Developing a web-based spatial decision support system for geothermal exploration at the Olkaria geothermal field

ABSTRACT

Geothermal exploration is a complex process that spans a number of disciplines. Before a decision is made to drill a geothermal well, there is need for an extensive exploration process to determine the most suitable location. The process of evaluating and analyzing data from individual scientific disciplines can be complex and tedious. Attempts have been made at solving this problem using GIS-based tools but the uptake of these tools is often hindered by the limited knowledge of GIS by decision makers. This paper presents an approach for solving the geothermal exploration question through a web-based spatial decision support system (SDSS) that incorporates the various geosciences through a multi-criteria spatial decision analysis model. The results reveal a decision-making gap that is to be filled using a novel, automated exploration SDSS. This approach hypothesizes an easier and faster decision-making process. The research focuses on Olkaria, an active geothermal area in Kenya, East Africa and highlights a pragmatic approach to identifying priority areas for drilling. It evaluates contributions made by many disciplines in identifying potential sites ideal for harnessing geothermal energy and the gaps that emerge in an effort to synergize the results from the different disciplines.     

The framework of a geospatial semantic web-based spatial decision support system for Digital Earth

Abstract

While significant progress has been made to implement the Digital Earth vision, current implementation only makes it easy to integrate and share spatial data from distributed sources and has limited capabilities to integrate data and models for simulating social and physical processes. To achieve effectiveness of decision-making using Digital Earth for understanding the Earth and its systems, new infrastructures that provide capabilities of computational simulation are needed. This paper proposed a framework of geospatial semantic web-based interoperable spatial decision support systems (SDSSs) to expand capabilities of the currently implemented infrastructure of Digital Earth. Main technologies applied in the framework such as heterogeneous ontology integration, ontology-based catalog service, and web service composition were introduced. We proposed a partition-refinement algorithm for ontology matching and integration, and an algorithm for web service discovery and composition. The proposed interoperable SDSS enables decision-makers to reuse and integrate geospatial data and geoprocessing resources from heterogeneous sources across the Internet. Based on the proposed framework, a prototype to assist in protective boundary delimitation for Lunan Stone Forest conservation was implemented to demonstrate how ontology-based web services and the services-oriented architecture can contribute to the development of interoperable SDSSs in support of Digital Earth for decision-making.     

基于MapGIS图元参数检索开发与应用

根据GIS空间数据包含的信息:①空间定位数据;②属性数据;③空间图元信息。把数据检索进行重新分为空间检索、属性检索和空间图元参数检索等3类,并利用Visual basic6.0+Map GIS6.5二次开发函数库设计和开发出图元参数条件查询模块。该模块是空间检索和属性检索的有益的补充,且界面友好,可以有效地通过空间实体的图元参数进行数据检索,并应用于西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿预测评价中,成功地通过图元参数检索提取了岩浆岩、断裂构造等有用信息。     

空间辅助决策支持系统的应用模型及管理研究

应用建模是空间辅助决策支持系统有效管理和使用模型的基础。本文抽象了空间辅助决策应用模型的组成结构和建立过程,分析了空间辅助决策应用模型的特点;接着分基础空间模型库、基础非空间模型库、应用模型库、模型管理库四部分探讨了空间决策支持系统中应用模型的管理,最后给出了相应的建设性结果。     

Development of a GIS-based decision support system for assessing land use status

IntroductionAgriculturallandusepatternsandtheirchangesaretightlyrelatedwithagriculturepolicyandfoodsecurityissuesundergrowingfooddemand,assess mentofglobalclimatechangeimpactsonagricul ture,environmentalissuesduetotheintensificationofagriculturallandusessuchaswaterpollution,soildegradation,andrecentlywaterscarcityissues.Soasustainableandholisticplanningandmanage mentoflandresourcesshouldcombineallthesere latedinformationwithefficienttoolsforassessmentandevaluationinordertopermitbroad ,interact…     

Development of a GIS-based decision support system for assessing land use status

The objectives of this study are to assess land suitability and to predict the spatial and temporal changes in land use types (LUTs) by using GIS-based land use management decision support system. A GIS database with data on climate, topography, soil characteristic, irrigation condition, fertilizer application, and special socioeconomic activities has been developed and used for the evaluation of land productivity for different crops by integrating with a crop growth model—the erosion productivity impact calculator (EPIC). International food policy simulation model (IFPSIM) is also embedded into GIS for the predictions of how crop demands and crop market prices will change under alternative policy scenarios. An inference engine (IE) including land use choice model is developed to illustrate land use choice behavior based on logit models, which allows to analyze how diversified factors ranging from climate changes, crop price changes to land management changes can effect the distribution of agricultural land use. A test for integrated simulation is taken in each 0.1o by 0.1o grid cell to predict the change of agricultural land use types at global level. Global land use changes are simulated from 1992 to 2050.     

GIS- and RS-based spatial decision support: structure of a spatial environmental information system (SEIS)

Abstract

The development of spatial decision support for environmental resource management, e.g. forest and agroecosystem management, biodiversity conservation, or hydrological planning, started in the 1980s and was the focus of many research groups in the 1990s. The combined availability of spatial data and communication, computing, positioning, geographic information system (GIS)- and remote sensing (RS)-technologies has been responsible for the implementation of complex SDSS since the late 1990s. The regional GIS-based modelling of environmental resources, and therefore ecosystems in general, requires setting-up an extensive geo and model database. Spatial data on topography, soil, climate, land use, hydrology, flora, fauna and anthropogenic activities have to be available. Therefore, GIS- and RS-technologies are of central importance for spatial data handling and analysis. In this context, the structure of spatial environmental information systems (SEIS) is introduced. In SEIS, the input data for environmental resource management are organised in at least seven sub-information systems: base geodata information system (BGDIS), climate information system (CIS), soil information system (SIS), land use information system (LUIS), hydrological information system (HIS), spatial/temporal biodiversity information system (STBIS), forest/agricultural management information system (FAMIS). The major tasks of a SEIS are to (i) provide environmental resource information on a regional level, (ii) analyse the impact of anthropogenic activities and (iii) simulate scenarios of different impacts.     

基于空间基准线的水平位移监测方法探讨

常规水平位移监测方法,如视准线法、小角度法、极坐标法等受场地条件限制较大,应用中受到一些限制。文中提出一种新的水平位移监测方法——空间基准线法,此方法受场地限制小,设站灵活,并能保证监测的精度和可靠性,已在工程实践中取得良好的效果。     

GeoSurveillance: a GIS-based system for the detection and monitoring of spatial clusters

This article introduces a software package named GeoSurveillance that combines spatial statistical techniques and GIS routines to perform tests for the detection and monitoring of spatial clustering. GeoSurveillance provides both retrospective and prospective tests. While retrospective tests are applied to spatial data collected for a particular point in time, prospective tests attempt to incorporate the dynamic nature of spatial patterns via analyzing time-series data to detect emergent clusters as quickly as possible. This article will outline the structure of GeoSurveillance as well as describe the statistical cluster detection methods implemented in the software. It concludes with an illustration of the use of the software to analyze the spatial pattern of low birth weights in Los Angeles County, California.      

基于J2EE的水环境决策支持系统的研究与实践

结合汾河水环境决策支持系统建立的经验,介绍了系统采用的J2EE技术,以此为工具构建了汾河流域在网络环境下的决策支持系统的基本框架,分析了系统的构建技术和策略,阐述了应用系统的详细功能组成.     

基于智能手机的嵌入式空间数据采集系统研制

随着北斗定位系统、GIS、网络通讯及智能设备等技术的快速发展,基于智能手机的嵌入式移动GIS将具有高精度定位、野外数据采集、实时动态数据传输等功能。结合嵌入式GIS产品Arc GIS for Android、无线通讯技术、GPS技术、移动计算机设备等,研究人员研发了一个基于智能手机的嵌入式空间数据采集系统。该系统具有GPS定位、野外数据采集、坐标转换、数据预处理、数据存储与输出等功能,可为国土、测绘及电力等部门野外空间数据的快速获取提供技术支撑。     

GeoSOT时空编码的海量照片组织检索方法

经过对用户行为模式调查,照片管理主要涉及了照片的位置、时间、目录以及标签等信息。针对个人照片数据日益增多,由于其大数据量、异构性等特点,传统的管理方式已经无法适应照片的检索需求的现状,该文提出了一种基于标识的照片组织管理方式。根据时空唯一性的特点,通过GeoSOT位置码+时间码唯一标识照片,同时在数据库中存储用户关心的其他标签,并对编码建立了相应的索引。最后,对编码生成和照片检索的效率进行了实验验证,结果表明该组织方式能够高效地管理个人照片数据。     

基于空间粒度的矢量空间数据比例尺估算方法

志愿者地理信息近年已得到广泛应用,鉴于有些来源数据可能缺少比例尺说明,因此对矢量空间数据比例尺的估算十分必要。本文提出了一种通过计算和统计矢量空间数据的空间粒度,估算矢量空间数据比例尺的方法。首先,以道路要素为例选取多种空间粒度,包括单类别道路空间数据的最短直线段长度和弯曲的最小面积等,并通过线性插值方法拟合空间数据比例尺估算函数;其次,以北京市1∶25万、1∶100万、1∶400万比例尺道路矢量空间数据作为试验样本数据,详细阐述了基于空间粒度估算比例尺的过程;然后,统计了不同类型空间粒度的数量分布,基于开方根规律量化了比例尺与空间粒度单元数量之间的对应关系;最后,试验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,有利于多尺度多源数据的融合和应用。     

基于ArcIMS的实时水雨情监测系统开发与应用研究

ArcIMS是ESRI第二代基于Web的GIS平台,用于Internet及其环境中发布和共享空间数据,并提供丰富的GIS互操作功能。实时水雨情动态监测系统是基于WebGIS技术,利用ArcIMS加以实现的动态监测系统。该系统使遥测设备接收到的水雨情数据在WebGIS平台中电子地图相关监测点实时、动态反映,并且能够以曲线图等直观图形式表现出来,为水雨情动态监测信息共享提供了开放的信息空间,从而辅助工作人员进行正确与及时的决策。     

基于无人飞行器遥感的矿区沉陷控制及景观规划研究

空间信息在矿区陆面演变的研究中发挥着重要的作用,但由于矿区特殊的地理地貌特点,传统的空间数据获取方法无法满足;无人机遥感系统方便、快捷,本文探讨了基于无人机遥感系统的矿区空间信息获取及其在矿区沉陷控制与景观规划建设中的应用。     

基于弹性力学思想的河流等高线冲突自动处理方法

文中分析河流等高线冲突的自动处理方法,按照地图综合原理,提出基于弹性力学思想的河流、等高线冲突自动检测和纠正算法。该算法实现河流等高线的冲突探测,并对目标进行受力分析,运用平面杆件弹性体的受力变形模型,得到目标的位移量。该方法在纠正冲突的同时保证目标空间关系的正确,实验证明算法具有较高效率。     

基于自回归法的滑坡监测数据Kalman滤波的应用

介绍了卡尔曼滤波的基本模型,针对运动学方法以监测点位置参数、速率参数为状态向量,以加速度为噪声向量建立观测方程和状态方程的过程比较复杂。把自回归法引入状态方程和观测方程的建立中,并结合某露天矿滑坡动态监测数据分析了模型的应用。结果表明,滤波值和观测值之间差值保持在1～3cm之间,滤波后图像较原观测值图像更为光滑,表明所建模型是合适的,能够反映滑坡动态变化过程,从而为矿滑坡监测预报提供数学工具。     

澜沧江流域降水量空间分布的克里格插值分析

澜沧江流域范围狭长,地形起伏较大,降水等气候信息复杂多变,获取困难。而使用地质统计学当中的克里格插值方法,可以对降水量的空间分布情况进行插值分析,获取流域内及周边地区的降水量空间分布特征。本文对地质统计学及克里格插值的基本理论进行了简单介绍,利用降水量空间分布的各向异性特征,对澜沧江流域多年平均降水量进行了空间插值处理,对试验误差进行了比较,并对流域内降水量的整体分布特征和其中部分地区降雨量异常的原因进行了初步的分析。     

基于土地利用类型提高人口格网数据空间精度的方法

高空间精度的人口格网数据具有空间分辨率高、人口空间分布特征准确的特点,在受灾人群估计、城市规划建设等领域有广泛的应用。针对已有的公开人口格网数据集(如WorldPop世界人口格网数据集)存在人口空间分布特征在小尺度上刻画不准确、空间分辨率较低的问题,本文使用东营市土地利用类型数据,结合地类权重和面积权重对WorldPop数据进行空间精度优化,获得东营市东营区黄河路街道25 m人口格网数据。相较于WorldPop数据,经过本文方法处理后的数据集空间分辨率更优,在可视化对比中,能够更准确地刻画人口分布特征,并在各地类人口占比统计中人口空间分布与用地单元分布一致性更高。该方法为获取小区域高空间精度人口格网数据提供了一种新思路。     

基于GeoServer的国土空间规划野外调查辅助平台搭建与应用

地形地貌、土壤、覆被类型、社会经济等基础资料及卫星影像对规划工作十分重要,而很多资料分散于多个互联网资源及研究者中.本文借助云服务器,在GeoServer协助下构建WebGIS服务,并以OpenLayers为客户端发布专题地图信息,为国土空间规划所在地区提供与自然环境和社会经济相关的基础资料.