Management Challenges for Aboriginal Cultural Heritage in Peri-urban Queensland

It is often assumed that places of cultural significance to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are protected under cultural heritage legislation such as the Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003 in Queensland. Such Acts are improvements on previous policies, which all but neglected Aboriginal cultural heritage. Nevertheless, the aims of policies developed at wider geographic scales, such as States within the Australian system, continue to be disconnected from the experiences of some local Traditional Owners. In this paper, we examine conflicts between non-local policy and on-ground management decisions for Aboriginal cultural heritage in peri-urban Queensland. We focus on the challenges of local Traditional Owners in peri-urban landscapes, basing our discussion on recent experiences conducting research on Indigenous land management in southeast Queensland. We examine three case studies: one in which colonial heritage values were prioritised over existing Aboriginal cultural heritage values, a second where local government failed to support a private landholder’s attempt to identify and protect a cultural heritage site, and a third where a cultural heritage site was protected but in a way that restricts the continuation of cultural practices. Developing more productive and equitable relationships between Traditional Owners and non-Indigenous decision makers, with regards to Aboriginal cultural heritage, requires new locally developed processes for engagement and we suggest how this could be achieved.     

Rights or Containment? The politics of Aboriginal cultural heritage in Victoria

Aboriginal cultural heritage protection, and the legislative regimes that underpin it, constitute important mechanisms for Aboriginal people to assert their rights and responsibilities. This is especially so in Victoria, where legislation vests wide-ranging powers and control of cultural heritage with Aboriginal communities. However, the politics of cultural heritage, including its institutionalisation as a scientific body of knowledge within the state, can also result in a powerful limiting of Aboriginal rights and responsibilities. This paper examines the politics of cultural heritage through a case study of a small forest in north-west Victoria. Here, a dispute about logging has pivoted around differing conceptualisations of Aboriginal cultural heritage values and their management. Cultural heritage, in this case, is both a powerful tool for the assertion of Aboriginal rights and interests, but simultaneously a set of boundaries within which the state operates to limit and manage the challenge those assertions pose. The paper will argue that Aboriginal cultural heritage is a politically contested and shifting domain structured around Aboriginal law and politics, Australian statute and the legacy of colonial history.     

三峡区域非物质文化遗产特点与旅游开发研究

非物质文化遗产是一种重要的旅游资源,有着很大开发前途。三峡区域非物质文化遗产丰富多彩,特色鲜明。对三峡区域非物质文化遗产资源的特点进行了分析概括,即多元性与丰富性,原生性与原创性,群众性和参与性,文化艺术价值高,濒危程度高。针对性地提出了旅游开发对策,即科学指导,持续发展;全面普查,筛选资源;统筹规划,合理利用;突出特色,打造精品;整合资源,创新开发。     

社区增权视角下文化遗产地治理路径优化

以湖南省龙山县惹巴拉村寨为例,采用文本分析法与深度访谈法,基于社区增权视角,优化文化遗产地治理路径。结果发现：1）文化遗产地社区失权体现在经济失权、心理失权、社会失权及政治失权4个方面。2）文化遗产地通过权力合作、权力共有及权力激励等社区赋权方式再分配资源、权益及资本。3）权力共有路径下,强化政策透明度和社区话语权,有助于社区主体参与治理;权力合作路径下,扩充资源分配渠道、强化主体合作关系,有助于社区治理渠道扩展;权力激励路径下,规范治理主体、治理对象及监管方式,有助于社区治理政策细化。文章借助“社区增权”理论,将旅游引发的“社区失权”改进为“社区增权”,补充完善文化遗产地治理研究,可为其他少数民族文化遗产地的治理提供参考。     

红河哈尼梯田文化景观遗产地中学生环境解说需求

位于红河哈尼梯田世界文化遗产核心区内的元阳一中中学生为研究对象,采取问卷调查法,对遗产地中学生的环境解说需求进行分析。结果表明：在解说内容的需求上,环境知识（4.05）＞环境意识（4.00）＞环境技能（3.95）,且发现性别与环境意识、技能,年级与环境知识、意识、技能,地区与环境知识、技能具有显著性差异,说明遗产地中学生对环境解说内容整体处于需要状态,且不同社会背景特征的中学生具有明显的需求差异;解说活动与形式上：发现中学生对亲身体验（83.3%）、据点解说（80%）、实地考察（87.7%）等媒介和形式需求度高,对解说牌示（19.9%）互联网（19.9%、解说折页（17.5%）等媒介和形式的需求度较低,且发现性别与解说空间方式、传统节日解说方式、环境问题解说方式,年级与解说媒介、参与环境活动方式,居住形式、户口类别、地区与参与环境活动方式、解说活动类型均具有显著性相关关系,说明遗产地中学生对解说媒介和形式具有明显的需求差异,且这种差异与性别、年级、居住形式等社会背景具有明显的相关关系。总之,遗产地中学生对环境解说的需求明显且以参与性较强的亲身体验和实地考察为主,因此,针对这个群体的解说应该以参与式为主。     

滨水区工业遗产保护与城市记忆延续研究——以杭州运河拱宸桥西工业遗产为例

工业遗产是社会工业文化的重要表征,承载着城市近现代化发展过程中的文化历史景观和记忆,为城市保留和建构了社会公共记忆的空间与素材。产业结构的转型和文脉保护意识的觉醒,使得滨水区遗存和集聚的码头、仓库、工厂成为近现代工业遗产。以杭州运河拱宸桥西工业遗产的博物馆化发展模式为案例,重点解析和梳理了滨水区工业遗产通过形态保护全面化、功能定位平民化、遗产展示活态化、运作机制创新化和展陈手法数字化等措施,有效延续城市记忆。最后,将杭州运河工业遗产的城市记忆延续归纳为“双层模式”,并访谈了多利益主体对其的评价,以期为未来类似研究提供一个比较参考。     

Collaborative Governance and Conflict Management: Lessons Learned and Good Practices from a Case Study in the Amazon Basin

Abstract

Given the linkages between natural resources and social conflicts, evidence increasingly shows that successful natural resource management requires conflict mitigation and prevention. However, there may be a gap in practice between knowing what processes and tools need to be used to manage conservation conflicts and how to actually implement them. We present learning from a practice-based case study of conflict management in the Amarakaeri Communal Reserve in the Peruvian Amazon that aimed to develop natural resource governance institutions and build stakeholder capacity, including of indigenous groups, to navigate existing conflict resolution mechanisms. Through applying good practices in conservation conflict management and collaborative governance, we generated important lessons on the practical considerations involved in collaborative conservation. These lessons, while specific to our case, could be applied to a variety of protected areas facing complex social-ecological systems dynamics and wicked problems.     

聚落型文化遗产整合保护空间网络构建研究--以陕西省汉唐帝陵群为例

构建联系而完整的遗产地空间体系是文化遗产保护利用的国际共识和国内实践需求,但既有研究主要聚焦线性文化遗产。鉴于此,针对聚落型文化遗产,结合研究的网络化转向,提出遗产网络空间组织模式及其构建路径和方法;以陕西省汉唐帝陵群为例,构建帝陵间交通和旅游网络关系矩阵,综合运用中心度指标、捷夫模式、凝聚子群分析、加权核密度估计、引力模型等方法,识别帝陵网络节点、集群、轴线,形成“点—群—轴—网”空间结构。结果表明:1)汉唐帝陵网络节点分3个层级,其中7个一级节点与杜陵、桥陵、乾陵3个二级节点构成网络的核心节点。节点中心性主要受其结构位置影响,与其旅游利用程度也有关联。2)汉唐帝陵网络中存在3大派系、7个小团体以及基于此划分的乾县—礼泉—泾阳唐陵、泾阳—三原—富平唐陵、蒲城唐陵、咸阳原帝陵、西安东南台塬汉陵5大集群和汉云陵、汉太上皇陵、唐光陵3个相对孤立的节点。3)汉唐帝陵网络的轴线为“一弧、一纵、两横”,分两主两次,连接核心节点和集群,形成“十点辐射引领、五群协调发展、四轴串联带动”的整合保护空间网络结构。     

南方山区县域森林可持续经营对策--以福建省永安市为例

以福建省永安市为例,探讨南方山区以集体林为主的县域森林可持续经营对策,旨在为相类似区域森林可持续经营对策研究提供借鉴。根据区域可持续发展的要求和森林可持续经营标准与指标的启示,从林业可持续发展环境辨识体系、林业可持续发展目标决策体系、森林可持续经营的保障体系、森林可持续经营技术体系、森林可持续经营信息支撑体系和森林可持续经营能力建设体系等六个方面,构建福建省永安市森林可持续经营对策的总体框架,并在这个总体框架下,分别从发展条件、发展目标、发展保障、发展技术、发展信息支撑、发展能力建设等六方面阐述其森林可持续经营对策。