有限元法与伪谱法混合求解弹性波动方程

在地震波场数值模拟中,有限差分法、有限元法和伪谱法都是常用的基本方法,但它们各有不同的适应性和优缺点,如有限差分法、有限元法都存在减弱网格频散和提高计算效率的矛盾,而伪谱法的网格频散小且计算效率高.有限差分法和伪谱法在处理地表结构复杂或地表剧烈起伏以及地下结构复杂的情况时存在较大的难度,而有限元法可较为理想地拟合起伏地表和任意弯曲界面,且可方便地处理自由边界条件和界面边界条件.尝试将有限元法和伪谱法相结合,形成地震波场数值模拟的一种混合方法,利用二者的优点,克服二者的缺点,达到既减弱网格频散又提高计算精度和效率的目的.并采用所谓的‘过度区域‘技术解决两种不同算法的衔接问题.模拟实例表明,给出的混合模拟方法不失为弹性波场数值模拟的一种有效方法.     

Fracture property identification method based on shrinkage factor particle swarm optimization

In the multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration,shear-wave will be split into fast wave and slow wave,when it propagates in anisotropic media. Then the authors can predict polarization direction and density of crack and detect the development status of cracks underground according to shear-wave splitting phenomenon. The technology plays an important role and shows great potential in crack reservoir detection. In this study,the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on shrinkage factor is combined with the Pearson correlation coefficient method to obtain the fracture azimuth angle and density. The experimental results show that the modified method can improve the convergence rate,accuracy,anti-noise performance and computational efficiency.     

APPlication of suPPressing random noise in seismic data based on Trivashrink and DTCWT

In Process of seismic exPloration,the noise of seismic signals Produces serious interference. Conven-tional methods of wavelet threshold denoising cannot fully use the characteristics of seismic signal...     

Joint inversion of magnetotelluric and fullwaveform seismic data based on alternating cross-gradient structural constraints

Magnetotelluric(MT)inversion and seismic inversion are important methods for the interpretation of subsurface exploration data,but separate inversion of MT and seismic produces ambiguous and non-unique results due to various factors.In order to achieve accurate results,the authors propose a joint inversion method of two-dimensional MT and seismic data in the frequency domain.The finite element method is used for numerical simulation of electromagnetic data in the forward modelling,and the Gauss-Newton method is used for the inversion.The 9-point-finite-difference method is used to solve the seismic wave field in the acoustic wave equation,and the inverse problem of seismic data is solved by full waveform inversion with a conjugate gradient,a simple and fast method.Cross gradient functions are used to provide constraint structure between resistivity and velocity parameters to carry out the joint inversion.The joint inversion algorithm is tested by double-rectangular model synthesis data,and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified.The results show that the joint inversion results are better than those from separate inversion.The algorithm is applied to a geophysical model of a metalliferous deposit in Jinchuan and is compared with the separate inversion results.It shows that the results obtained with joint inversion are much closer to the real model.     

瞬变电磁法三维模拟计算研究进展

瞬变电磁法应用于矿产资源、环境工程等领域.目前主流的瞬变电磁三维正演模拟方法包括积分方程法、有限差分法、有限体积法和有限元法.随着观测环境的复杂化以及探测精度要求的提高,有必要研究瞬变电磁法高精度三维模拟计算,以便推动数据处理解释方法的进步.本文系统介绍了瞬变电磁三维正演计算研究进展,分析了准静态差分方程的构建和发射源...     

Ronge-Kutta法在计算复杂构造区域地震波旅行时中的应用

采用Ronge-Kutta射线追踪法对地震勘探中几个典型地质模型的地震波射线路径和旅行时计算的实例和效果进行分析。将Ronge-Kutta射线追踪模拟的结果与程函方程计算的时距曲线结果进行对比,验证了Ronge-Kutta射线追踪法的易实现性和程函方程有限差分旅行时算法的强稳定性,表明Ronge-Kutta射线追踪法在复杂构造区域进行地震射线路径和旅行时计算时能得到较好的模拟效果。     

浅层地下水物探探测方法选择

浅层地下水探测是物探工作重点关注领域之一,本文从地球物理特征出发,结合工作实例,分析电阻率层析成像技术、电测深、大地电磁法、甚低频及浅层地震等方法在地下水探测中的效果,分析各方法探测中优缺点。本文从成本、效率、探测深度、地形条件等不同因素考虑,给出了不同条件下物探方法的选择。文中对不同勘探深度给出了不同的综合勘探手段组合,100m以浅优选层析成像技术、电测深、瞬变电磁法、浅层地震等方法组合,500m以深选择CSAMT法、EH法等组合。     

3D numerical simulation in acoustic-elastic coupled media with staggered-grid finite-difference method

Acoustic-elastic coupled media is often encountered in most marine explorations, and accurate simulation of acoustic-elastic coupled media is of great significance. At present, the study of acoustic-elastic coupled media still assumes that the solid of the acoustic-elastic coupled media is isotropic, but this assumption is not in accordance with the actual situation. In this paper, we derive the solid media of acoustic-elastic coupled media from isotropic media to anisotropic media, and propose an acoustic-elastic coupled medium based ontransverse isotropic media with vertical symmetric axes(VTI) to improve the accuracy of forward modeling. Based on the relationship between the Thomsen parameter and the coefficient matrix of the anisotropic elastic wave equation, we transform the Thomson parameter into a velocity model with anisotropic properties. We use a staggered grid finite difference method to simulate the propagation of a wavefield in a three-dimensional acoustic-elastic coupled media. We obtain the snapshots of the wave field when the solid of the acoustic-elastic coupled media is an isotropic medium and a VTI media. When the solid of the acoustic-elastic coupled media is considered VTI media, we can observe the qP wave and qS wave that cannot be observed in the isotropic medium from the wave field snapshot. We can also find that the seismic records obtained by the method we use are more realistic. The algorithm proposed in this paper is of great significance for high-precision ocean numerical simulation.     

基于GPU并行加速的叠前逆时偏移方法

为了提高复杂地下介质的成像精度和偏移算法的计算效率,提出可高效对地下复杂构造进行准确成像的GPU加速叠前逆时偏移方法.该方法采用双程声波方程进行波场延拓,突破倾角限制,借助于高阶有限差分方法实现叠前逆时偏移成像;利用GPU(Graphic Processing Unit)并行加速技术对波场延拓和成像进行计算,相比于传统算法,其计算效率有较大提高,可以解决叠前逆时偏移算法计算量过大问题;在获取波场信息过程中,也采用随机边界条件,实施以计算换存储策略,解决逆时偏移计算中的海量存储问题.模型测试结果表明,该方法能够高效和高精度地对地下复杂地质体成像.     

山东巨野煤田彭庄区地震勘探技术与效果

巨野煤田煤层厚度大而稳定 ,勘探区构造中等偏复杂 ,因而采用地震先行、钻探验证的综合勘探方法。本文介绍了该煤田彭庄勘探区的地震地质条件 ,地震反射波数据的采集与处理 ,断层、褶曲等地质现象的资料解释及地震技术应用效果的验证。     

Numerical simulation of bubble plumes and an analysis of their seismic attributes

To study the bubble plume’s seismic response characteristics, the model of a plume water body has been built in this article using the bubble-contained medium acoustic velocity model and the stochastic medium theory based on an analysis of both the acoustic characteristics of a bubble-contained water body and the actual features of a plume. The finite difference method is used for forward modelling, and the single-shot seismic record exhibits the characteristics of a scattered wave field generated by a plume. A meaningful conclusion is obtained by extracting seismic attributes from the pre-stack shot gather record of a plume. The values of the amplitude-related seismic attributes increase greatly as the bubble content goes up, and changes in bubble radius will not cause seismic attributes to change, which is primarily observed because the bubble content has a strong impact on the plume’s acoustic velocity, while the bubble radius has a weak impact on the acoustic velocity. The above conclusion provides a theoretical reference for identifying hydrate plumes using seismic methods and contributes to further study on hydrate decomposition and migration, as well as on distribution of the methane bubble in seawater.     

山东巨野煤田正邦井田薄煤层区地震勘探效果

山东省巨野煤田正邦井田地质条件较复杂，主采煤层为石炭纪太原组16煤层，属于薄煤层勘探区。根据区内地震地质条件，采用高分辨地震勘探，了解断层、褶曲、16煤层赋存范围等地质问题，经钻孔验证，获得了较好的地震勘探精度和效果。     

复杂山区三维地震勘探野外施工方法

三维地震勘探项目野外复杂的地表情况直接影响地震资料的采集难度和采集质量。通过对河南、内蒙古、新疆、山西等多个省份难度高的复杂山区野外项目现场实际施工经验分析,总结出一些针对复杂山区野外施工的特殊方法,可以有效的降低野外施工成本,提高野外施工效率和质量。     

浅海覆盖区金矿勘查技术方法组合探讨——以胶东三山岛北东浅海区找矿勘查为例

在浅海覆盖区,常规的地质找矿工作开展难度较大,并缺少有效的技术方法,限制了浅海区找矿勘查工作。本文以三山岛北东浅海地区找矿勘查为例,采用重力测量+高精度磁法剖面测量+地震剖面测量+浅钻取样化探剖面测量+钻探的勘查技术方法组合,解译并控制了浅海覆盖区控矿构造,发现了金矿体。结果表明该技术方法在浅海覆盖区找矿勘查的有效性,对浅海覆盖区找矿勘查具有一定的参考价值。     

Application of Fractional Fourier Transform in seismic data denoising

Data processing is a basic and crucial factor in seismic exploration,which can influence the effect of subsequent processing directly． Thus the selection of appropriate method for data processing is one of the most important tasks throughout the work． By simulating,the authors analyze and compare Fractional Fourier Trans- form (FＲFT) and Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD),then summarize the similarities and advantages and dis- advantages of the two methods． The results reveal that FＲFT is more effective and suitable for application in seismic exploration than WVD．     

Application of topography fast marching method in landslide

Geophysical exploration methods are important tools for landslide disaster assessment, landslide treatment scheme design, and landslide prevention engineering. Seismic exploration, as an important geophysical exploration method, plays an critical role in geological disaster evaluation. Traveltime is one of the most frequently used seismic attributes. Among many different traveltime calculation methods, the fast marching method(FMM) is featured for its advantages in high efficiency, high accuracy and strong stability. In this paper, the velocity models are established according to the real landslide models, and then the topography FMM is applied to these landslide models. The calculation results show that topography FMM outperforms in calculating the traveltime for landslides.     

河西重力变化的小波分解与地震活动关系的研究

讨论了小波分析在地震重力测量数据分析中应用的可能性，并采用基于样条函数的小波分析及其相应的Β小波分别计算了河西地区的重力变化资料，其结果如下：①小波分解可有效分离重力场时间变化的不同空间波长成分，更清晰地看清重力场变化与地震活动的关系。②河西地区重力资料分解结果表明：反映该地区浅部物质变化的重力变化高频部分和反映该地区深部物质变化的重力变化低频部分对永登Ｍｓ５．８级地震的反应不明显，而反映该地区中层物质变化的重力变化二、三阶小波分解结果对该地震的反应较明显。重力小波分解计算结果反映的密度变化深度与地震资料统计的震源深度基本一致。     

综合找矿方法在鲁西地区莱芜高家岭金矿勘查中的应用

高家岭金矿地处鲁西泰莱断陷与鲁村凹陷之间的隆起地带,矿体发育于铜冶店-孙祖断裂上盘下接触面的构造蚀变带中,通过地质、物化探综合技术手段圈定了物化探异常,指导探矿工程的布设,进而发现高家岭金矿,矿体平均品位5.61×10^-6,预测金矿金属量6788kg,达到中型矿床规模,取得了良好的找矿效果。区内综合找矿方法的应用对类似地区金矿的勘查具有借鉴意义。     

3D joint inversion of controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric and magnetotelluric data

Different geophysical exploration methods have significant differences in terms of exploration depth,especially in frequency domain electromagnetic(EM)exploration.According to the definition of skin depth,this difference will increase with the effective detection frequency of the method.As a result,when performing three-dimensional inversion on single type of EM data,it is not possible to effectively distinguish the subsurface geoelectric structure at the full scale.Therefore,it is necessary to perform joint inversion on different type of EM data.In this paper we combine the magnetotelluric method(MT)with the controlled-source audio-magnetotelluric method(CSAMT)to study the frequency-domain three-dimensional(3D)joint inversions,and we use the unstructured finite-element method to do the forward modeling for them,so that the numerical simulation accuracies of different electromagnetic methods can be satisfied.By combining the two sets of data,we can obtain the sensitivity of the electrical structure at different depths,and depict the full-scale subsurface geoelectric structures.In actual mineral exploration,the 3D joint inversion is more useful for identifying subsurface veins in the shallow part and blind mines in the deep part.It can delineate the morphological distribution of ore bodies more completely and provide reliable EM interpretations to guide the mining of minerals.     

非地震多方法找油最佳组合问题的初探

非地震找油是对除地震勘探方法以外的物化探找油方法的总称。本文主要综述并探讨了在地质条件比较特殊的地区,通过对多种方法实现最佳组合,提高找油效果等问题。