中小型电力设计企业改制与发展问题研究

目前中小电力体制第三次改革已正式启动，打破垄断，开放市场，已是大势所趋，中小型电力设计院作为垄断性经营的保护对象，也本次改革的主体与对象，面临着“脱钩、改、走市场”艰难考验和开放市场的巨大竞争压力，改制与发展问题成为困扰企业经营者的难题，本文首先从战略的角度对中小电力设计院的基本情况，市场环境，资源与能力等几个方面进行了分析，得出企业在开放的市场条件下将处于不利的市场经济地位，企业难于发展的结论，造成这种局面的根源在于企业缺乏核心竞争力，其次，本文对企业核心竞争力进行了深入剖析，提出了打造核心竞争力三个层面和二十一个着力点，再次，从企业面临的机遇与挑战，论述了改制对提升企业核心竞争力的推动作用，得出了改制必须以提升企业为核心竞争力为出发点和关键目标的结论。最后，根据上述分析，选择比较了四种改制模式，谨供管理者参考。     

北京理正软件设计研究院 “提升勘察设计企业核心竞争力信息化研讨会”在京召开

[本刊讯]2009年4月16日,由北京理正软件设计研究院主办的“提升勘察设计企业核心竞争力信息化研讨会”在京召开。此次会议的主题为“通过建设适用于民建设计院的协同设计整体解决方案、适用于专业设计院的协同设计整体解决方案、符合中国国情的总承包监管系统解决方案,来提升勘察设计单位核心竞争力”。会议的内容包括设计活动全过程的信息化建设一协同设计＋协同管理;     

进入大企业借“航母”优势求发展

山东省冶金设计院进入大型企业集团后,利用集团的管理优势得到迅速发展壮大。提高了经济效益和整体竞争力,其经验可供有关设计院进行产权改革参考。     

竞争优势源于企业资源和能力的深度开发

新经济时代的竞争是企业核心力的竞争，谁拥有竞争优势谁就拥有市场。铁道第四勘察设计院在多年的改革、发展过程中，总结出一条成功的基本理论：竞争优势源于企业资源和能力的深度开发。而且用实践证明，国有企业深度开发企业的资源和能力，其市场竞争力并不会低于外资、私营企业。     

百强设计院概览

在闻名遐迩的胜利油田,有一支享誉神州的勘察设计劲旅,他就是全国百强设计单位——胜利石油管理勘察设计院。这个有着36年发展历史的国家甲级勘察设计单位,改革开放二十多年来,特别是近十年来,始终坚持“以胜利油田的发展为大局,以科技创新为根本,以市场为导向,以科学管理、提高质量为基础,提高核心竞争力,实现持续稳定发展”的工作方针、勘察、设计、研究等各项工作有了长足地发展,现已成为技术先进、实力雄厚的大型综合性设计院,     

坚持创新是魂,走创新与能力取胜之路建设创新型国际化的工程咨询设计企业(摘要)

1科技创新是提高企业核心竞争力的源动力 胡锦涛总书记2006年1月在全国科学技术大会上的讲话指出：“建设创新型国家，核心就是把增强自主创新能力作为发展科学技术的战略基点，走出中国特色自主创新道路，推动科学技术的跨越式发展；就是把增强自主创新能力作为调整产业结构、转变增长方式的中心环节，建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，推动国民经济又快又好发展。”[第一段]     

工厂设计方法探讨

工厂设计中，设计院已从过去的主导地位转到了怎样满足用户的需求上，如何既领会用户的要求，又在设计中体现设计院的整体水平，笔者有如下几点认识：深入了解，吃透意图；转换角色，真心诚意；提出问题，为用户着想；设计成果，更上一层楼。     

与时俱进 做强做大 争创一流

综合性设计院如何有效应对入世后的挑战与机遇？如何积极响应江泽民总书记的“走出去”战略。该文介绍了机械工业第二设计研究院在深化改革，联合重组，创建国际型工程公司，全面提高核心竞争力等方面所做的大胆探索，可为兄弟单位思路创新提供借鉴。     

普华科技携手华北电力设计院搭建特色工程管理集成平台

近日,普华科技与中国电力工程顾问集团华北电力设计院工程有限公司（以下简称“华北电力设计院”）签约,决定在原有普华工程项目管理信息系统的基础上,合作搭建具有华北电力设计院特色的工程管理集成平台,以支持其在新环境下转型升级、提升国际竞争力、驱动商业创新。     

对国土资源科技管理工作的几点思考

随着“十五”规划的实施，对国土资源的需求在不断增加，国土资源供需矛盾将会更加突出，科技管理是解决这一矛盾的主要途径，从国土资源科技管理工作的现状出发，认为当前解决好三个认识、处理好三个关系是十分必要的。（1）三个认识是：（1）认清科技管理在整个国土资源领域中的地位；（2）认识政府职能部门和企事业单位科技管理的差异性；（3）认识资源管理科学和资源应用科技都是生产力。（2）三个关系是：（1）科技管理统与分的关系；（2）组织科技医疗关与科技成果推广的关系；（3）直属单位科技管理与系统管理的关系。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.