#(P37L10FL)和7#(P43L10FL),9#饲料系数较3#显著降低28.3%;低鱼粉组(9#、11#、7#)显著提高胰蛋白酶和肠脂肪酶活性,9#其活性较1#分别显著提高21.09%、14.39%;高脂肪极显著提高吸收酶活力(P0.01),且具有增强多数消化酶活力的趋势;高鱼粉组和低鱼粉高蛋白组的氨氮、亚硝酸氮、磷酸盐相对浓度变化呈现普遍高于其他低鱼粉组的趋势或特征,以11#、9#、7#、1#相对较低,11#、9#氨氮浓度较3#分别显著降低73.97%、58.75%;9#、11#、1#亚硝酸氮、磷酸盐浓度不同程度极显著降低(P0.01);高脂肪有降低磷酸盐和COD的趋势。总之,本研究值得关注的新发现是:低鱼粉组9#、11#、7#饲粮分别显著或明显提高生长、消化性能,并显著改善水生态环境,营养素源组合正效应突出,不仅节约鱼粉资源,且饲粮组成更经济,具有重要理论和应用价值。     

4种裸胸鳝的分子遗传多样性和亲缘 关系的RAPD 分析

采用29个随机引物,对海南近海及西沙的野生群体黄边裸胸鳝(Gymnothorax flavimarginatus)、云纹裸胸鳝(Gym-nothorax chilospilus)、波纹裸胸鳝(Gymnothorax undulatus)及细斑裸胸鳝(Gymnothorax fimbriatus)的基因组DNA进行了RAPD分析,并用UPGMA法对这4种裸胸鳝进行聚类分析。研究结果表明:(1)黄边裸胸鳝、云纹裸胸鳝、波纹裸胸鳝及细斑裸胸鳝4种裸胸鳝群体内遗传多样性都较高,其多态位点比率分别为68.65%、57.00%、50.80%、67.42%,平均杂合度分别为0.222 1%、0.207 4%、0.166 6%、0.221 2%,表明南海野生裸胸鳝遗传变异水平较高,种质资源状况良好;(2)4种裸胸鳝种间遗传距离及聚类分析表明,黄边裸胸鳝与细斑裸胸鳝遗传距离最近(0.340 6);黄边裸胸鳝与云纹裸胸鳝的次之(0.386 8);云纹裸胸鳝与波纹裸胸鳝的最远(0.531 2)。(3)在7个引物中,有区分云纹裸胸鳝、波纹裸胸鳝及细斑裸胸鳝的特异性片段,可用于这些裸胸鳝的鉴定。     

4种石斑鱼的分子遗传多样性和亲缘关系的RAPD分析

采用25个引物,对海南养殖的点带石斑鱼、广东养殖的斜带石斑鱼、南海西沙野生鲑点石斑鱼和蜂巢石斑鱼的基因组DNA进行了RAPD分析,并用UPGMA法对4种石斑鱼进行聚类分析.研究结果表明:(1)野生鲑点石斑鱼和蜂巢石斑鱼群体内遗传多样性较高,多态位点比率分别为58.07%和55.65%,平均遗传杂合度分别为0.1793和0.1622,表明南海野生石斑鱼遗传变异水平较高,种质资源状况良好;而养殖的点带石斑鱼和斜带石斑鱼遗传多样性偏低,多态位点比率分别为49.70%和40.38%,平均遗传杂合度分别为0.1349和0.1135,表明石斑鱼养殖群体遗传多样性水平有所下降,应及时采取适当的保护措施.(2)4种石斑鱼种间遗传距离及聚类分析表明,点带石斑鱼与斜带石斑鱼遗传距离最近(D=0.2570);鲑点石斑鱼与蜂巢石斑鱼遗传距离次之(D=0.5146);斜带石斑鱼与蜂巢石斑鱼的亲缘关系最远(D=0.5810).(3)在8个引物中,有区分4种石斑鱼的特异性片段,可用于这些石斑鱼的鉴定.     

五种双壳贝类贝壳微观结构观察与成分分析

利用扫描电镜技术、X-射线粉末衍射技术和弱酸去钙法,对菲律宾蛤仔、文蛤、厚壳贻贝、泥蚶、缢蛏5种习见海洋经济贝类贝壳的断面微观结构、物相组成、有机基质和蛋白质含量等进行了观察和分析。电镜观察结果显示, 5种贝壳的微观结构主要包含棱柱层和珍珠层;棱柱层晶体结构有斜棱柱层、球棱柱层、棱柱层、均质层和交错板状层5种类型,其中缢蛏只有斜棱柱层,而泥蚶除球棱柱层外,其他4种晶体类型均存在,此复杂结构可能与其贝壳强度大有关;珍珠层晶体结构有珍珠层和肌棱柱层2种类型,其中厚壳贻贝的珍珠层呈典型的“砖-泥”结构,具有明显的层状结构,其余4种贝壳珍珠层均由不规则块状结构组成。X-射线衍射结果显示,菲律宾蛤仔、文蛤、缢蛏和泥蚶4种贝壳都属于文石质壳体,无机相几乎由文石组成,而厚壳贻贝属于混合质壳体,无机相由文石和方解石组成;贝壳化学成分分析显示,5种贝壳有机质含量均为3%左右,而总蛋白含量占有机质的2.98%～7.21%,其中可溶性蛋白是不可溶蛋白含量的5.55～20.31倍。上述结果为贝壳形成机理的研究积累了基础资料。     

菊黄东方鲀胚胎及仔稚幼鱼的发育

本文报道了菊黄东方鲀胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育情况.其结果表明:在水温20-21℃、盐度20-30、pH值8.0-8.3的条件下,受精卵受精后2h为2细胞期、15h为囊胚期、30h为原肠期、55h为胚体期、152h孵出仔鱼;孵出仔鱼在水温19-28℃、盐度20-30、pH8.0-8.3条件下,孵化后5d开口、18d进入稚鱼期、40d进入幼鱼期.此外,对胚胎及仔稚幼鱼各发育阶段进行较详细描述、测量并给出示意图.     

菊黄东方纯胚胎及仔稚幼鱼的发育

本文报道了菊黄东方纯胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育情况．其结果表明：在水温20～21℃、盐度20～30、pH值8．0～8．3的条件下，受精卵受精后2h为2细胞期、15h为囊胚期、30h为原肠期、55h为胚体期、152h孵出仔鱼；孵出仔鱼在水温19～28℃、盐度20～30、pH8．0～8．3条件下，孵化后5d开口、18d进入稚鱼期、40d进入幼鱼期．此外，对胚胎及仔稚幼鱼各发育阶段进行较详细描述、测量并给出示意图．     

双斑东方鲀人工繁殖及育苗技术

本文报道了福建省水产研究所 2 0 0 1年双斑东方人工繁殖及育苗过程与结果 .在春季当海水水温达到 1 6℃以上时 ,用DOM、LRH A3或HCG进行催产 ,混和或单一使用 ,剂量视亲鱼性腺成熟度而定 .受精卵在水温 1 8.0～ 2 2 .4℃、盐度 2 2 .1～2 8.6条件下 ,经 1 1 7～ 1 56h孵化 .用 2 0 5万尾开口仔鱼培育出平均全长为 3 7mm ,平均体重为 1 .3 g的鱼苗 52 .3 5万尾 ,成活率 2 5.5%.此外 ,对亲鱼的暂养、催产、受精卵的孵化、仔鱼的前期培育和后期培育等关键环节进行了探讨 .     

连云港陆桥经济发展问题研究

从全球发展大势来看,以连云港为东桥头堡直抵荷兰鹿特丹的新亚欧大陆桥,连接亚欧两洲,对世界物流将产生巨大影响。从全国发展大势来看,连云港在东部开放、西部开发的战略中处于特殊地位。在地理位置上,连云港是沿海和沿桥的结合部。优势和特点具体表现在：一是亚欧大陆桥呈东西双向开放,连接亚欧两大国际市场,是一条国际贸易通道;二是新亚欧大陆桥沿线交通运输网络立体化,综合     

Communicating research on the economic valuation of coastal and marine ecosystem services

Quantifying the monetary value of ecosystem services (ES) provided by coastal and marine resources can help policy makers assess the trade-offs and synergies inherent in ecosystem-based management of marine and coastal environments, thus increasing the social efficiency of decision-making processes. As shown by the valuation literature, the number of coastal and marine management settings where valuation researchers have attempted to make a contribution is rising fast. However, this rise in research activity has not been matched by the increase in the use of economic valuation (EV) in the actual management of coastal and marine resources. This raises an interesting question: is EV responding to the needs of policy makers? This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the knowledge base regarding the economic values for coastal and marine ecosystems. It then discusses how to improve the uptake of ES valuation research by focussing on two core issues which are thought to be essential for more effective communication with the policy community.     

Prioritising species for research,conservation and management: a case study of exploited fish species

Studies that categorise species according to their conservation status often fall short in their implementation by not having taken into account the impacts on, or the response from, those that either benefit from, or exploit, the resource under consideration. This is especially true in multispecies fisheries where personnel and funding limitations often create the dilemma over which species should be the first to receive management and research attention. This study uses a multicriteria decision analysis approach to prioritise 176 South African linefish species on the basis of a number of criteria indicating conservation and socio-economic, including fishery sector, importance. For each species, conservation criteria were: abundance trend, level of knowledge, vulnerability, range, and relative exploitation throughout that range. Sectoral criteria were: total catch, degree of targeting, the number of participants and the economic value of each species. The scores given to each species on the basis of each of these criteria were summed to allow an examination of each fish's importance from the points of view of (i) conservation, (ii) each fishery sector separately and combined, and (iii) the overall combined conservation and sectoral importance. Different weight sets were used in the weighted summation of the scores, and results were examined for sensitivity. The results were reasonably insensitive to these changes in weights. Relative scores within each of the fishery sectors were dominated by two or three species. Consequently, the scores separating the remaining species from each other were small. This meant that, in many cases, even when the rank of species changed by a number of places with a different weight set, the differences in score were slight. On the whole, the top fish included the most important species in each sector and biogeographical region and in terms of conservation. The separate and overall rankings should assist in the development of broadly acceptable management strategies for different fish species.