水层生态系统动力学模式参数的敏感性分析

通过生态动力学模式参数的敏感性试验,比较详细地讨论了模拟结果对影响因子的敏感性。模式在温度、辐射和透明度等实际观测资料的强迫下,模拟了１９８２年５月至１９８３年５月渤海水层生态系统的年变化。分析表明,浮游植物的最大生长率、海水的消光系数、浮游动物对浮游植物的最大捕食率、捕食效率和碎屑的再矿化率是影响渤海水层生态系统年循环的主要因子。     

草酰胺合铜(Ⅱ)单核配合物的热分解动力学研究

应用TG-DTG-DTA热分析技术研究了N，N’-双(2-氨丙基)草酰胺合铜(Ⅱ)单核配合物在空气气氛中的热行为；分别用微分法(Achar法)和积分法(Coats-Redfen法)对其非等温TG数据进行了解析。通过对热分解动力学参数的对比分析，提出了该配合物热分解反应机理；根据TG曲线计算出了E，lnA和S^*，并由动力学补偿效应获得了E与lnA的数学表达式。     

长江口沉积物-铅的吸附动力学及环境影响

模拟研究不同水环境条件下长江口悬浮沉积时对Ｐｂ的吸附动力学,提供动力不模式,测定速率常数和分配系数。研究表明盐度和ＰＨ对吸附产生明显影响、ｋ１和ｋｄ分别与盐度存在着负指数关系;与ｐＨ存在线性关系。沉积物－Ｐｂ的吸附以化学作用为主。     

ENSO动力学及数值模拟的进展

最早由Bjerknes(1966,1969)提出和以后的许多研究观测都表明全球大气的年际变化(南方涛动)与热带海洋上层的文化(埃尔尼诺)有密切的耦会关系,简称为ENSO(EI Nino/Southern Oscillation).     

氧化亚铜的氧化动力学

本文以亚硫酸盐和硫酸铜制备的氧化亚铜为样品,用Kissinger法和FWO法研究了氧化亚铜的氧化动力学行为,结果表明:氧化亚铜氧化反应生成氧化铜的表观活化能E=174.52 kJ.mol-1,指前因子lnA=195.526 8,相对应的反应级数n=0.99。     

氧化亚铜的氧化动力学

本文以亚硫酸盐和硫酸铜制备的氧化亚铜为样品,用Kissinger法和FWO法研究了氧化亚铜的氧化动力学行为,结果表明:氧化亚铜氧化反应生成氧化铜的表观活化能E=174.52 kJ·mol-1,指前因子lnA=195.526 8,相对应的反应级数n=0.99.     

异双希夫碱与La(Ⅲ)配合物的合成、热分解反应动力学和抑菌活性

研究稀土配合物在催化及生命科学领域的应用,以L 赖氨酸与水杨醛、糠醛作用合成了1种异双希夫碱配体C18H19O4N2 Li(HLLi)。在异丙醇和甲醇体系中硝酸镧与该配体反应合成了1种稀土希夫碱配合物[La(HL) (NO3 ) ]NO3 ·2H2 O。通过元素分析、IR ,UV ,TG DTG及摩尔电导分析等手段对合成的配合物进行了表征,用非等温热重法研究了镧配合物的热分解动力学,推断出第二步热分解的动力学方程,并计算出了活化熵ΔS≠和活化吉布斯自由能ΔG≠。对配合物的抑菌活性进行了初步研究,结果表明配合物比配体具有更高的抑菌活性。     

三种海藻的热解特性及动力学分析

采用动力学分析方法对三种海藻(龙须菜、角叉菜和马尾藻)进行了热解和动力学分析。结果表明,角叉菜热稳定性最低,龙须菜和马尾藻的热稳定性相近;与马尾松等典型陆地高等植物相比,海藻的热稳定性都较低。采用Popescu法计算表明,AvramiErofeev方程可以用来描述三种海藻的主要挥发分脱除过程。在三种海藻中,角叉菜的平均活化能最低,这也表明其热稳定性最低。与马尾松等陆高等植物相比,海藻热解发生在较低的温区,且主要表现为放热效应,而马尾松等陆地高等植物热解发生在较高的温区,存在明显的吸热效应。     

臭氧氧化分解污泥的试验研究

臭氧氧化能有效地分解污泥,为对臭氧氧化后污泥性质的变化进行系统的研究,本文采用接触反应柱对污泥在臭氧氧化过程中性质的变化进行了研究。结果表明,在臭氧投量为0．1gO3／gSS时,污泥中的溶解性COD浓度从256mg／L增加到2126mg／L,污泥沉降速度由初始的0．19cm／min增至1．43cm／min,滤饼的含水率由初始的76．6％降至70．6％。臭氧氧化后污泥絮体被分解,产生大量悬浮粒子,使污泥上清液的浊度和悬浮物浓度增加。臭氧氧化处理后污泥的过滤性能恶化。污泥比阻增大。     

用硫酸镁和造纸草浆黑液制备吸附剂及其对活性黄ST-4RFN吸附研究

利用硫酸镁和造纸草浆黑液制备含镁氧化合物的吸附剂,通过化学分析、表面性质分析、X射线衍射和红外光谱等对吸附剂进行了表征.考察了吸附剂焙烧温度、投加量、吸附时间以及pH值等因素对活性黄ST-4RFN吸附性能的影响,吸附过程可用Freundlich模型来描述.     

甘氨酸镁对南极冰藻促生长作用研究

研究了甘氨酸镁对南极冰藻的促生长作用。甘氨酸镁已被美国和欧盟等发达国家大量用作新型无公害植物促生长剂和丰产剂。用不同浓度的甘氨酸镁 (0 ,2 5× 1 0 - 6,5 0× 1 0 - 6,1 0 0× 1 0 - 6,2 0 0× 1 0 - 6,40 0× 1 0 - 6)对国家海洋局海洋生物活性物质重点实验室保存的南极冰藻L 1绿藻 (Pyramimonassp.)和 H1硅藻 (Bacillariophyceae )进行培养。实验结果表明 ,甘氨酸镁对南极冰藻 L1绿藻和 H1硅藻有显著促生长作用 ,而且从 L1绿藻和 H1硅藻的生长曲线可以看出 ,甘氨酸镁浓度越高促生长作用越强 ,这将为海洋微藻的培养提供一种新型的生长促进剂     

厦门港表层沉积物对海水中铅的吸附动力学

模拟研究厦门港表层沉积物对海水中Ｐｂ的吸附动力学及水环境条件的影响,当海水温度由２０－３０℃、ＰＨ５－８和盐度３０－４变化时,吸附速率分别提高约５０％、、个数量和５倍。吸附速率与盐度之间呈负指数相关关系。吸附过程可用交换吸附动力学模式描述。测定吸附速率常数、表观活化能和平衡吸附量等参数研究表明,沉积物对Ｐｂ的吸附性质以华东作用为主。     

L-抗坏血酸-2-磷酸酯镁的合成

以Ｌ抗坏血酸为基本原料合成Ｌ抗坏血酸２磷酸酯镁。对两种合成方法直接酰化法和基团保护法作实验比较和改进。直接酰化法中,采用混合碱（ 包括氧化镁） 可使磷酰化与成盐反应合并为一步进行,并能提高产率,而采用基团保护法能取得最佳的合成效果。     

Phase stability and kinetics of methane hydrate formation in presence of calcium and magnesium carbonate

The huge amount of methane hydrate deposits identified in deep marine sediments is considered as the new resource for future energy. Since carbonates are one of the major components of marine sediments, in the present study, an investigation has been made to study methane hydrate stability and kinetics in the presence of CaCO₃ and MgCO₃. Effect of the presence of carbonates on the solubility of methane in the system has also been examined as it directly affects the hydrate formation process. It has been observed that in presence of CaCO₃ and MgCO₃, the hydrate formation is inhibited. Comparative studies have also been done in the presence of artificial seawater to consider the effect of presence of different salts. Mole consumption of methane gas during hydrate formation in different carbonate samples was measured using real gas equation and found to be minimum in CaCO₃ in seawater sample due to the combined effect of the presence of CaCO₃ and different salts of seawater. An increase in nucleation and induction time was also observed demonstrating the inhibition of hydrate formation in the presence of these components. Further, the decrease in hydrate formation rate also confirmed the inhibition effect of CaCO₃ and MgCO₃ on hydrate formation.     

Growth Aspects and Magnesium Carbonate Concentrations of the Reef Building Octocoral Heliopora coerulea (Pallas) after Transplantation

Abstract. An experiment to test C have's hypothesis on temperature dependent MgCO₃ concentrations in marine calcareous skeletons was undertaken by transplanting colonies of Heliopora coerulea. The corals were transferred from a shallow lagoon with high average temperatures to the outer bottom of a fringing reef, 16 m depth, with low average temperatures. Against expectation, a statistically significant increase of average mol % concentrations from 0.48 to 0.54 % for upper growth regions and from 0.49 to 0.62% for lower growth regions was obtained. Temperature records during the experimentation period and the above data indicate that the mol% MgCO₃ concentration in the skeleton of living Heliopora colonies increases when transplanted to an environment with a lower temperature average than that of their original growth site, and with seasonal temperature fluctuations which are smaller in the experimental site than in the control site. Temperature fluctuations at the control site were up to 2.5 times greater than at the experimental site for most of the observation months. This supports the conclusion that the parameters a) minimum temperature and b) temperature stability of the environment are essential for the incorporation of Mg into the carbonate skeleton matrix of marine organisms. Within this study the results of a quantitative chemical analysis of the carbonate skeleton of H. coerulea are presented and growth data of transplanted colonies compared with those from the control site.     

Kinetics of phosphate adsorption by iron oxyhydroxides in aqueous systems

The rate of uptake of phosphate onto synthetic Fe(III)- and Fe(II)-derived oxyhydroxides has been studied using reaction conditions similar to those encountered in natural waters. Kinetic analyses were carried out on the adsorption profiles and both first-order and second-order conditional rate constants were obtained. The temperature dependence of some of the rate constants was investigated and corresponding apparent activation energies calculated. Similar experiments and analyses were undertaken using Fe from natural sources and in general the conditional rate constants obtained in seawater were in agreement with the synthetic ones. The results of this study are of value when comparing the time scales of adsorption processes in natural waters with the time scales of mixing and advection.     

光助Fenton氧化法去除水中两种氯乙酸及其动力学研究

以二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸为目标污染物,研究了光助Fenton氧化去除水中卤乙酸的可行性及影响因素,并对其动力学进行了初步研究.结果表明,影响光助Fenton氧化的因素很多,氙灯功率500 W、H2O2和Fe2+投加量分别为5.0和1.0 mmol·L-1、pH=4.0反应60 min是所考察范围内的最佳降解条件,浓度为100 μg·L-1的二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸的降解率分别为90.32％、87.77％;在实际水质pH=7.0时,相同浓度的二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸的降解率分别为75.34％、68.80％.紫外辐射与Fenton氧化对二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸的降解具有协同效应.光助Fenton氧化对二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸的降解符合一级反应动力学,表观活化能分别为30.11、31.09 kJ·mo1-1,受温度影响不大.