基于改进 GLCM 的侧扫声纳影像分类研究

提出一种基于改进GLCM的算法IGLCM用于侧扫声纳影像的分类,IGLCM反映像素与其邻域像素的灰阶联合分布,全面描述像素与其邻域像素所在区域的纹理特征。利用GLCM和IGLCM分别提取4种纹理特征,应用支持向量机对侧扫声纳海底底质进行分类。研究结果表明,IGLCM分类精度优于GLCM,更适合侧扫声纳分类。     

Object-based classification of hyperspectral data using Random Forest algorithm

This paper presents a new framework for object-based classification of high-resolution hyperspectral data. This multi-step framework is based on multi-resolution segmentation (MRS) and Random Forest classifier (RFC) algorithms. The first step is to determine of weights of the input features while using the object-based approach with MRS to processing such images. Given the high number of input features, an automatic method is needed for estimation of this parameter. Moreover, we used the Variable Importance (VI), one of the outputs of the RFC, to determine the importance of each image band. Then, based on this parameter and other required parameters, the image is segmented into some homogenous regions. Finally, the RFC is carried out based on the characteristics of segments for converting them into meaningful objects. The proposed method, as well as, the conventional pixel-based RFC and Support Vector Machine (SVM) method was applied to three different hyperspectral data-sets with various spectral and spatial characteristics. These data were acquired by the HyMap, the Airborne Prism Experiment (APEX), and the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) hyperspectral sensors. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more consistent for land cover mapping in various areas. The overall classification accuracy (OA), obtained by the proposed method was 95.48, 86.57, and 84.29% for the HyMap, the APEX, and the CASI data-sets, respectively. Moreover, this method showed better efficiency in comparison to the spectral-based classifications because the OAs of the proposed method was 5.67 and 3.75% higher than the conventional RFC and SVM classifiers, respectively.     

洪泽湖湿地纹理特征参数分析

应用纹理特征进行影像分类,关键在于纹理特征参数的确定。以洪泽湖湿地典型地区为研究对象,选择灰度共生矩阵进行纹理特征计算,探讨灰度共生矩阵窗口尺寸、移动步长、方向和纹理特征统计量对淡水湖泊湿地的区分能力;然后,利用纹理特征和地物光谱特征,结合决策树方法对研究区湿地及其他主要地类进行分类,并通过混淆矩阵进行精度评价。结果表明:研究区湿地分类中纹理特征的最佳窗口大小为3像元×3像元,方向为90°,步长为1个像元,纹理特征统计量组合为均值、熵和相关度;分类精度为83.24%,Kappa为0.788,其结果验证了纹理特征参数选择的科学性和合理性。     

Land use and land cover classification over a large area in Iran based on single date analysis of satellite imagery

Accelerated soil erosion, high sediment yields, floods and debris flow are serious problems in many areas of Iran, and in particular in the Golestan dam watershed, which is the area that was investigated in this study. Accurate land use and land cover (LULC) maps can be effective tools to help soil erosion control efforts. The principal objective of this research was to propose a new protocol for LULC classification for large areas based on readily available ancillary information and analysis of three single date Landsat ETM+ images, and to demonstrate that successful mapping depends on more than just analysis of reflectance values. In this research, it was found that incorporating climatic and topographic conditions helped delineate what was otherwise overlapping information. This study determined that a late summer Landsat ETM+ image yields the best results with an overall accuracy of 95%, while a spring image yields the poorest accuracy (82%). A summer image yields an intermediate accuracy of 92%. In future studies where funding is limited to obtaining one image, late summer images would be most suitable for LULC mapping. The analysis as presented in this paper could also be done with satellite images taken at different times of the season. It may be, particularly for other climatic zones, that there is a better time of season for image acquisition that would present more information.     

结合深度学习的高光谱与多源遥感数据融合分类

高光谱数据具有丰富的光谱特征,但是其空间分辨率相对较低.一些遥感数据具有与高光谱数据互补的优势,例如提供更精细的空间信息的高空间分辨率数据和具有高度信息的激光雷达LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging)数据.通过将高光谱数据与多源遥感数据进行融合,可以弥补高光谱数据空间分辨率相对较低,空间特...     

A shadow- eliminated vegetation index (SEVI) for removal of self and cast shadow effects on vegetation in rugged terrains

ABSTRACT

The effect of terrain shadow, including the self and cast shadows, is one of the main obstacles for accurate retrieval of vegetation parameters by remote sensing in rugged terrains. A shadow- eliminated vegetation index (SEVI) was developed, which was computed from only red and near-infrared top-of-atmosphere reflectance without other heterogeneous data and topographic correction. After introduction of the conceptual model and feature analysis of conventional wavebands, the SEVI was constructed by ratio vegetation index (RVI), shadow vegetation index (SVI) and adjustment factor (f (Δ)). Then three methods were used to validate the SEVI accuracy in elimination of terrain shadow effects, including relative error analysis, correlation analysis between the cosine of solar incidence angle (cosi) and vegetation indices, and comparison analysis between SEVI and conventional vegetation indices with topographic correction. The validation results based on 532 samples showed that the SEVI relative errors for self and cast shadows were 4.32% and 1.51% respectively. The coefficient of determination between cosi and SEVI was only 0.032 and the coefficient of variation (std/mean) for SEVI was 12.59%. The results indicate that the proposed SEVI effectively eliminated the effect of terrain shadows and achieved similar or better results than conventional vegetation indices with topographic correction.     

兰州市南北两山植被覆盖度动态变化遥感监测

本文基于植被指数(NDVI)和植被覆盖度像元分解模型,建立了兰州市南北两山植被覆盖度遥感定量模型,在此基础上研究了兰州市南北两山1991年和2006年两个时期的植被覆盖度动态变化,结果表明:1991-2006年兰州市南北两山绿化工程区植被覆盖度总体呈上升趋势,低植被覆盖度面积减小,中高和高植被覆盖度面积增加,其中七里河工程区植被覆盖度变化最为明显,绿化效果较好,安宁工程区绿化效果相对较差,结果可为兰州市南北两山绿化工程提供科学依据。     

The effect of short ground vegetation on terrestrial laser scans at a local scale

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can record a large amount of accurate topographical information with a high spatial accuracy over a relatively short period of time. These features suggest it is a useful tool for topographical survey and surface deformation detection. However, the use of TLS to survey a terrain surface is still challenging in the presence of dense ground vegetation. The bare ground surface may not be illuminated due to signal occlusion caused by vegetation. This paper investigates vegetation-induced elevation error in TLS surveys at a local scale and its spatial pattern. An open, relatively flat area vegetated with dense grass was surveyed repeatedly under several scan conditions. A total station was used to establish an accurate representation of the bare ground surface. Local-highest-point and local-lowest-point filters were applied to the point clouds acquired for deriving vegetation height and vegetation-induced elevation error, respectively. The effects of various factors (for example, vegetation height, edge effects, incidence angle, scan resolution and location) on the error caused by vegetation are discussed. The results are of use in the planning and interpretation of TLS surveys of vegetated areas.     

结合光谱与纹理信息的SVM遥感土壤盐渍化信息提取研究

本文为了提高地物识别的正确性,克服异物同谱和同物异谱现象,以渭干河?库车河三角洲绿洲为例,利用ETM+数据,探讨了该绿洲盐渍化土地覆盖信息的提取方法。文章提出了基于SVM的光谱和纹理两种信息复合的分类方法,通过此方法对该绿洲进行分类研究,并将分类结果与最小距离法、最大似然法(MLC)和单源数据(光谱)SVM分类结果进行定性和定量比较分析。研究结果表明:该方法能够有效地解决单数据源分类效果破碎、分类精度不高等问题,并对高纬输入向量具有较高的推广能力,因此该方法更适合于遥感图像分类和盐渍化信息提取,是地物遥感信息提取的有效途径。     

地基激光雷达森林近地面点云精细分类与倒木提取

本文利用地基激光雷达实现天然林区近地面点云数据的精细分类和倒木提取。对大兴安岭天然林区的3个倒木样地进行了近地面1.3 m以内点云精细分类和倒木信息提取。为避免点云密度差异和遮挡的形态特征,点云分类时基于自适应临近搜索法计算团块协方差特征值构造3D和2D特征。使用k临近递增的团块协方差特征值得到的线性特征、面状特征和发散状特征构造最大熵函数,用最大熵函数取得最大值时的临近点云计算特征参数,根据递归特征排除法(RFE)筛选重要变量进行随机森林分类。利用自适应kNN特征得到3块研究样地(A、B、C)的分类总体精度分别为93.17%、94.52%、95.16%;固定k临近搜索时,总体精度分别为92.65%、89.09%、92.99%,表明自适应kNN搜索方法使分类精度有一定提高。提取倒木点云去噪处理后进行随机抽样一致圆柱拟合,根据轴线方向进行圆柱的筛选与合并,实现倒木的识别,样地倒木识别率为100%。