褶积与反褶积的一种计算方法

应用FFT方法计算实型线性褶积与反褶积问题时,通常需要将线性褶积转化为k=1的循环褶积,因而所得到的计算结果是近似的并且产生较为严重的边界效应问题.本文提出了一种新方法,它通过将线性褶积转化为k=±-1的循环型褶积,然后引入FFT进行计算;在保证不增加计算量的情况下,所得到的实型褶积运算是精确的、反褶积运算中边界效应可以得到较好的改善.     

A new method for precursory information extraction: Slope-difference information method

IntroductionSignificant progress has been made in the application of crustal deformation data to the intermediate and long-term earthquake prediction, seismicity situation judgment and the intermediate-term prediction, but the application to the intermediate and short-term earthquake prediction and research is difficult. This is because the crustal deformation data are not stable and contain strong intermediate and long-term deformational and disturbing signals, annual deformation signals and …     

一种新地震定位方法研究

提高地震定位精度一直是地震学应用研究的重要课题之一,目前已经发展了多种方法用于台网定位。这些方法的共同弱点是应对复杂情况的能力差、震后处理时间过长、不能根据地震信息的增加自动修改速度模型而提高下一次地震定位的精度。开发地震台网资源,使之实现地震预警的功能,必须解决地震快速定位问题。为此,本文提出了一种基于地震台网资料的网格化地震定位方法。震前建立每个区间网格到台站的理论走时数据库,震时仅通过优化搜索,以每两个台站的到时差与理论走时差之间的方差最小的网格位置为震源,并得到发震时刻。通过在黑龙江省地震台网的实际应用说明方法可靠,精度较高。     

Unbaited phreatic traps: A new method of sampling stygofauna

(1) A new method of sampling stygofauna is presented, along with some data derived from applications in the field. Numerous bores were sampled for fauna, water and bacteria, down to a depth of 7.50 m. Two or 3 unbaited traps were fixed to a central pole within the bore. The traps consist of an inert plastic chamber with holes in the upper parts and gaskets near the bottom and near the lid of each trap. The content of the traps was emptied monthly using a pump.

(2) While the taxonomic composition of the trap samples seemed to be comparable to the surrounding groundwater, estimation of abundances in the traps might differ, with a potential over-estimation in the traps, in particular in sparsely populated aquifers. Detailed comparative studies on the performance of the method are, as yet, lacking.

(3) Trap data of invertebrate communities reflect hydraulic changes, and highest abundances and taxa richness were found near the water table. They decreased rapidly with depth, implying that small-scale stratified sampling is possible.

(4) The technique is cheap, reliable, simple and rapid to use, and allows simultaneous sampling of hydro-chemical, faunal and microbial samples. The method seems to be suitable for a wide range of sub-surface waters, where the water table is shallower than 8 m.

A new inverse method and application to ocean data

A new method is proposed to inverse normalization data of hidden variables in a dynamical system by embedding a time series in multidimensional spaces and applying a normalization analysis to the conditional probability density of points in the reconstructed phase spaces. The method is robust in the application to Lorenz system and 4-dimensional R?ssler system by testing quantitatively and qualitatively the correlation coefficient between inverse data and original data in time domain and in frequency domain, respectively. By applying the method to analyzing the South China Sea data, the normalization data of wind speed is extracted from the sea surface temperature time series.     

一种新的地震危险性表达方法研究

为了寻找一种精度较高、超越概率范围较广并且便于应用的方式来表达地震危险性,本文回顾了当前常用的几种地震危险性表达方法,提出基于一个新函数来拟合地震危险性曲线的“特征系数法”,并使用《中国地震动参数区划图》（GB 18306—2015）的基础数据对该函数的拟合效果进行了验证。结果表明,新函数与地震危险性曲线拟合良好,与极值函数相比有明显的提升,能够充分地表达一个场点的地震危险性。另外,本文结果还显示该函数中表征曲线形状的参数k （文中称为特征系数）与场点面临的地震环境有关,k值较低的场点危险性贡献基本来自近场,而k值较高的场点中远距离的贡献是不能忽视的。      

自动绘制地质柱状图的新方法

CorelDraw软件作为出版界认可的高质量通用绘图软件,具有人机交互能力强、速度快、占用硬件资源少等多种优点,在地质界也已被广泛应用.但应用CorelDraw软件在绘制地质柱状图时,只能手工绘制,而不能用批量数据直接成图,影响了地质研究的工作效率.本文应用VB对CorelDraw软件进行少量简单的编码,快速解决了这一相对复杂的问题.不仅加强了CorelDraw软件的自动绘图功能,而且提高了地质柱状图的绘制效率和精度,为绘制基于柱状图的各种复杂地质图件,尤其是绘制地质剖面图提供了高效易行的手段.     

电离层层析重构的一种新算法

自适应联合迭代重构算法是电离层层析成像中一种收敛速度较快的反演算法.然而,在电离层电子密度重构过程中,该方法对迭代初值的精度要求较高.针对上述问题,本文提出了一种约束自适应联合迭代重构算法,该方法通过附加合理的平滑约束,减弱了没有观测信息的格网对迭代初值精度的依赖性,有效地提高了反演结果精度.数值模拟实验和实测数据的反演结果证实了该算法的可行性和在重构精度上的优越性.     

地震记录处理的一种新方法

介绍了M icrosoftV isual C (VC )和M atlab相结合开发地震记录处理软件的一种新方法。VC 和M atlab相结合开发地震记录处理软件,减轻了编程人员的工作量,提高了软件的开发效率和处理能力,为此类软件的开发提供了一种方便灵活的实现方法。通过一简单地震记录处理程序的三种不同实现途径,详细讲述了VC 和M atlab的编译环境。三种不同实现途径分别是:(1)VC 中直接调用M atlab C 数学图形函数库生成独立可执行程序;(2)VC 调用M程序生成的C/C 代码生成独立可执行程序;(3)VC 调用M文件转换成的DLL(动态链接库)生成可执行程序。文章还对三种实现途径进行了优缺点的比较,为开发人员在具体开发时提供参考。     

识别震源性质的一种新方法

提出了利用地震事件的震源差异在倒谱域所呈现的不同特征识别震源性质的新方法。识别结果表明新方法是有效的 ,展示出良好的应用前景     

储层流体识别的新方法

利用小波变换方法可以把原始信号分解为一系列载有不同信息的子信号,每种子信号载有储层的特定信息,包括流体、岩性和孔隙结构等。我们开发出了基于小波变换的谱分析方法,利用该方法可以从这些子信号中提取出反映地层流体特性的子信号,通过对该子信号的处理识别出地层所含流体的特性。本文利用该流体识别新方法对某油田的实际测井资料进行了处理,处理结果与试油结果符合得很好,进一步证明了本方法的可靠性和实用性。     

A new method for computation of seismicity

Summary Seismicity of a region is defined as a surface integral of the local seismicity in that region divided by its area. Local seismicity results from the assumed scattering of each epicentre according to normal distribution as continuous point function It is represented by the sum of the products of all seismic energies taken into consideration and the distribution functions of the concerned epicentres. For a plane rectangular region a practicable formula for computation of seismicity is given by means of the error integral.Publication No 25 of the Institut für Geodynamik, 69 Jena (GDR), Burgweg 11. Forschungsgemeinschaft der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin.     

确定震源深度的PTD方法及其应用

根据对不同台站间初至到时作变换后的时差来计算地震的深度，利用该方法计算了华东地区１８２￣１９９２年底能定出深度的地震，并作了相应的误差分析，按中国分区速度结构，编制出各区的深度－走时差表，并举例说明该表的用法。     

识别地震与爆炸的一种时间域新方法

利用地震观测波形直达纵横波能量的差异,在时间域创建标志地震事件震源性质的新参量a,计算182个台站记录的24个地震事件的a值,并用以分析2017年9月3日敏感地区发生的地震事件性质。结果表明,判据a具有良好的震源性质依附效应,从而为地震与爆炸的识别引进了一种新方法。     

A new temperature based method to separate rain and snow

This paper presents the development and testing of a new method to estimate daily snowfall from precipitation and associated temperature records. The new method requires two variables; the threshold mean daily air temperature at which 50% of precipitation is considered snow, and the temperature range within which mixed precipitation can occur. Sensitivity analyses using 15 climate stations across south‐western Alberta, Canada, and ranging from prairie to alpine regions investigates the sensitivity of those two variables on mean annual snowfall (MAS), the coefficient of determination, and the MAS‐weighted coefficient of determination. Existing methods, including the static threshold method, one linear transition method used by Quick and Pipes, and the Leavesley method employed in the PRMS hydrological modelling system are compared with the new method, using a total of 963 years of daily data from the 15 climate stations used for the sensitivity analyses. Four different approaches to using the two input variables (threshold temperature and range) were tested and statistically compared: mean annual variables based on the 15 stations, mean annual variables for each station, mean monthly variables for each station, and a sine curve representing seasonal variation of the variables. In almost all cases the proposed new method resulted in higher MAS‐weighted coefficients of determination, and, on average, they were significantly different from those of other methods. The paper concludes with a decision tree to help decide which method and approach to apply under a variety of data availabilities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new and simple method for qualitative sampling of meiobenthos-communities

The introduced collecting method is based on a common entomologist exhauster, which is specified for the fieldwork in aquatic systems with a sieve-inset and a bottom-lid. The living organisms are collected visually from the sampled debris and no further extraction is needed. The apparatus is designed for qualitative sampling of microcrustaceans (e.g. Cladocera, Copepoda, Ostracoda) and minimises disturbance at the sampling site.     

A new method for aquifer system identification and parameter estimation

The standard practice for assessing aquifer parameters is to match groundwater drawdown data obtained during pumping tests against theoretical well function curves specific to the aquifer system being tested. The shape of the curve derived from the logarithmic time derivative of the drawdown data is also very frequently used as a diagnostic tool to identify the aquifer system in which the pumping test is being conducted. The present study investigates the incremental area method (IAM) to serve as an alternative diagnostic tool for the aquifer system identification as well as a supplement to the aquifer parameter estimation procedure. The IAM based diagnostic curves for ideal confined, leaky, bounded and unconfined aquifers have been derived as part of this study, and individual features of the plots have been identified. These features were noted to be unique to each aquifer setting, which could be used for rapid evaluation of the aquifer system. The effectiveness of the IAM methodology was investigated by analyzing field data for various aquifer settings including leaky, unconfined, bounded and heterogeneous conditions. The results showed that the proposed approach is a viable method for use as a diagnostic tool to identify the aquifer system characteristics as well as to support the estimation of the hydraulic parameters obtained from standard curve matching procedures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

各向异性叠前时间偏移——以东濮凹陷为例

建立精准的偏移速度场是复杂地质构造成像的核心.常规的速度分析方法在大炮检距、地层界面倾斜或弯曲、盐下及深部多层介质等情况下精度不高,影响到地震成像效果与解释结果的可靠性.为解决这个问题,采用了一套叠前时间偏移速度场建立的新方法:初始偏移速度求取和双谱法高密度逐点速度分析,即通过合理的参数提取和速度计算,提高动校正精度,基本消除各向异性影响.把获得的速度和各向异性参数作为Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移的基本参数进行叠前时间偏移处理,从而提高叠前偏移成像精度.通过在东濮凹陷BM和MC地区的实际应用取得了较好的效果.