九龙县汤古乡黄牛厂泉水调查及评价研究

汤古乡黄牛厂泉因其独特的医药功能而著称。分析讨论温泉的天然特征,通过对泉点所处位置的地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质条件调查及对泉水水样进行饮用天然矿泉水水质检验。结果表明,该泉属于流量相对稳定的接触带泉;泉水中Li、Sr等多项指标符合界限指标要求,但锰及硼酸盐超过饮用矿泉水限量标准;泉水有一定的理疗功效,具有较高的开发价值。     

洪山泉流量动态及影响因素分析

以39年洪水泉流量观测资料为基础，对泉水稳定性、变化特征及影响因素进行了探讨分析，结果表明洪水泉39年的泉水流量动态曲线出现了4个高峰、4个低谷，峰谷交替时间间隔周期为8年左右。大气降水是洪水泉水的主要补给来源，对泉水补给存在着8年的滞后期，是控制着泉水的流量的主要因素，随着多年降雨量的减少泉水流量呈下降趋势，采煤及地下水超采改变了地下水的补经排条件，影响了洪水泉水量水质，也是洪水泉流量减少的重要原因，今后应加强洪水泉的保护，进行合理开发以达到可持续利用的目的。     

太行山东缘典型岩溶泉流量变化特征及规律分析

为揭示太行山东缘小南海泉流量变化特征及规律,基于小南海泉1971-2016年的流量资料,采用R/S分析法、Mann-Kendall趋势分析法和小波分析法,探讨小南海泉流量变化规律及特征。结果表明:小南海泉年流量呈显著下降趋势,年变化幅度为0.05 m3·s-1;未来泉流量的变化趋势和过去一致,具有持续性特征,且持续性强烈;泉流量的变化存在约15、27年的主周期与6年的次周期。降水量的减少和气温的增加是导致泉流量减少的主要气象因素,且这种暖干化现象会持续发展。泉流量对降雨的响应存在一定的滞后,流量与前五个月的月降水量均呈高度相关,其中与前2月的降水相关性最高,研究成果可为小南海泉水资源合理开发和保护提供依据。      

北京市海淀区泉水生态保护措施研究

受气候及区域水资源变化影响,北京地区泉水大量减少。以京西海淀地区为例,在水文地质条件分析基础上,根据成因进行泉的分类;收集历史监测数据和研究成果,结合现状调查,总结泉的流量和水质变化特征规律;根据泉的成因、生态和资源作用等,提出泉水保护建议。     

重庆北温泉水化学特征对汶川8.0级地震的响应

2008年5月1日至7月4日汶川8.0级地震前后,对距震中约400 km的重庆北温泉7个泉点进行采样监测,发现其水温、水量及水化学特征均发生了较大变化：（1）所有泉点震后水温都下降了1℃左右;（2）海拔相对较高的BWQ-2、BWQ-3、BWQ-4泉点相继断流,而下游海拔较低的BWQ-1泉点水量则增加了15 L/s,BWQ-6泉点水量也有所增加;（3）海拔较低泉点泉水中K＋、Na＋、Ca2＋浓度减少,Mg2＋浓度增大,且K＋、Na＋、Ca2＋浓度呈正相关;Fe3＋、Mn2＋浓度于地震当日成倍增长,随后逐渐减小,7月4日时浓度与5月1日相当;SO42-、F-浓度增大后逐渐减少。引起北温泉水物理化学变化的主因是：由于汶川强烈地震,导致北温泉区上覆盖层裂隙与下伏温泉含水层裂隙贯通,地表或上覆盖层低温水汇入含水层所致。     

甘肃省黑河干流中游地区泉水动态特征及预报

在简述区域水文地质条件的基础上,依据1986～2007年泉水流量系列观测资料,详细论述了区内下降泉、上升泉的年内和多年动态变化特征,对比分析了1967年、1984年、2006年测区各泉域泉水量和泉水总量的时空分布规律和变化特征。利用已有的潜水二维流水量数学模型,推递并建立了利用泉点周围节点水头(水位)预报泉水流量的数学模型,并对测区泉水总量未来15年的变化趋势进行了预报。结果表明,在现状节水灌溉条件下,由于出山径流量的增加和地下水开采量的减少,未来黑河干流中游地区的泉水资源基本处于稳定状态。     

郭庄泉流量衰减趋势分析及保护对策

根据对郭庄泉流量衰减原因、水质污染及泉水资源开发利用管理中存在的问题进行分析,提出注重生态环境建设,防止水质进一步恶化,加强基础工作研究,加强采煤排水管理,防止泉域内岩溶水开采条件恶化,加强节约用水,提高泉水资源利用效率四项泉水保护的建议。     

GM(1,1)分解模型与ARIMA模型在岩溶地下水模拟中的对比研究——以柳林泉流量模拟为例

本文运用GM(1,1)分解模型和ARIMA模型分别模拟柳林泉流量。根据影响特征将泉水流量变化分为两个时段研究:1957—1973年泉水流量处于自然状态;1974—2009年泉水流量受气候变化和人类活动双重影响。运用第1时段的数据建模获得自然状态下泉水流量的模型,将模型外推,获得第2阶段自然状态下泉水流量,然后根据水量平衡原理,减去同期实测流量,获得人类活动对泉水流量衰减的贡献。GM(1,1)分解模型的结果显示,从20世纪70年代到21世纪初柳林泉衰减量为2.26m3/s;ARIMA模型的结果为2.32m3/s;与同期实际衰减量2.27m3/s比,相对误差分别为0.44%和2.20%,表明两种模型都适用于泉水流量的模拟。对比人类活动和气候变化对柳林泉流量衰减的贡献,两个模型得到同样结果,即人类活动的贡献是气候变化的8～9倍。实证研究显示,GM(1,1)模型适用于指数序列的模拟,对具有周期波动的泉水流量,可通过周期修正提高精度;而ARIMA模型能够较好地反映泉水流量相对于降水量的时间滞后效应,能比较准确地模拟泉水流量与降水量的量化关系。      

基于水化学和同位素特征的四川黄龙沟泉群分类研究

本文采用水化学和同位素方法对四川黄龙沟沿途出露的7个泉点进行了分析.结果表明,泉水水化学和同位素的时空变化反映了CO2逸出、钙华沉积和蒸发效应等诸多因素的共同影响,是由这些泉水处在四个水循环转化段决定的.根据水化学和同位素特征可将这些泉水划分为三种不同的类型:深部泉、表生泉和转化泉.这些认识将为四川黄龙沟景观水资源的管...     

典型背斜槽谷区岩溶水资源空间分布格局与水质特征——以宜居河流域为例

文章选取典型背斜槽谷区——宜居河流域作为研究对象,结合不同水文地质单元对流域岩溶泉进行出露特征及水质分析,研究结果表明:(1) 二叠系、三叠系含水层的调查泉点水化学类型全部属于HCO3-Ca型水,而寒武系、奥陶系含水层部分泉点属于HCO3·SO4-Ca型水,这可能与该地区的岩性及人类活动有关;流域内93.8%的岩溶泉点水质等级为优良和良好,可作为饮用水源;(2)流域内岩溶泉流量<10 L·s-1的岩溶泉数量占78%,平均流量仅为0.84 L·s-1;流量≥10 L·s-1的岩溶大泉平均流量达76.56 L·s-1;此外,发现不同岩性地层在岩溶泉发育的数量和流量上皆有差异,表现出岩溶泉发育的极不均一性;(3) 在可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带、断裂构造带、陡崖处、地势较低的弱承压泄流区、深切河谷及峡谷两侧切割处5类地点易出露岩溶泉。      

Balneological study based on the hydrogeochemical aspects of the sulfate springs water (Hit–Kubaiysa region), Iraq

This research examined the balneological characteristics of spring waters within the area of Abu-Jir Fault Zone throughout the hydrogeologic aspects explained by the setting of the hydrogeologic units including the water-bearing horizons of Euphrates, Ana, and Baba Formations. The groundwater flow in the hydrogeologic system correlated with the trends of enrichment or depletion case processes of mineralization (spatial distribution maps of TDS and other components) show different phenomena of groundwater source and interconnection, which helps in the classification springs into two potential site. The physicochemical characteristics of the water flow from springs indicate a hydrochemical approach throughout the spatial variation of important parameters (using Rockware software) related to the balneological study. The monitoring network of the spring waters performed by seven field measurements and 33 variables (totaling to 720 detected measurements) in 18 springs approved the after desk study and water point inventory using a GPS apparatus (GARMIN SUMMIT-e TREX). The study examined the integrated hydrogeological aspects and spring water properties for evolutions and the classification of minero-medicinal water. The traditional hydrochemical information of the spring waters and their sediment properties correlated with balneological limits (standards and definitions) are used in the selection of springs characterized by balneotherapeutic applications. A suggested screening and ranking technique has been developed for evaluating preferable springs selected for natural therapy. The application of ranking technique indicates four graded consequent preferable springs for balneotherapeutic investment: first grade spring represented by Kubaiysa spring (S-4); second grade springs represented by Tawila spring (S-12); third grade springs represented by Mamora spring (S-15), Arnab spring (S-10), Zazoe spring (S-5), and Maqtoom spring (S-13); and fourth grade springs represented by Khalidiya spring (S-16) and Layeg spring (S-7).     

降雪及旅游活动对金佛山表层岩溶泉水化学的影响

金佛山是世界自然遗产,冬季到景区赏雪的游客众多。为探究降雪过程及旅游活动对金佛山表层岩溶泉的影响,本文对2014年12月一次大规模降雪前后的水房泉水化学变化进行高频自动取样监测,获取高分辨率的水化学变化曲线,与大气降水、土壤水及污水的理化特征进行比较,并采用主成分分析法剖析影响泉水化学的主要因素。结果表明泉水理化学指标在降雪的不同阶段表现出显著的动态变化:在积雪初期（2014-12-10至2014-12-14）大部分水化学指标基本稳定;此后至积雪大面积融化前（2014-12-15至2014-12-28）旅游排污量增大,泉水的水温、流量、浊度、盐度以及各项离子含量呈上升趋势,而pH、溶解氧则呈下降趋势,水化学指标变幅大;积雪融化期间,融水补给使泉水溶解氧和浊度上升,其他水化学指标先下降后上升。主成分分析显示旅游活动的污水输入是引起泉水水质变化的首要因素,主成分贡献率达59%;积雪融化的稀释作用能一定程度缓解流域地下水污染状况,是第二影响因素,贡献率31%。      

Tracer tests, hydrochemical and microbiological investigations as a basis for groundwater protection in a remote tropical mountainous karst area, Vietnam

The Tam Duong karst area in NW Vietnam is among the poorest and remotest regions in the country. The local population largely depends on water from two main karst springs. Due to agricultural activity and untreated domestic wastewaters, the spring water is often microbiologically contaminated. In order to provide a scientific basis for groundwater protection in the area, different field methods have been applied including hydrogeological framework investigations, tracer tests, and hydrochemical and microbiological sampling and analyses. All methods had to be adapted to the conditions of a poor and remote area. These adaptations included, amongst other measures, the use of a portable microbiological water_testing kit and the involvement of the local population in the sampling campaign. The tracer tests showed simple and direct connections between two important swallow holes and the two main springs, and made it possible to determine the linear groundwater flow velocities, which are extremely high (up to 875 m/h). The hydrochemical and microbiological data confirmed the strong impact of the streams sinking into the swallow holes on the spring water quality. Future groundwater source protection strategies should consequently focus on the reduction of polluting activities near the sinking streams and within their catchment areas.     

The use of nitrate, bacteria and fluorescent tracers to characterize groundwater recharge and contamination in a karst catchment, Chongqing, China

The Qingmuguan subterranean river system is located in the suburb of Chongqing, China, and it is the drinking water source that local people downstream rely on. The study aims to provide a scientific basis for groundwater protection in that area, using a hydrogeological framework, tracer tests, hydrological online monitoring, and hydrochemical and microbiological investigation, including heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and the analysis of denitrifying bacteria (DNB) and nitrobacteria (NB). The tracer tests proved simple and direct connections between two important sinkholes and the main springs, and also proved that the underground flows here are fast and turbulent. DNB and NB analyses revealed that the main recharge to the underground river in the dry season is the soil-leached water passing through the fissures of the epikarst, while in the rainy season, it is the surface water flow through sinkholes. The hydrochemical and microbiological data confirmed the notable impact of agriculture and sewage on the spring water quality. In the future, groundwater protection here should focus on targeted vulnerability mapping that yields different protection strategies for different seasons.     

济南泉域排泄区岩溶地下水水化学特征

文章通过分析研究济南泉域排泄区地下水水化学成分特征及形成过程,结合岩溶地下水的补径排条件,揭示了不同位置、不同深度循环的水质存在差异的原因。为保护泉水、优化泉域内地下水的开采方案提供了依据。     

重庆市北温泉与四川康定温泉水之地球化学特征对比

对重庆北温泉从2005年6月至12月进行每月采样监测,结果表明: 北温泉的水化学类型为SO4 - Ca 型, SO2-4 和Ca2+ 分别占阴阳离子总量的86. 8%和79. 7% , pH值接近于中性,属低温热泉。与之相对比的青藏高原东北缘的康定温泉(除二道桥温泉之外)明显富集Na+ ( 67. 6% ) ,阴离子以HCO-3 为主( 86. 4% ) ,水化学类型为HCO3— Na 型,属高温热泉,水源深度较北温泉深1km以上;而康定的二道桥温泉则明显富集Ca2+ ( 53. 3% ) ,阴离子以HCO-3 ( 90% )为主,水化学类型为HCO3— Ca型,属于低温热泉。根据矿物饱和指数和CO2 分压的计算结果,虽然北温泉的泉水均对方解石和白云石达到饱和状态,但只在部分泉点形成少量钙华沉积。康定温泉对方解石为过饱和,而对白云石为不饱和,因此,在康定温泉有较多的方解石钙华沉积。两个地点对石膏均为不饱和。此外,康定温泉的二氧化碳分压远远高于北温泉。北温泉3号泉点的各主要离子浓度均低于北温泉的其它泉点,是由于地表水的混入所造成。根据所测得的硫酸根浓度进行估算,在北温泉3号泉泉水中雨季时地表水的混入约为40% ,旱季时约为20%。      

Hydrochemical model and probable pollution in the water of Euphrates River (Qaem–Falluja)

The study of hydrochemical models and probable pollution in Euphrates River from Qaem–Al-Falluja was performed through regime observation in ten water points. The hydrochemical properties of Euphrates River waters are determined by using the analysis results of 21 physico-chemical variables during the water year (2008). The interpretation of the hydrochemical phenomena is achieved in accordance with the statistical results of Polynomial Regression Statistic, calculating the coefficient of variation among the physico-chemical components of the water terminating by 14 models. The results of monitoring during the water year 2008 indicate a pollution case by SO₄ and Cd in Ramadi and downstream stations; TDS, Mg, Na, Cl, Mn, and CO₂ in Ramadi station; TDS, Ca, Na, Cl, and Fe in Baghdadi station; and Ca and H _T in Qaem station and Mg in Obaydi station. The research suggests the best locations for hydrochemical monitoring as continuous hydrologic stations used for the long-term monitoring. These stations are in Qaem city as inlet location and Al-Baghdadi and Ramadi cities terminating in Falluja city as outlet location. Furthermore, daily record system is recommended for the other stations in each city to complete the regime observation of Euphrates water type. From the configuration approach of hydrochemical models with the pollution phenomena, there are potential point sources of pollution such as municipal effluent pipes and reused water from mining process for building materials in the first sector of river, which extends between Qaem and Haditha dam. Also groundwater seepages and springs discharge of mineralized water mixed with sewage water from cities act as potential point sources of pollution on the river water in the second sector extended between Haditha and Ramadi scheme. The third sector of the river is affected by all reasons in the first and second sectors as well as the effectiveness of agricultural activities throughout drainage canals and irrigation projects extended between Ramadi and Falluja cities.     

即墨市宝龙泉水文地质条件调查与分析

通过资料收集、专项地质测量、水文地质调查与测绘、水文地质物探、水文地质钻探、钻孔抽水试验、水质分析试验和综合研究等技术方法对宝龙泉区域水文地质条件进行了勘查,对泉的成因、汇水面积、补给量和流量进行了初步的分析和探索,结果显示:泉区内发育的7条近南北和近东西向的断裂异常构成了宝龙泉泉脉的构造格局,经钻探验证,3条断裂透水性好,含水丰富,其中DF1-3和DF3-4断裂为宝龙泉的主要泉脉通道;在水位标高53. 07 m时,泉水自流的流量为296. 76 m^3/d;泉水的矿化度为0. 582 g/L,水化学类型HCO3·SO4-Ca型。地下水水质主要类型分类为Ⅱ~Ⅲ类,均受不同程度的污染,主要适用于集中式生活饮用水水源及工、农业用水。按地表汇水面积和断裂形成的区域面积分别计算,可估算出宝龙泉流量平均为303. 78 m^3/d和337. 14 m^3/d。研究结果可为宝龙泉区域泉水的保护和开发利用提供依据。     

Roles of hydrogeochemical evaluations in estimating protection zones of Koçpınar springs in Aksaray, central Anatolia, Turkey

The present study indicates estimation of protection zones of KoçpLnar springs in Aksaray area by means of hydrogeochemical methods. Relevant hydrogeochemical studies were carried out to achieve this objective. KoçpLnar springs emerge on strike-slip Hasanda<L fault set (HFS) along the Tuzgölü (Salt Lake) fault zone (TFZ) in central Anatolia. The outcrops of volcanic origin exhibit different hydrogeological properties in the study area. The hydrogeochemical evaluations of KoçpLnar springs represent good results about the available main groundwater flow systems that exist in this area. Marbles of Palaeozoic age form the main aquifer that recharges KoçpLnar springs. The CO₂ gas content of the spring waters is significantly high. Based on the ion concentrations, the water of this spring has mainly two hydrochemical facies: Ca-Mg-HCO₃ and Na-HCO₃. Although, the hydrochemical analyses showed that waters of these springs meet the drinking and irrigation water standards, the area around the springs is continuously being contaminated by both domestic and agricultural wastes. Therefore, detailed hydrogeological, hydrochemical and isotopic investigations were carried out to accurately estimate the protection zones of KoçpLnar springs. These studies showed that three main protection zones could be proposed against external pollution effects around the spring's area.