西藏罗布莎Ir—Fe—Ni合金的X射线晶体学研究

在西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩的铬铁矿矿床中,存在一种Ir-Fe-Ni合金,电子探针分析确定其化学式为Ir0.69Fe0.28Ni0.03.用CCD技术测得X射线衍射数据(括号内为I/Io)为2.188(100)、1.896(90)、1.347(50)、1.149(80)、1.096(15)、0.949(5)、0.874(15)、0.852(15)、0.773(10),晶体结构应属金属元素面心立方结构类型.按其结构确定了原子坐标并计算出理论粉末衍射图,结果表明理论粉末衍射图谱与实测粉末衍射数据基本一致.该Ir-Fe-Ni合金晶体学参数可归纳为a=3.802(4)?,空间群Fm3m,单位晶胞中的分子数Z=4,Dc=13.84 g/cm3.     

亚铁还原-钒酸铵滴定法测定矿石中铀的改进(铁粉还原-钒酸铵滴定法)

在磷酸介质中对铀的还原反应,铁粉比亚铁离子具有更高的还原能力。 Fe~2+2e=Fe,E~0=-0.409伏。当H_3PO_4浓度达7.090M时, Fe~3+e=Fe~(2+),E~0=0.448伏, 此时的 UO~(2+)_2+4H~++2e=U~(4+)+2H_2O,E~0=0.595伏。根据氧化-还原电位次序,在磷酸介质中铁粉和亚铁都能还原铀(Ⅵ),但铁粉还原能力强,且生成的亚铁又可以还原铀(Ⅵ),一个F~o_c相当于3个Fe~(2+)的电子失掉的还原剂作用。经研究实验铁粉用量为0.02—0.03克,比用亚铁还原法的莫尔盐中亚铁量0.048—     

磁性硫酸烧渣结构和物性特征及应用潜力

通过X射线荧光光谱、X射线粉末衍射分别对某公司磁性硫酸烧渣的化学和物相组成进行了鉴别,采用场发射扫描电镜观察微形貌和微结构特征,测定了烧渣的磁化率和磁滞回线。结果表明,硫精矿粉沸腾炉焙烧所得磁性硫酸烧渣,铁品位达到64.78%,杂质组分主要是硅、铝和硫;主要物相为磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿,含少量石英;比表面积为2.83 m2/g,磁化率为18 000×10-8 m3/kg;原始微米粒径的黄铁矿粉体在脱硫、氧化相变为磁赤铁矿、磁铁矿和赤铁矿的过程中多晶化、纳米化,转变为纳米亚微米晶体,颗粒表现为多孔特征。这种较高比表面积、强磁性的磁性烧渣有望在吸附和磁分离领域作为功能材料发挥作用。研究结果也为利用铁硫化物热分解相变进行矿物纳米材料加工提供了新的思路。     

大别山区石英质玉宝石矿物学特征研究

大别山区石英质玉属新近发现的一种石英质玉（简称＂大别山玉＂）,具色彩绚丽、质地细腻温润等特点。利用偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、化学分析、红外光谱分析等方法,重点对＂大别山玉＂的矿物组成、化学成分、物理光学性质、微结构、红外吸收光谱等特征进行研究。结果表明,＂大别山玉＂具较典型的微粒-细粒结构,主要矿物为石英,含少量的绢云母、绿泥石、萤石、黄铁矿及其它粘土矿物等次要矿物,实属石英质玉;其化学成分相对较纯,主成分为SiO2,含少量的Al2O3,CaO,MgO,Fe2O3,FeO,K2O等;其红外反射光谱以Si—O非对称伸缩振动致特征的1177,1104 cm-1谱带、Si—O—Si对称伸缩振动致800,781cm-1分裂谱带以及由Si—O弯曲振动致492 cm-1较强谱带和542 cm-1弱谱带为特征。同时,还对＂大别山玉＂的结晶度及水的赋存状态一并给予了探讨。     

深层龙马溪组页岩气藏黏土矿物水岩作用微观机制

水岩作用对页岩气藏的地球化学特性和高效开采研究具有重要的意义。为研究我国西南龙马溪组深层页岩气藏水岩作用的微观机制,针对龙马溪组深层页岩组构特征,建立了深层页岩典型黏土矿物(镁蒙脱石、铁蒙脱石和伊利石)水岩作用的分子动力学模型,分析含水量、温度和矿物特征变化对晶胞层间距和水分子扩散系数的影响,通过实验验证水岩作用对典型矿物微观结构的影响程度。研究表明,随着层间水分子数量增加,蒙脱石和伊利石晶胞层间距增大;随着温度增加,蒙脱石和伊利石晶胞层间距变化不明显,层间水分子扩散系数增加;含水量和温度一定,蒙脱石晶胞层间距远大于伊利石,而伊利石的晶胞层间水分子扩散系数远大于蒙脱石,且镁蒙脱石大于铁蒙脱石晶胞层间距,而铁蒙脱石的水分子扩散系数大于镁蒙脱石。上述研究表明,水含量增加会加剧典型黏土矿物晶层破坏的程度,而温度升高会引起典型矿物晶层破坏速度的增快。与浅层页岩相比,温度升高可能导致深部页岩水岩作用更加剧烈。     

使用Q函数求解低对称晶系矿物晶胞参数的叠代修正法

大多数造岩矿物属低对称晶系。低对称晶系(三斜、单斜、正交)的X射线粉末衍射数据在求解精密晶胞参数时,偶而遇到许多困难。含零的衍射指数(h,k,l)虽可单独地确定某一个晶胞参数,但太少,经常在低角区出现,无法用以外推。因此,必须解包含低对称晶系晶胞参数a,b,c,α,β,γ与衍射指标h,k,l相互关联的联立方程。本文提出利用粗略的晶胞初始值,对衍射数据精测低对称晶系晶胞参数与指标的方法。     

土壤铁锰结核中锰矿物类型鉴定的探讨

用化学选择溶提、X射线衍射 (XRD)等技术 ,对土壤铁锰结核中锰矿物类型的鉴定进行了探讨。结果表明 :根据 0 .1mol·L-1盐酸羟胺 (HAHC)处理前后土壤铁锰结核的XRD峰的变化 ,可鉴定出其所含的锂硬锰矿和钙锰矿 ;分析HAHC处理前后同一XRD谱线上不受锰矿物干扰的相邻层状硅酸盐矿物衍射峰与所含锰矿物衍射峰强度的比值变化 ,确定了水钠锰矿的存在 ;结合铁锰结核中与锰矿物类型相关的元素含量 ,可鉴定出其所含的钡硬锰矿和铅锰矿。     

热硫化条件下铁硫比值对黄铁矿形成的影响

模拟火山喷气成矿作用,在热硫化条件下,系统考察反应物中铁硫比值从Fe∶S=1∶1至1∶8变化对黄铁矿形成的影响。运用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉晶衍射分析(XRD)等测试手段,观测和分析实验产物的形貌、成分和结构特征,发现随着Fe∶S比值的减小,实验产物中黄铁矿逐渐增多,磁黄铁矿逐渐减少,同时Fe∶S比值对实验产物的形貌也有一定的控制作用。计算结果显示实验产物中黄铁矿晶粒尺寸的变化范围为42.543~63.799 nm,磁黄铁矿晶粒尺寸的变化范围为21.973~87.926 nm,黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿的晶胞体积变化较小。结合热力学计算结果分析认为,在热硫化条件下,当Fe∶S比值小于或等于磁黄铁矿中铁硫原子比时,反应生成磁黄铁矿;当Fe∶S比值超过磁黄铁矿中铁硫原子比时,实验产物中出现黄铁矿;当Fe∶S比值达到或超过黄铁矿中铁硫原子比时,反应主要生成黄铁矿。过硫条件有利于黄铁矿的生长,硫源越充足,实验产物中黄铁矿越多。     

不同水域鲤鱼耳石CaCO3晶体结构特征与环境响应初探

鱼耳石主要成分是CaCO3,主要以文石(或霰石)形式存在,在过去四、五十年来在晶体结构研究方面取得了较多的成果.然而,不同水域鲤鱼耳石CaCO3晶体结构信息特征与环境响应研究却未见报道.本文对密云水库和白洋淀水域鲤鱼耳石X-粉晶衍射结果进行了研究,并分析了两地晶胞参数a0、b0、c0和单位晶胞体积的差异.结果显示,两地耳石样品均由霰石组成,分属三种不同结构:两种六方晶系P63/mmc(no.194)结构和一种斜方晶系Pbnm(Pnma no.62)结构.属于六方晶系的耳石样品中,密云水库鲤鱼耳石样品晶胞参     

陕西八卦庙金矿石英标型特征研究

八卦庙金矿的石英可分为3期，即早期近EW向顺层脉、中期NE向节理脉和晚期缓倾斜切脉。X光衍射分析表明，石英的日胞参数、晶胞体积及有关衍射强度比值（I101/I100）和石英的Au的含量相关关系不明显，但总体上有关晶胞参数值较一般标准石英的要大；不同标高石英的晶胞参数表现为脉动式的变化。另外，从成矿早期到晚期；c0/a0和I101/I100值随温度降低而有所降低，石英薄片红外光谱研究结果表明，石英包裹体中H2O的相对光密度D1/D0值除一个样品较小（0.32)外，其斜 均在1.23-4.77，平均2.3143。总体上Au含量较高的石英其H2O和CO2的相对光密度D1/D0和D2/D0值也具相对较高的趋势；并且D1/D0和D2/D0具有密切的正相关关系，相关系数为0858。这种同步增长说明H2O和CO2气液丰富有利于Au的矿化定集，标高相差150 m样品的H2O和CO2的相对光密度值未发生显著变化且无意含Au性较好的信息说明八卦庙金矿深部的矿化前景依然不错。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861