对电视天气预报节目定位问题的思考

到1998年初,气象部门独立制作电视天气预报节目已有12个年头。最新统计资料表明,全国各地450多家电视台先后播出由气象部门制作的天气预报节目,有27个省（市、自治区）的电视天气预报节目推出了节目主持人,天气预报节目已进入千家万户,受到了广大观众的欢迎,其收视率在各地电视台始终名列前茅。从全国首届电视天气预报节目观摩评比活动中看到,～支活跃而有生机的气象队伍正在积极从事着新兴的气象影视事业。在电视天气预报节目制作硬件建设逐步完善的同时,开展电视天气预报节目制作理论的研究,是摆在每一个气象影视工作者面前的一…     

对气象影视集约化发展的几点思考

通过分析目前山东各地市气象影视的发展情况,指出了县级电视天气预报制作存在的问题,分析了市代县制作天气预报节目的趋势,结合本单位实际,提出了市代县制作电视天气预报节目的方法,并总结了气象影视节目市代县制作模式的利弊.     

专题电视天气预报节目的创意

以淄博市制作干旱专题电视天气预报节目为例,着重介绍专题电视天气预报节目的创意内涵、表现形式以及制作一部好节目的主要创意环节,以达到扩大气象宣传力度,提高电视天气预报收视率的目的。     

电视天气预报节目制作技术的发展

１我国电视天气预报节目制作技术发展概况我国的电视天气预报业务是在改革开放和现代化建设进程中迅速发展起来的。电视天气预报是集气象、电视工程、计算机图形图象、数据通信以及传播艺术等学科为一体的综合性系统工程 ,是随着计算机技术和电视技术的变革而不断更新进步的。最初 ,自行研制开发的视频编码器 ,实现了计算机数字信号转化为电视模拟信号编码技术的突破 ;计算机图形动画的研制开发成功 ,使电视天气预报节目制作技术广泛应用于电视气象服务领域。以国家气象中心为代表 ,纵观技术发展过程 ,我国电视天气预报节目制作大体经历了业…     

电视天气预报中的服务意识

电视天气预报节目是气象科学与电视艺术的结合,是体现气象科学社会应用价值的渠道,目前电视天气预报节目已成为气象为公众服务的主要手段和窗口.然而,电视气象节目仍然存在着一些问题与缺陷,主要体现在服务意识不够强.本文主要就这点提出一些观点和看法,以供探讨.     

地市级气象影视演播制作系统的设计与实现

根据市县级气象影视工作的发展现状,分析了电视天气预报节目的制作原理,设计了气象影视制作系统的设备布设及信号流图,介绍了系统相关核心设备的应用原理及配置情况,分别给出了市、县级电视天气预报节目的制作流程和操作步骤。结合市县级气象影视制作实行节约化的实际情况,设计了一个集主持人解说采集、站点录入配音、节目压缩传输的地市级气象影视制作系统。该系统能够实现市、县电视天气预报节目的集中制作和快速传输,有效提高了工作效率。     

气象电视编导在电视天气预报制作中的作用研究

气象电视编导的工作贯穿电视天气预报制作的始终,电视天气预报节目的制作过程,是编导根据天气预报进行策划、构思、制作、编辑合成的过程。该文从编导的总体策划作用、决定主题作用、质量把关作用、技术指导作用、部门协调作用等几方面阐述了气象编导在电视天气预报制作中的作用。     

探讨青海气象影视中心电视天气预报节目制作系统

利用电视媒介发布天气预报是气象部门对外服务的重要手段,公众通过天气预报了解当地乃至全国的天气情况,可以合理地安排工作和生活,政府各级领导也可以通过电视天气预报了解信息,有效进行防灾、抗灾的决策。因此,搞好电视天气预报节目,可以大大提高气象服务的社会经济效益,扩大气象部门的知名度。本文对青海气象影视中心电视天气预报、节目制作系统的现状进行了分析,由此提出了新一代电视天气预报节目制作系统的机构和连接方式,对节目的运行和维持提出几点粗浅的认识。     

撰写电视天气预报解说词应注意的几个问题

由气象影视部门制作的电视天气预报节目是一个正在兴起的综合性电视节目。电视画面、节目主持人和解说词构成了电视天气预报节目的三大要素。在电视天气预报节目的具体制作过程中 ,影视人员将主要精力都集中在了追求精美的电视画面和塑造节目主持人的高雅气质上 ,而对其解说词的撰写却缺乏足够的认识。目前 ,全国各地的电视天气预报解说词的撰写主要是由气象专业人员完成的。由于其撰写者大多毕业于气象院校 ,严谨有余 ,而活泼不足 ,加之没有可资借鉴的经验 ,撰写出来的解说词因气象专业术语偏多而不够生动 ,其自然难合受众口味。针对这一问…     

电视天气预报的软件制作

介绍气象制作整套电视天气预报节目的方法和过程,重点介绍制作声音、视频和合成电影3个步骤,为地、县两级制作电视天气预报提供参考。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.