攀枝花市雨季开始期的气候分析及其长期预报方法研究

运用攀枝花市气象局提供的市区、仁和区、米易县和盐边县四站历年雨季开始期资料 ,分析了各地雨季开始期的气候特征 ,结合 50 0hPa环流特征指数资料 ,经统计分析 ,建立了预报攀枝花市各县、区的雨季开始期长期预报模式 ,其预报结果令人满意。     

典型相关分析在攀枝花市雨季开始期预报中的应用

利用典型相关分析作攀枝花市雨季开始期预报试验,选择1965~2001年的海洋特征指数、500hpa环流指数、太阳黑子数作为预报因子,建立典型回归模型。再以典型变量作为预报因子,用逐步回归和最优子集回归分别建立各站的预报模型,用2002~2004年的资料进行检验,对比试验结果表明:逐步回归和最优子集回归预报效果较好,典型回归模型效果较差。     

典型相关分析在攀枝花市雨季开始期预报中的应用

利用典型相关分析作攀枝花市雨季开始期预报试验,选择1965～2001年的海洋特征指数、500hpa环流指数、太阳黑子数作为预报因子,建立典型回归模型.再以典型变量作为预报因子,用逐步回归和最优子集回归分别建立各站的预报模型,用2002～2004年的资料进行检验,对比试验结果表明:逐步回归和最优子集回归预报效果较好,典型回归模型效果较差.     

凉山州雨季开始期预报

本文通过对1960～1999年凉山州雨季开始期的分析,揭示了凉山雨季开始期的特点,分析其成因.探讨凉山雨季开始期分片预报区域的划分,利用环流资料和本地地面场气象要素资料,运用数理统计方法分片建立了全州雨季开始期年度预报、汛期预报的逐步回归方程.采用VB研制开发了凉山雨季开始期自动化预报系统软件.     

典型相关分析在攀枝花市雨季开始期预报的应用

利用典型相关分析作攀枝花市雨季开始期预报试验，选择1965—2001年的海洋特征指数、500hpa环流指数、太阳黑子数作为预报因子，建立典型回归模型。再以典型变量作为预报因子，用逐步回归和最优子集回归分别建立各站的预报模型，用2002—2004年的资料进行检验，对比试验结果表明：逐步回归和最优子集回归预报效果较好，典型回归模型效果较差。     

凉山州雨季开始期预报

本文通过对1960－1999年凉山州雨季开始期的分析，揭示了凉山雨季开始期的特点，分析其成因。探讨凉山雨季开始期分片报区域的划分，利用环流资料和本地地面场气象要素资料，运用数理统计方法分片建立了全州雨季开始期年度预报、汛期预报的逐步回归方程。采用VB研制开发了凉山雨季开始期自动化预报系统软件。     

攀枝花市雨季开始期的小波分析与应用

本文简介了小波分析技术的特点及其在大气科学研究中的应用,并用复数形式的Morlet小波分析方法对我市各站的雨季开始期进行分析,得到了各站雨季开始期的多时间尺度周期变化特征,从而为雨季开始期预报提供了一个有力的依据.     

攀枝花市雨季开始期的小波分析与应用

本文简介了小波分析技术的特点及其在大气科学研究中的应用,并用复数形式的Morlet小波分析方法对我市各站的雨季开始期进行分析,得到了各站雨季开始期的多时间尺度周期变化特征,从而为雨季开始期预报提供了一个有力的依据。     

云南雨季早迟的气候特征分析

分析了１００ｈＰａ南亚高压的变化、５００ｈＰａ位势高度距平特征与云南雨季开始期早晚的对应关系,归纳总结了Ｅｌ Ｎｉｎｏ和Ｌａ Ｎｉｎａ事件与西南季风建立、雨季迟早的联系,提出了云南雨季开始早迟的预报思路。     

2001年云南雨季开始偏早与东南亚地区夏季风爆发的关系

通过分析2001年云南雨季开始期东南亚环流形势的逐日演变,并用OLR资料分析了雨季开始前东南亚对流活动的逐日演变.指出云南雨季开始受东南亚地区夏季风影响,东南亚季风爆发早且偏强,导致云南2001年雨季开始偏早,雨量偏多.在预报云南雨季开始时东南亚地区环流的季节调整及对流活动的北上应是重要因素.     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.