环渤海地区14个滨海城市旅游市场竞争态分析

旅游市场竞争态模型是利用旅游市场占有率和旅游市场增长率两个旅游统计指标来反映旅游市场竞争态势的一种分析方法.该模型将整个旅游市场划分为幼童市场、明星市场、金牛市场和瘦狗市场4种类型.文章对环渤海地区滨海城市入境旅游和国内旅游竞争态进行定量分析,并在此基础上提出环渤海地区滨海旅游市场发展策略,以期为该地区的旅游发展决策提供借鉴.     

极地旅游发展研究

文章回顾极地旅游的发展历史,从旅游路线、旅游业发展状况和相关法律规制3个方面概述极地旅游的现状。针对我国极地旅游活动不断增多,但存在法律缺失和市场被国外企业垄断的问题,提出完善法律体系、抓住政策机遇、独立承办项目和开展资源评价的建议,以期促进我国极地旅游业的健康发展。     

中国海洋旅游市场开发的现状分析

海洋旅游作为“生态旅游“的一种将成为21世纪旅游的热点.中国有丰富的海洋旅游资源,海洋旅游市场的开发已初见成效.就我国海洋旅游市场的现状,主要是其构成及所存在的问题进行了简要分析,以期对我国海洋旅游的发展有所帮助.     

南极旅游的发展和对我国的建议

为科学合理开发利用南极旅游资源,促进我国相关领域的发展,文章从旅游人数、旅游线路和方式以及旅游客源3个方面概述南极旅游的发展状况,分析我国在南极旅游发展过程中面临的问题,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明:南极旅游人数1994—2017年经历增多、减少又增多的过程,并于2017年达到新的峰值;西线和乘船是南极旅游的主要线路和方式,其中登陆游客占比较高;美国是南极旅游的最大客源国,我国于2016年成为第二大客源国;面对南极旅游的快速发展,我国面临法律和管理体系不足以及市场利润和话语权缺失的问题,未来应进一步完善法律体系、发展旅游企业和建设基础设施。     

辽宁海洋旅游区位优势与产业发展策略

海洋旅游产业的发展要以良好的海洋环境为依托,同时受到诸多区位因素的影响.通过与我国沿海其他省份的对比研究,从资源区位、客源区位和交通区位三个视角具体分析了辽宁海洋旅游产业的区位特点.在此基础上,从建立沿海区域产业合作机制、滨海旅游城镇体系建设、海洋旅游文化开发、产品创新和海洋环境保护等方面提出辽宁发展海洋旅游产业的对策建议.     

“创佳”与大连旅游发展战略研究

本文首先介绍了创建全国最佳旅游城市的指标等相关内容.然后,将2006年度三座全国最佳旅游试点城市大连、杭州和成都进行对比.在此基础之上,总结了大连"创佳"和旅游业发展的五方面优势条件和三个主要问题.最后,文章针对大连市旅游发展提出四条建议.     

长山群岛旅游业深度开发研究

作为全国唯一的海岛边境县,长海县(长山群岛)旅游资源条件优越,旅游业发展粗具规模,已被确立为国家级的海岛森林公园和辽宁省省级风景名胜区.不过要在竞争日益激烈的国际、国内旅游市场中永远占有一席之地,必须紧随时代步伐.对旅游业进行深度动态开发.通过对长山群岛旅游业发展现状的调查,探析可以改进和提升的方面,并结合国内外优秀海岛旅游地的先进经验,从开发模式、旅游产品定位、目标消费市场定位三个角度提出深度开发的策略.     

福建滨海国内旅游客流人口学特征及旅游行为分析

文章通过现场问卷及网络问卷调查收集数据资料,首先,对福建滨海旅游游客的客源地、年龄、性别、教育程度、收入结构及职业构成等人口学特征进行分析;其次,分析了福建滨海游客的动机形成、出游方式、消费构成、逗留时间和旅游感知等方面的旅游行为的特征;最后,针对福建滨海旅游个体行为特点及存在的问题,提出了几点对策.     

国外游轮旅游发展研究

游轮旅游出现于19世纪20年代,在第二次世界大战中因为飞行技术的发展而衰落,到了20世纪下半叶,游轮旅游出现了全面的复兴.在经历了起步、成长阶段后,游轮旅游正进入成熟发展阶段.国外游轮旅游研究主要集中在基本概念的探讨、游轮旅游对地区经济的影响、游轮游客行为、游轮旅游目的地及游轮旅游航线等方面.未来一段时间,游轮游客数量将持续上升、游客日趋年轻化、游轮承载能力实现新突破、航行目的地多元化,而游轮旅游安全问题及可持续发展将是研究热点.     

浙江省海洋旅游业转型升级的思考

浙江海洋旅游具有资源、市场、经济、产业等发展优势,也存在着产品主题特色不鲜明,受自然环境因素制约大、海洋旅游活动相配套要素不够健全等因素制约,文章提出了用海洋文化包装旅游产品,提升海洋旅游的品位:改善旅游设施和服务功能,以提供舒适、便捷的旅游经历;以"生态文明"理念发展循环经济.确保海洋旅游健康持续发展;应用现代技术,提高海洋旅游的开发和利用效率:优化区域结构,实现海洋旅游整体发展等转型升级策略.     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.