渤海湾盆地石炭二叠系盖层及其沉积控制

在对渤海盆地石炭一二叠系盖层泥岩特征观察的基础上，通过对粘土矿物含量的相对定量分析及孔隙度、渗透率的统计分析，结合沉积控制，评价了该区盖层泥岩的封闭能力：结果表明，渤海湾盆地上、下石盒子组盖层泥岩分布范围广，保存完整，湖泊相和泛滥平原相泥岩具有较好的封闭性，可作为区域盖层，下石盆子组盖层泥岩的孔隙度和渗透率又明显低于上石盆子组，封盖性更好；太原组和山两组的泻湖相和三角洲平原相发育的泥岩也作为局部盖层。泥岩的异常压力封闭是该区盖层研究的重点。     

Hydrocarbon Generation Evaluation of Permo-Carboniferous Source Rocks in Qinggu-2 Well in Dongpu Depression,China

The Dongpu (东濮) depression is a Mesozoic subsidence and Cenozoic fault basin developed within the North China craton. Since the deposition of Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rock, the depression has undergone many tectonic disturbances and uplifts. The source rocks have undergone nonuniform uplift, deformation, deep burying, and magmatism, and those led to an interrupted or stepwise evolution of the hydrocarbon source rocks in Qinggu (庆古)-2 well. We have investigated the history of burying, heating, ...     

Hydrocarbon Generation Characteristics of Source Rocks from Different Saline Environments in the Dongpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China

The Dongpu Depression is a secondary salt-bearing tectonic unit in the Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China. The depositional environment of this depression regarding its Paleogene strata is clearly different in plane, including the saltwater environment(SE) in the north, the freshwater environment(FE) in the south and the brackish water environment(BE) in the middle. The result of oil and gas exploration in the Dongpu Depression shows that more than 90% of the proven oil reserves are distributed in the northern saltwater environment. Previous studies indicate that the organic geochemistry characteristics and the hydrocarbon generation capacity of the source rocks are very clearly diverse under different environments, which results in the significant differences in the proved reserves between the north and the south. In order to further explore the differences in the hydrocarbon generation capacity of the source rocks under distinct depositional environments and the mechanism of their occurrence, three samples from different depositional environments(W18-5 for SE, H7-18 for BE, CH9 for FE) were used for confined gold tube pyrolysis experiments. The results show that the CH4 yields of W18-5, H7-18 and CH9 increase with increasing temperature, the maximum yields being 405.62 mg/g TOC, 388.56 mg/g TOC and 367.89 mg/g TOC, respectively. The liquid hydrocarbon yields of W18-5, H7-18 and CH9 firstly increase with increasing temperature and then decrease after the critical temperatures. The maximum yields of C6-14 are 149.54 mg/g TOC, 140.18 mg/g TOC and 116.94 mg/g TOC, the maximum yields of C14+ being 852.4 mg/g TOC, 652.6 mg/g TOC and 596.41 mg/g TOC, respectively for W18-5, H7-18 and CH9. To summarize, the order of hydrocarbon potential from high to low is W18-5, H7-18 and CH9. On this basis, through analyzing the influencing factors of hydrocarbon differences, this paper reveals that the saltwater environment is characterized by 4 factors: higher salinity, halophilic algae, high paleo-productivity and a strongly reducing environment, which are beneficial to the enrichment of organic matter and lead to the formation of high levels of sapropelite and exinite. According to the variation of oil and gas components in the pyrolysis experiments, the hydrocarbon generation process is divided into three stages: kerogen cracking, oil cracking and C2-5 cracking. Combined with hydrocarbon generation characteristics and stages, the evolutionary model of hydrocarbon generation for source rocks under different environments is established.     

二次生烃迟滞性定量评价方法及其在渤海湾盆地中的应用

中国叠合盆地古生界烃源岩具有多次埋藏、异常受热、多次生烃和多次成藏的特点。不同成熟度、不同母质类型样品热解和高压釜模拟实验反映烃源岩的二次生烃不遵循Tissot经典的连续生烃演化模式,具有显著的迟滞效应,这种迟滞程度与烃源岩二次生烃时的原始成熟度有关,当Ro 等于 0.9%左右时迟滞性最小。究其原因受化学动力学机制控制,二次生烃反应活化能的分布体现了一次生烃受热降解形成的中间产物在一次演化中止前未能有效释放而部分聚集在干酪根内的特性以及化学结构在冷却后的高度固化,导致二次增温初期中间产物的快速释放和化学结构再次活化的惰性,从而使得二次生烃显现出脉冲式的非连续演化过程。基于二次生烃迟滞性量版,结合渤海湾盆地具体地质条件,从生烃史和生烃阶段组合的关键要素入手,采用关键要素递阶优选原则,依次通过对显著生烃深度、生烃率等要素的递阶分析,确定了渤海湾盆地二次生烃有利区.     

南堡凹陷古近系层序地层格架中烃源岩分布与生烃特征研究

南堡凹陷油气资源丰富,古近系主要分布有沙三段、沙一段和东三段三套有效烃源岩。在层序地层学研究的基础上,应用有机地球化学、有机岩石学和沉积有机相等研究手段和方法对东三段、沙一段和沙三段不同层序和同一层序不同体系域中烃源岩特征进行综合研究。结果表明,南堡地区烃源岩非均质性特征明显,烃源岩生烃的层位主要分布于SQ9、SQ5~SQ8、SQ2和SQ1的湖扩展体系域和早期高位体系域,SQ2为优质烃源岩段。造成这种非均质性的主要原因是不同体系域的沉积特征,这影响着烃源岩有机质类型和保存条件。     

渤海湾盆地南堡大油田的形成条件与富集机制

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷近年来油气勘探取得重大突破,发现了南堡大油田,南堡凹陷成为渤海湾盆地油气富集程度最高的富油凹陷之一.通过大量的采样分析工作,发现了南堡凹陷古近系沙河街组特别是沙三4亚段发育高丰度的优质烃源岩,TOC高达5%以上,有效烃源岩厚度在250m左右;镜质体反射率(Ro)在0.8%以上,无定形体和藻质体是烃源岩...     

通化盆地下白垩统烃源岩石油地质特征及生烃潜力研究

通化盆地是松辽盆地东部外围的油气远景区之一,烃源岩发育特征和生烃潜力等问题未知,制约着盆地基础油气资源研究和后续油气资源勘探部署工作。为揭示通化盆地下白垩统烃源岩生烃潜力和页岩油气的赋存状态,在盆地内部署通地1井,对岩芯样品进行系统取样,完成了暗色泥岩有机质丰度、类型和成熟度的测试工作。实验结果表明,通化盆地下白垩统亨通山组暗色泥岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型为主,局部含有Ⅲ型,镜质组反射率分布范围为0.972%~1.127%,已进入大量生烃的成熟阶段;下桦皮甸子组暗色泥岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅰ型为主,局部含有Ⅱ和Ⅲ型,镜质组反射率在0.986%~1.399%之间,已进入大量生烃的成熟阶段。其地球化学特征和世界上许多页岩油气田的烃源岩有相似之处,综合研究表明通化盆地下白垩统具有较好的常规油气和页岩气生成潜力。     

渤海湾地区X型正断层及油气意义

本文主要利用地震资料解释成果,对渤海湾地区广泛发育的X型正断层的剖面变形特征、形成演化过程和机理及其油气意义进行分析。渤海湾地区X型正断层可分为新生型和继承型两类,在剖面上组合形成对称或非对称的X型形态。新生型和继承型X型正断层具有不同的形成演化过程与控制机理。新生型X型正断层与断裂带的右行走滑作用有关,是在断层的同步滑动过程中形成的。而继承型X型正断层的形成与基底先存断裂的继承性活动密切相关,是基底断裂优先活动的结果。渤海湾地区X型正断层对油气聚集成藏的有利作用主要表现在：有利于构造和地层圈闭的形成,有利于油气发生运移;有利于改善储层物性。与X型正断层相关的构造和地层圈闭是渤海湾地区值得关注的重要油气勘探领域。     

柴达木盆地东部地区侏罗系烃源岩地球化学特征及生烃潜力评价

借助于Rock -Eval生油岩评价仪、色谱 -质谱、稳定同位素质谱仪、显微镜等分析测试手段,对柴达木盆地东部地区侏罗系烃源岩进行了地球化学特征分析。从有机碳含量、可溶有机质含量及其转化率、热解参数、饱和烃的生物标志化合物特征、有机岩石学特征和饱和烃单体烃碳同位素分布特征几个方面综合分析了侏罗系烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型和成熟度,并对其生烃潜力进行了评价。结果表明:(1 )侏罗系烃源岩有机碳含量高,多数样品属中等～好的生油岩范畴。 (2 )有机质类型多为Ⅲ型,少数为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。 (3)有机质处于低熟 -成熟阶段。 (4)烃源岩多为来源于高等植物的滨浅湖相和沼泽相沉积,具有煤系烃源岩的特点。 (5 )部分地区的生烃潜力较大。     

Structures of the Bohai Petroliferous Area, Bohai Bay Basin

This paper, for the first time, deals with a more systematic study of the structures in the Bohaipetroliferous area that covers nearly one third of the Bohai Bay basin. The study mainly involves the effects of preexisting basement faults on the basin formation, the characteristics of basin geometry and kinetics, the modelling of the tectonic-thermal history, the polycyclicity and heterogeneity in the structural evolution and the natural seismic tomographic images of the crust and upper mantle. The authors analyze the features of the dynamic evolution of the basin in the paper and point out that the basin in the Bohai petroliferous area is an extensional pull-apart basin.     

渤海盆地新生代构造演化特征

在渤海盆地8个主要凹陷各选取一口井,对每口井构造沉降史特征进行分析,结果表明渤海盆地的构造沉降特征各凹陷不统一,南部和北部先沉降,再逐渐向中部迁移,最后以中部沉降为主,沉降中心明显由周缘向盆地中心迁移,反映构造活动的阶段性和地区差异性。在辽东湾选取了一条地质剖面对其做平衡剖面分析,并结合构造沉降史分析,表明渤海盆地的新生代构造演化分为以下3个阶段:a.断陷期,孔店组—沙四段沉积时期为断陷早期,沙三段沉积时期为强烈断陷期;b.断拗期,沙二段—沙一段沉积时期为断拗早期,东三段—东二段沉积时期为强烈断拗期;c.坳陷期(东一段沉积时期—第四纪)。     

渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷不同区带油气成藏期差异性及主控因素

东濮凹陷是渤海湾盆地典型富油气凹陷,利用烃源岩生排烃史模拟和储层流体包裹体分析,对凹陷内不同区带、不同层系油气藏的形成时期及差异性进行了系统研究。结果表明,研究区存在两期成藏:第一期为古近纪东营组沉积后期至抬升初期,第二期为新近纪明化镇组沉积末期,其中第一期为主成藏期。不同区带、不同层系油气充注成藏时期存在明显差异:第一期成藏范围广泛,在全区均有分布,第二期成藏则主要分布于近生烃凹陷区;中浅部层系多为第一期单期成藏,深部层系多为两期成藏,第二成藏期主要分布于深部主力生烃层系中。不同区带及不同层系成藏的差异性主要受控于烃源岩主生排烃期断层活动性和高成熟烃源岩的分布。     

渤海湾盆地青东凹陷古近纪烃源岩热演化史研究

以地震、测井、录井及地球化学资料为基础,本文采用Easy-R o 方法对渤海湾盆地青东凹陷进行了古地温反演,计算 了该地区的古地温梯度,并进一步利用人工取井和盆地模拟方法,确定了沙四上亚段和沙三下亚段烃源岩的成熟度和展布 特征,预测了有利生烃区带的分布。结果表明,青东地区的古地温梯度为3.8℃ /100 m;沙四上亚段烃源岩的成熟度较高, 进入成熟- 高成熟阶段;沙三下亚段的烃源岩成熟度相对较小,为成熟- 低成熟阶段;纵向上,沙四上亚段较沙三上亚段生 烃范围大、烃源岩成熟度高;横向上,主要的生烃区带集中在青东凹陷主体洼陷地区（北部断阶带、北次洼、南次洼、中 次洼）以及青南洼陷,青东凹陷西斜坡地区未进入生烃门限。     

渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷热历史及构造—热演化特征

根据镜质组反射率和磷灰石裂变径迹古温标方法模拟的济阳坳陷地温演化情况表明,地温梯度在坳陷的演化过程中是逐渐降低的。在孔店组-沙河街组沉积期间地温梯度是较高的,最高可达5.5～6.0℃/100m,但在此期间地温梯度下降较快,在东营组沉积时期降为3.5～4.5℃/100m;在馆陶组沉积时期地温梯度变化很小,至第三纪末地温梯度已降至目前的3.5℃/100m左右。济阳坳陷的构造沉降特征表现为孔店组至沙四段沉积期间(65～43Ma)的快速构造沉降阶段和沙三段沉积(43Ma)以后的热沉降阶段,盆地的地热史模拟结果和构造沉降所揭示的坳陷演化阶段具有很好的对应关系。坳陷热历史研究为渤海湾盆地的构造-热演化提供了重要的认识。     

中口子盆地侏罗系煤系烃源岩地球化学特征及生烃潜力评价

甘肃-内蒙古交界处的北山盆地群侏罗系是我国西北地区潜在的油气勘探新领域。为加深对该盆地群资源潜力的认识,以有机地球化学分析数据为基础,探讨了其中煤系烃源岩的沉积环境、有机质来源,建立了该烃源岩生烃潜力评价标准。研究结果表明,中口子盆地侏罗系烃源岩干酪根类型以Ⅱ₁-Ⅱ₂型为主,生烃母质主要是陆生植物,含少量的藻类和水生生物,主要形成于三角洲平原沼泽或湖侵期的间湾湖泊等氧气量适中的弱氧化-弱还原沉积环境。生烃潜量和氢指数是衡量煤系源岩有机质丰度、生烃潜力和生油潜力最有效的指标,根据生烃潜力评价标准：黑帐房凹陷侏罗系暗色泥岩多属于中-差烃源岩,南泉凹陷暗色泥岩生烃潜力级别优于黑帐房凹陷,主要为中-好烃源岩;南泉凹陷炭质泥岩大多数属于中等-好油源岩,煤岩大多属于差油源岩。     

伊通盆地莫里青断陷烃源岩特征及生排烃史

为了综合确定伊通盆地莫里青断陷的主力烃源岩,深化油气成藏动力学过程研究,在烃源岩分布特征及有机质丰度、类型和成熟度分析的基础上,应用含油气盆地数值模拟技术,定量恢复了研究区主要烃源岩层系的生排烃史.研究表明,莫里青断陷主要发育始新统双阳组、奢岭组和永吉组3套烃源岩系,其中双阳组泥岩为主力烃源岩,具较高的有机质丰度、成熟度、生烃强度与排烃效率;以双阳组为烃源岩的油气系统应是该区油气勘探的主要目标.     

盐湖相低演化烃源岩的生烃机理及生物标志物演化特征——沥青“A”热模拟

柴达木盆地盐湖相低演化烃源岩沥青“A”的热模拟研究表明:在热作用下其排烃高峰在热模拟温度较低区间220~270℃，且以非烃和沥青质相对丰度最高为特征。沥青“A”在由未熟—低熟—成熟的演化过程中，各系列生物标志物的成熟速率不同，表现为正构烷烃＞藿烷＞甾烷。非烃和沥青质中含杂原子的极性化合物在热模拟温度300℃后开始大量发生脱羟基、脱羧基、脱羰基及链断裂反应。沉积有机质在低演化阶段甾烷C29 ββ/(ββ+αα)值异常高表明该地区细菌微生物发育。柴达木盆地低演化烃源岩在较低温度区间大量排烃，是细菌微生物对沉积有机质改造后其活化能大大降低所致。     

东濮凹陷新生代的热历史

东濮凹陷是渤海湾盆地南缘极具油气开采潜力的凹陷,本文揭示该凹陷新生代埋藏史、热史及烃源岩演化史.利用凹陷各构造单元18口井的镜质体反射率数据,恢复其埋藏史、热史.结果显示,东濮凹陷经历“一升两降”的构造沉降,并具有“马鞍型”的热演化特征.自沙四段沉积开始至沙三段,地温梯度逐渐增加,在沙三段沉积末期达到最大,为45.2℃～48℃/km.自沙二段沉积开始至今,地温梯度总体逐渐降低,仅在东营组沉积时期出现微弱回升,现今地温梯度为30℃～ 34℃/km.以埋藏史和热史为基础,结合构造及有机地球化学资料,对东濮凹陷18口井烃源岩演化史进行模拟.结果表明,烃源岩热演化受东营组沉积时期的古地温控制,3套烃源岩成熟度均在27Ma(东营组沉积时期)达到最大.     

中国西北侏罗系烃源岩中生油组分和成烃作用

中国西北侏罗系烃源岩中生油组分和成烃作用王飞宇何萍赵长毅（石油大学，北京１０２２００）（石油勘探开发科学研究院，北京１０００８３）关键词生油组分成烃作用煤和陆源有机质生油岩西北侏罗系烃源岩中国西北侏罗系煤系地层作为油源岩正日益受到重视。在吐鲁番盆地［...     

Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment and its Main Controlling Factors in Depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin

Significant differential hydrocarbon enrichment occurs in depressions in a petroliferous basin. There are multiple depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, and each depression as a relatively independent unit of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, contains significantly different hydrocarbon generation conditions and enrichment degree. On the basis of previous documents and a large number of statistical data, this work comparatively analyzed the differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its major controlling factors in depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin have various hydrocarbon enrichment degrees, and can be categorized into four types, namely enormously oil-rich, oil-rich, oily and oil-poor depressions. In general, the enormously oil-rich and oil-rich depressions are distributed in the eastern part of the basin along the Tan–Lu and Lan–Liao faults, whereas depressions in the western part of the basin are poor in hydrocarbons. Moreover, the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons is also highly heterogeneous, with Pre-Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the northern and western depressions, Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the entire basin, and Neogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the off-shore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin. From early depressions in onshore areas to the late depressions in offshore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin, the source rocks and source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages gradually become younger and shallower, and the hydrocarbon resource abundance gradually increases. Hydrocarbon supplying condition is the key factor constraining the hydrocarbon enrichment for different depressions, while the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage, sufficient hydrocarbons and the transportation capacity of faults control the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons. The main factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment are different for different layers. The hydrocarbon supplying condition of source rocks is the key controlling factor, whereas the source-reservoir configuration, the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages, and the fault transportation are the main factors of hydrocarbon enrichment in the Paleogene, Paleogene and Neogene, respectively.