Potential vorticity diagnosis of tropical cyclone Usagi (2001) genesis induced by a mid-level vortex over the South China Sea

In this study, we first show that tropical cyclone (TC) Usagi evolved from a mid-level vortex over the South China Sea (SCS) in August 2001. The initial disturbance of TC Usagi had a maximum potential vorticity (PV) near 500 hPa, and an anticyclonic circulation with a cold core near the surface. The cyclonic circulation and its warm core of the mid-level vortex developed gradually downward toward the surface when environmental easterly and dry air intruded from the upper troposphere; finally, the mid-level vortex evolved into TC Usagi under favorable environment conditions such as weak vertical wind shear, deep moist layer, etc. To investigate the dynamic and thermodynamic processes during TC Usagi genesis, the technique of piecewise PV inversion is employed. The results show that the actions of upper-layer PV and potential temperature anomalies were not important in TC Usagi genesis. Surface-layer thermal anomalies mainly produced negative disturbances of temperature at the vortex center below 800 hPa, which was unfavorable to the genesis of a cyclonic circulation near the surface. Middle-to-lower-layer latent heat played a key role in TC Usagi genesis and downward development of dynamic and thermodynamic processes. The actions of dry air intrusion from the upper troposphere, environmental westerly changing into easterly in the middle and lower troposphere, and baroclinic structure of the vortex were also important. The cyclonic circulation of the mid-level vortex could develop downward quickly from the middle troposphere toward the surface. However, whether the warm core of the vortex developed near the surface depended on the combined actions of surface-layer thermal anomaly and middle-to-lower-layer latent heat. Finally, we present a conceptual model of TC Usagi genesis induced by a mid-level vortex over the SCS.     

EFFECTS OF VERTICAL WIND SHEAR ON INTENSITY AND STRUCTURE OF TROPICAL CYCLONE

In this study,the effect of vertical wind shear(VWS)on the intensification of tropical cyclone(TC)is investigated via the numerical simulations.Results indicate that weak shear tends to facilitate the development of TC while strong shear appears to inhibit the intensification of TC.As the VWS is imposed on the TC,the vortex of the cyclone tends to tilt vertically and significantly in the upper troposphere.Consequently,the upward motion is considerably enhanced in the downshear side of the storm center and correspondingly,the low-to mid-level potential temperature decreases under the effect of adiabatic cooling,which leads to the increase of the low-to mid-level static instability and relative humidity and then facilitates the burst of convection.In the case of weak shear,the vertical tilting of the vortex is weak and the increase of ascent,static instability and relative humidity occur in the area close to the TC center.Therefore,active convection happens in the TC center region and facilitates the enhancement of vorticity in the inner core region and then the intensification of TC.In contrast,due to strong VWS,the increase of the ascent,static instability and relative humidity induced by the vertical tilting mainly appear in the outer region of TC in the case with stronger shear,and the convection in the inner-core area of TC is rather weak and convective activity mainly happens in the outer-region of the TC.Therefore,the development of a warm core is inhibited and then the intensification of TC is delayed.Different from previous numerical results obtained by imposing VWS suddenly to a strong TC,the simulation performed in this work shows that,even when the VWS is as strong as 12 m s-1,the tropical storm can still experience rapid intensification and finally develop into a strong tropical cyclone after a relatively long period of adjustment.It is found that the convection plays an important role in the adjusting period.On one hand,the convection leads to the horizontal convergence of the low-level vorticity flux and therefore leads to the enhancement of the low-level vorticity in the inner-core area of the cyclone.On the other hand,the active ascent accompanying the convection tends to transport the low-level vorticity to the middle levels.The enhanced vorticity in the lower to middle troposphere strengths the interaction between the low-and mid-level cyclonical circulation and the upper-level circulation deviated from the storm center under the effect of VWS.As a result,the vertical tilting of the vortex is considerably decreased,and then the cyclone starts to develop rapidly.     

How the “best” CMIP5 models project relations of Asian–Pacific Oscillation to circulation backgrounds favorable for tropical cyclone genesis over the western North Pacific

Based on the simulations of 32 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), the present study assesses their capacity to simulate the relationship of the summer Asian–Pacific Oscillation (APO) with the vertical zonal wind shear, low-level atmospheric vorticity, mid-level humidity, atmospheric divergence in the lower and upper troposphere, and western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) that are closely associated with the genesis of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific. The results indicate that five models can simultaneously reproduce the observed pattern with the positive APO phase accompanied by weak vertical zonal wind shear, strengthened vorticity in the lower troposphere, increased mid-level humidity, intensified low-level convergence and high-level divergence, and a northward-located WPSH over the western North Pacific. These five models are further used to project their potential relationship under the RCP8.5 scenario during 2050–2099. Compared to 1950–1999, the relationship between the APO and the vertical zonal wind shear is projected to weaken by both the multi-model ensemble and the individual models. Its linkage to the low-level vorticity, mid-level humidity, atmospheric divergence in the lower and upper troposphere, and the northward–southward movement of the WPSH would also reduce slightly but still be significant. However, the individual models show relatively large differences in projecting the linkage between the APO and the mid-level humidity and low-level divergence.     

IMPACT OF AIR-SEA INTERACTION ON THE GENESIS OF TROPICAL INCIPIENT VORTEX OVER SOUTH CHINA SEA: A CASE STUDY

Based on 6-hourly sensible heat flux and latent heat flux from the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and circulation data from the Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25), the initial developing process of tropical cyclone Mindulle (1005) in 2010 has been diagnosed to reveal the impact of air-sea interaction over the South China Sea (SCS) on the genesis of its incipient vortex. The results show that the incipient vortex first occurred east of the Luzon Island on 0000 UTC 20 August, suggesting that the topographic forcing of the Luzon Island for easterly winds over the western Pacific might be one of the factors responsible for the formation of the incipient vortex. During the formation stage of the incipient vortex, strong southeasterlies over the SCS caused warm water of the middle and eastern SCS to flow toward the Luzon Island due to Ekman transport resulting from wind stress, leading to an increase of the sea surface temperature and sensible heat flux into the atmosphere. Although the anomalous sensible heating favored surface pressure to reduce, it was not conducive to the increase of local vorticity associated with the vortex above the heating area because, according to the atmospheric thermal adaptation theory, the anticyclonic vorticity would be created in the lower troposphere due to the decreased vertical gradient of the sensible heating. However, the ascending motions occurred over the eastern area of the anomalous sensible heating due to the augmentation of the vorticity advection with increasing height, causing water vapor to condense in the middle and upper troposphere. In turn, cyclonic vorticity was generated in the lower troposphere due to the increased vertical gradient of the condensation latent heating, resulting in the formation and further growth of the incipient vortex. Therefore, the vorticity creation due to the condensation heating played a dominant role during the subsequent enhancing stage of the incipient vortex.     

IMPACTS OF UPPER-LEVEL COLD VORTEX ON THE RAPID CHANGE OF INTENSITY AND MOTION OF TYPHOON MERANTI (2010)

Typhoon Meranti originated over the western North Pacific off the south tip of the Taiwan Island in 2010.It moved westward entering the South China Sea,then abruptly turned north into the Taiwan Strait,got intensified on its way northward,and eventually made landfall on Fujian province.In its evolution,there was a northwest-moving cold vortex in upper troposphere to the south of the Subtropical High over the western North Pacific(hereafter referred to as the Subtropical High).In this paper,the possible impacts of this cold vortex on Meranti in terms of its track and intensity variation is investigated using typhoon best track data from China Meteorological Administration,analyses data of 0.5×0.5 degree provided by the global forecasting system of National Centers for Environmental Prediction,GMS satellite imagery and Taiwan radar data.Results show as follows:(1)The upper-level cold vortex was revolving around the typhoon anticlockwise from its east to its north.In the early stage,due to the blocking of the cold vortex,the role of the Subtropical High to steer Meranti was weakened,which results in the looping of the west-moving typhoon.However,when Meranti was coupled with the cold vortex in meridional direction,the northerly wind changed to the southerly at the upper level of the typhoon;at the same time the Subtropical High protruded westward and its southbound steering flow gained strength,and eventually created an environment in which the southerly winds in both upper and lower troposphere suddenly steered Meranti to the north;(2)The change of airflow direction above the typhoon led to a weak vertical wind shear,which in return facilitated the development of Meranti.Meanwhile,to the east of typhoon Meranti,the overlapped southwesterly jets in upper and lower atmosphere accelerated its tangential wind and contributed to its cyclonic development;(3)The cold vortex not only supplied positive vorticity to the typhoon,but also transported cold advection to its outer bands.In conjunction with the warm and moist air masses at the lower levels,the cold vortex increased the vertical instability in the atmosphere,which was favorable for convection development within the typhoon circulation,and its warmer center was enhanced through latent heat release;(4)Vertical vorticity budget averaged over the typhoon area further shows that the intensification of a typhoon vorticity column mainly depends on horizontal advection of its high-level vorticity,low-level convergence,uneven wind field distribution and its convective activities.     

中尺度对流系统的动热力特征及其演变对风垂直切变的响应

为探究环境风切变在对流系统发生发展与维持过程中的重要性,利用2009年6月5日20时（北京时）上海宝山站的探空资料生成理想试验初始场,设计了包含改变整层、中层和低层风切变在内的多组试验,对比分析各试验系统的动热力结构特征及其演变发现:(1)整层环境风切变的改变对中尺度对流系统的影响最显著,其次是中层风切变。增大整层风切变时,对流系统强度及组织性最强,生命史增长。减小整层风切变时,系统强度最弱且组织结构易发散。(2)风切变增加,水平涡度增大,其受垂直运动影响转化为垂直涡度,涡旋对与垂直运动间相互作用形成的正反馈过程是系统强度增强并可以长时间维持线状结构的重要原因。(3)风切变减小,对流系统移动速度远小于阵风锋,阵风锋移至系统前方,阻断系统前沿上升气流必需的暖输送。阵风锋后冷而稳定的环境令系统逐渐消散。      

A Study on a Heavy Rainfall Event Triggered by an Inverted Typhoon Trough in Shandong Province

A heavy rainfall event that occurred in Shandong Province in 26 28 August 2004 was caused mainly by Typhoon Acre and cold air activities related to a westerly trough. The event was triggered by an inverted typhoon trough, which was closely associated with the intensification of the low-level southeasterly flow and the northward transport of heat and momentum in the periphery of the typhoon low. A numerical simulation of this event is performed using the nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MM5 with two-way interactive and triply-nested grids, and the structure of the inverted typhoon trough is studied. Furthermore, the formation and development mechanism of the inverted typhoon trough and a mesoscale vortex are discussed through a vorticity budget analysis. The results show that the heavy rainfall was induced by the strong convergence between the strong and weak winds within the inverted typhoon trough. Dynamic effects of the low-level jet and the diabatic heating of precipitation played an important role in the development of the inverted typhoon trough and the formation of the mesoscale vortex. The vorticity budget analysis suggests that the divergence term in the low troposphere, the horizontal advection term, and the convection term in the middle troposphere were main contributors to positive vorticity. Nonetheless, at the same pressure level, the effect of the divergence term and that of the adveetion term were opposite to each other. In the middle troposphere, the vertical transport term made a positive contribution while the tilting term made a negative contribution, and the total vorticity tendency was the net result of their counteractions. It is found that the change tendency of the relative vorticity was not uniform horizontally. A strong positive vorticity tendency occurred in the southeast of the mesoscale vortex, which is why the heavy rainfall was concentrated there. The increase of positive vorticity in the low （upper） troposphere was caused by horizontal convergence （upward transport of vorticity from the lower troposphere）. Therefore, the development of the inverted typhoon trough and the formation of the mesoscale vortex were mainly attributed to the vorticity generated in the low troposphere, and also the vertical transport of vorticity from the low and middle troposphere.     

一次强降水超级单体风暴的动力特征分析

利用NCEP/NCAR(0.25°×0.25°)逐6 h再分析资料、常规观测资料、多普勒雷达资料对2018年9月19日晚发生在四川盆地东北部的强降水超级单体风暴进行诊断分析。研究表明：此次强降水超级单体风暴发生在较强的不稳定能量、很低的抬升凝结高度、低层深厚湿层、较弱的对流抑制能量及中等到强的垂直风切变的背景条件下,低层冷空气的侵入最终触发了本次过程。在强降水超级单体风暴发展演变过程中,中低层较强垂直风切变的重要作用是产生水平涡管。水平涡管又在上升气流的作用下抬升为垂直涡管,最后产生垂直涡度。而通过对大气垂直涡度方程的分析发现：垂直涡管在随高度增加的上升气流的拉伸作用下,不断加强,致使上升气流更强烈旋转,水平旋转又反过来加强了上升气流。上升气流与水平涡旋持续不断的正反馈机制是形成中气旋的重要原因。     

Analysis of Deep Convective Towers in a Southwest-Vortex Rainstorm Event

The structure and organization of the extreme-rain-producing deep convection towers and their roles in the formation of a southwest vortex(SWV) event are studied using the intensified surface rainfall observations, weather radar data and numerical simulations from a high-resolution convection-allowing model. The deep convection towers occurred prior to the emergence of SWV and throughout its onset and development stages. They largely resemble the vortical hot tower(VHT) commonly seen in typhoons or hurricanes and are thus considered as a special type of VHT(sVHT). Each sVHT presented a vorticity dipole structure, with the upward motion not superpose the positive vorticity.A positive feedback process in the SWV helped the organization of sVHTs, which in turn strengthened the initial disturbance and development of SWV. The meso-γ-scale large-value areas of positive relative vorticity in the mid-toupper troposphere were largely induced by the diabatic heating and tilting. The strong mid-level convergence was attributed to the mid-level vortex enhancement. The low-level vortex intensification was mainly due to low-level convergence and the stretching of upward flow. The meso-α-scale large-value areas of positive relative vorticity in the low-level could expand up to about 400 hPa, and gradually weakened with time and height due to the decaying low-level convergence and vertical stretching in the matured SWV. As the SWV matured, two secondary circulations were formed,with a weaker mean radial inflow than the outflow and elevated to 300-400 hPa.     

Vorticity budget investigation of a simulated long-lived mesoscale vortex in South China

A vorticity budget investigation is performed using the output data from a numerical simulation of a typical MCV (mesoscale convectively generated votex) case in South China. Results suggest that the divergence caused by convection in the low troposphere is the main producer of positive vorticity, while vertical vorticity transferred by the tilting term from the horizontal vorticity compensates the upward output of cyclonic vorticity. Scale analyses of the vorticity equation suggest that the advection of planetary vorticity can be neglected owing to the low latitude, which is different from the larger scale systems in high latitude areas. In addition, the distribution of relative vorticity tendency on pressure level is not uniform. A vortex will move along the vector from the negative to the positive vorticity tendency region. The mechanism of the phenomenon-that nearly all of the convectively ascending region is located southward/southeastward of the vortex center-is also discussed. Convergence with regard to latent heat release would be in favor of the spin-up of meso-vortex, however, the horizontal vorticity caused by windshear is tilted by vertical motion due to convection. Consequently, the negative and positive vorticity tendencies are located symmetrically about the convective center, which suggests that the vortex southward movement is dynamically driven by convection.     

西北太平洋热带气旋频数的气候变化及其与环境要素间的联系

使用Emanuel和Nolan完善的潜在生成指数(GPI)的计算方法,利用美国联合台风警报中心提供的热带气旋(TC)资料和欧洲中期数值天气预报中心提供的全球ERA-40再分析资料,比较了1970-2001年西北太平洋海域的TC生成频数和GPI的气候特征,分析了包含于GPI中的环境要素对西北太平洋TC频数年代际变化空间分布的影响.结果表明:GPI能近似地表述西北太平洋TC频数的季节变化和空间分布.各环境要素对TC、较弱类TC和较强类TC生成频数的影响有显著差异,相对湿度随着TC强度的增强而减弱,风速垂直切变则相反.西北太平洋TC频数年代际变化空间分布的正异常主要分布于130°E以东,(15°N,140°E)附近最大的正异常频数中心主要受绝对涡度和相对湿度正异常变化的影响;负的风速垂直切变和正的相对湿度异常变化引起了(10～15°N,160°E)附近的TC频数正异常.     

超强台风“桑美”(2006)能量发展的物理因子

应用非线性动力系统的研究方法, 基于NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 以超强台风 “桑美” (2006) 在我国近海的突然增强和突然减弱过程为例, 从动能角度分析热带气旋能量发展的条件, 将分析结果转化为可用于分析预测热带气旋强度变化的实用指标, 如非热成风涡度、 热成风偏差及其垂直变化。结果表明: 热带气旋中心附近存在非热成风涡度负值中心, 有利于近海热带气旋突然增强; 非热成风涡度的变化与热带气旋中心气压变化有较好的一致性。当扰动自下向上传播时, 在热带气旋增强阶段热成风偏差为正值, 而在减弱阶段为负值; 当外围波扰向内核传播时, 在热带气旋增强阶段热成风偏差垂直变化为负值, 而在减弱阶段为正值, 热成风偏差及其垂直变化的这种变化在对流层中低层更明显。当扰动自下向上、 自外围向内核传播时, 在热带气旋增强阶段非热成风涡度为负值、 热成风偏差为正值、 热成风偏差垂直变化为负值; 减弱阶段则相反。     

江苏三次不同量级降雪过程的对比分析

利用常规观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,通过对发生在江苏的三次不同量级的区域性暴雪、大雪和中雪过程典型个例进行对比分析,发现降雪时,700hPa低空急流的位置和强度是影响降雪量级的主要因素之一;降雪区上空涡度的垂直分布遵循低层负涡度、中层正涡度和高层负涡度的配置,暴雪时正涡度强且正涡度区最为深厚,动力抬升作用强,中雪发生时正涡度区相对最为浅薄,不利于形成强辐合抬升,动力抬升作用弱。且暴雪和大雪发生时基本上整层都为垂直螺旋度正值区,中雪时没有出现明显的正值区;暴雪和大雪过程时中低层都具有明显的逆温层,中高层西南急流造成的对流层中层的爆发性增温是逆温层形成的关键,中雪发生时不一定有逆温层结;降雪强度与湿位涡分量绝对值存在一定的正相关关系。     

一次西南涡暴雨的湿位涡诊断分析

利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料对2013年5月25~26日发生在我国中东部大范围的暴雨过程进行了湿位涡诊断分析,结果表明:(1)暴雨发生时低层湿位涡明显增加,湿位涡正压项自底层至高层呈现出“负-正”的分布特征,湿斜压项负值中心的演变反应出斜压性在强降水发生时所起的重要作用;(2)本次暴雨过程分两个阶段,第一阶段主要是因为强垂直风切变作用,使得降水具有强对流特征;第二阶段则是由于斜压性作用,降水分布广、持续时间长;(3)干冷空气沿着等熵面向下入侵到低层负位涡之上会导致对流不稳定度进一步加大,垂直运动发展使得低层水汽抬升,凝结潜热释放有利于中低层低涡的维持和发展。      

江淮流域两次中尺度对流涡旋的结构特征研究

对2003、2007年江淮梅雨期的中尺度对流涡旋（MCV）进行了统计分析,结果表明我国梅雨锋上MCV活跃,这些MCV与强降水有关。2003、2007年江淮梅雨期有9个MCV发生,大多数的MCV发生在32°N～35°N之间的江苏境内。采用ARPS（Advanced Regional Prediction System）的资料分析系统（ADAS）和WRF模式模拟了2个MCV的发展过程,并使用数值模拟结果分析了它们的结构特征。MCV一般发生在强对流系统的北侧,其涡旋环流一般在600 hPa以下,对应涡旋区域对流层高层为强辐散,涡度最强的中心在对流层中层,但正涡度区可伸展到300 hPa。初始阶段MCV的中心为上升运动和中性层结,成熟阶段MCV的中心转为下沉运动,同时其南侧有新的对流发生。发展型和不发展型的MCV对比发现,涡旋对流层高层有涡度增加以及二次对流的潜热释放多,可能是发展型MCV维持时间较长的原因。此外,MCV发展过程中南侧急流的增强对MCV中对流的触发和维持有一定作用。     

STUDY ON SENSITIVITY OF WIND FIELD VARIATION TO STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF CONVECTIVE STORMS

A numerical experiment was carried out on individual cases of severe convections in the Jianghuai area under cold vortex on April 28, 2015 in order to study the impact of wind field variations at the middle and low troposphere on the development and structure of storms. The results show that the structure and development of convective storm is highly sensitive to the changes of wind fields, and the adjustment of wind field at the middle or low troposphere will lead to significant changes in the development and intensity of storms. When the wind field at the middle or low troposphere is weakened, the convective development suffers different degrees of attenuation compared with the control experiment, and the ways of attenuation of the two levels are different. In the attenuation test of wind field at the middle level, convection is obviously weak at all stages of its development, while for the wind field at the low level, the convective development is weak only in the initial development stage of storm. On the contrary, the enhancement of the wind field at the middle or low troposphere is conducive to the development of convection, especially the enhancement of the wind field at the middle troposphere. In comparison, the convection develops rapidly in this test, as the most intensive one. The wind field variations have a significant impact on the structure and organization of the storm. The enhancement of the wind field at the middle troposphere makes for the intension of the middle-level swirl of convective storm, the reduction of the storm scale, and the organized evolution of convection. The development of the wind field at the low level troposphere is conducive to the development of the low-level secondary circulation of the storm and the cyclonic vorticity at the middle and low levels at the inflowing side.     

一次台风变性并入东北冷涡过程的动力诊断分析

台风北移变性并入东北冷涡是造成东北地区夏季大范围暴雨的主要形式之一, 但其中的热动力结构变化特征及其物理机制尚不清晰。本文利用美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)的再分析资料对一次台风变性并入东北冷涡过程进行动力诊断分析, 分析结果显示:冷涡冷空气的不断侵入以及台风移动形成的相对冷平流使得台风暖心结构消亡, 其低层低压辐合和高层高压辐散结构消失, 变性并入东北冷涡后气旋整层偏冷, 低层出现冷中心。台风变性并入东北冷涡过程中, 冷涡中心附近高空急流南侧的反气旋切变抑制气旋直接往高空发展, 而急流轴左侧的热动力分布特征有利于垂直涡度的发展, 变性后的气旋环流向冷涡的移近有利于急流轴维持倾斜, 从而促进气旋向高空冷涡倾斜发展。同时, 冷空气在气旋低层附近堆积导致等假相当位温线发生倾斜, 造成垂直涡度在气旋中层倾斜发展。台风变性并入东北冷涡后, 高空冷涡槽底的正垂直涡度平流促进气旋由中层直接向高层发展, 而高空冷涡槽底急流促进正垂直涡度平流的维持。气旋高空环流的发展反过来削弱了东北冷涡的高层环流, 导致高空冷涡中心出现北撤。     

一次桂北暴雨过程中低涡的发展维持机制

利用常规观测、卫星数据及ERA5再分析数据,从动力和热力角度对引发2020年5月24-25日广西北部暴雨过程的低涡发展维持机制进行了诊断分析。结果表明：低涡在滇黔桂交界一带生成,随后逐渐发展东移,对流云团及降水落区主要分布在低涡东侧及南侧。涡度方程诊断表明,低涡的发展维持主要受涡度平流项和水平散度项影响。水平风场对涡度的输送使得局地涡度减小,而水平风场的辐合效应使得局地涡度增大。将原始风场分解为地转风和非地转风分量后发现,非地转风分量主导了局地涡度的变化,非地转风水平散度项正贡献最大,扭转项次之,两者是造成低涡发展维持的主要原因。在热力作用方面,低涡发展移动过程中对流层中层附近的潜热加热正反馈也有利于低层低涡的发展维持。     

2018年一次非典型梅雨锋暴雨过程诊断分析

利用常规地面气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR FNL 1°×1°网格点逐6 h再分析资料,对2018年6月20日浙江省一次暴雨过程的主要环流系统、等熵位涡、垂直螺旋度等进行了天气动力学诊断分析。结果表明：850 hPa低涡切变、对流层中层冷空气、200 hPa南亚高压、副热带高压是此次暴雨过程发生的主要影响系统;700 hPa上的正垂直螺旋度中心对暴雨的发生有良好的指示意义;等熵位涡的演变和形态对冷空气活动有较好的视踪作用,等熵位涡中心两侧气流辐合,有利于低压系统发展,高层等熵位涡与冷空气活动有较好的对应关系,等熵位涡大值区偏南侧的移动与强降水落区有较好的对应关系。     

亚洲东部冬季地面温度变化与平流层弱极涡的关系

利用NCEP资料计算NAM指数和标准化温度距平,对17次平流层弱极涡事件时亚洲东部温度变化进行了研究。结果表明:平流层环流异常比对流层温度变化超前约15天,地面温度变化的最大距平出现在平流层弱极涡后期,大约以40°N为界,北部比正常年份偏冷而南部偏暖。文中通过位势涡度的分布和变化以及500 hPa东亚大槽的变化讨论了其影响过程和机理,在弱极涡初期和中期,自平流层向下,高位涡冷空气主要局限于60°N以北。从弱极涡的后期开始,在45°N以北地区,高位涡冷空气向南扩张,在对流层中上层,极地附近的高位涡冷空气扩张到45°N附近。同时,500 hPa东亚大槽虽有加强,但低压区向东延伸,而贝加尔湖附近的高压脊显著减弱,致使槽后的偏北气流减弱,槽后冷空气主要影响中国华北、东北及其以北地区,造成这些地区偏冷。而40°N以南地区,从弱极涡的后期开始有南方低位涡偏暖空气向北运动,同时冷空气活动减少,地面显著偏暖。