甘肃宕昌好梯碱性超基性火山岩:一种含上地幔包体和巨晶的钾质超镁铁煌斑岩

甘肃宕昌好梯含上地幔包体和巨晶的碱性超基性火山岩为新生代火山作用的产物。该火山岩的岩相学、矿物学、岩石化学和地球化学特征显示了从碱性基性岩(霞石碱玄岩-碧玄岩)-超基性岩(苦橄岩-玻基辉橄岩)-钾镁煌斑岩之过渡类型岩石的特征。表明好榜火山岩是一种煌斑岩。根据火山岩的岩相学、矿物学、岩石化学和地球化学特征,火山岩的镁铁指数>90,特别是岩石中含一定数量的金云母以及含白榴石、原生方解石、碱性角闪石和碱性辉石的球状分异物等特征,将该火山岩命名为钾质超镁铁煌斑岩。本文还提出该钾质超镁铁煌斑岩代表一种原生煌斑岩浆的标志。     

西藏拉萨地块西部扎布耶茶卡火山岩的成因与意义

近年来在青藏高原南部拉萨地块不断发现的碰撞后钾质和超钾质岩石,对于揭示印度与亚洲大陆碰撞以来高原岩石圈的深部作用与过程发挥了重要作用。分布在拉萨地块西部扎布耶茶卡东岸的钾质和超钾质火山岩主体喷发时代为中新世（约16Ma）,出露面积约为400km2,火山岩持续喷发0.45Ma,估算的喷发速率约为0.26×10-3km3/a。岩石包括3种类型,第一类（约16Ma）为超钾质的粗面安山岩,SiO2低（55%~58 %）,高Fe2O3、MgO、TiO2;第二类（约27Ma）为钾玄质的响岩和粗面岩;第三类是高SiO2的钾玄质—超钾质粗面岩（SiO2＝59%~64％）和流纹岩（SiO2＝69％）。岩石显示轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素高度富集和部分高场强元素亏损的特征,部分中酸性岩石显示高Sr低Y的埃达克岩的属性。岩石的Sr-Nd-Pb-O同位素组成与拉萨地块典型的超钾质岩石明显不同,显示亲青藏高原北部地球化学省的地球化学特征。扎布耶茶卡不同类型的岩浆代表了碰撞后高原南部岩石圈减薄作用导致的岩石圈不同层次的岩石部分熔融的产物。     

北京西山沿河城东岭台组火山岩成因及其地质意义

北京西山沿河城东岭台组火山岩由底部(第1岩性段)玄武粗安岩、下部(第2岩性段)酸性火山碎屑岩和上部(第3、4岩性段)粗面岩、流纹岩组成。根据地球化学特征,东岭台组下部第1岩性段玄武粗安岩属于碱性系列,具有Coombs成分变异趋势,上部的中、酸性岩属于高钾钙碱性;东岭台组火山岩整体具有从碱质富集的基性岩向硅饱和的中酸性岩变化的跨越式成分变异趋势。东岭台组中—基性岩是富集Ba、Sr、LREE和K的幔源原始玄武质岩浆在中等压力条件下分离结晶的产物,岩石在成岩过程中受到了下地壳物质的混染。东岭台组上部第3、4岩性段的粗面岩或英安岩依据地球化学特征分为3大类——富铝钾质粗面岩、富铝钠质粗面岩或英安岩与贫铝粗面岩或英安岩。富铝钾质粗面岩是玄武质岩浆与中地壳岩石发生熔融反应的产物;富铝钠质粗面岩或英安岩是内侵的基性岩含水熔融的产物;贫铝粗面岩或英安岩有可能由中—基性岩分异而来,成岩过程中受到围岩混染。东岭台组下部第2岩性段的酸性火山岩形成于下地壳低钾岩石在高氧逸度条件下的低程度部分熔融。东岭台组上部第3、4岩性段的酸性火山岩中的低硅端元是基性岩浆与中地壳岩石发生熔融反应的产物;高硅端元由低硅酸性火山岩分离结晶演化而来。燕山早白垩世早、中期大规模高钾钙碱性岩浆活动很可能是幔源岩浆与陆壳发生熔融反应的产物。东岭台组火山岩是早白垩世中期地壳被内侵玄武质岩浆加热,进而导致地温梯度增高的直观表征;地壳深部温度升高和部分熔融直接促使地壳发生侧向韧性流动,致使早白垩世时期的燕山地区由山地演变为高原。     

北京平谷—天津蓟县一带钾质响岩岩石学特征及综合利用研究

北京平谷—天津蓟县一带,广泛出露中元古代大红峪组钾质响岩。本 文从岩相学、岩石化学和矿物成分等方面简要介绍了钾质响岩的岩石学特征,认为该类岩石是良好的不溶性钾质资源。重点介绍了笔者近年来在钾质响岩综合利用方面取得的成果,指出钾质响岩可以通过焙烧、水热合成、酸化处理、蒸发结晶等工艺,制取13X沸石分子筛、白炭黑和碳酸钾等工业产品。该工艺在国内外属首创。     

西藏雄巴地区雄巴组火山岩地球化学特征、岩浆源区探究

在西藏革吉县雄巴南1:5万4幅区域地质调查工作中发现西藏雄巴地区大面积展布钾质-超钾质火山岩,火山岩属雄巴期。对雄巴组粗安岩及粗面岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年,测试结果分别为17.67±0.28Ma、24.3±2.5Ma,其形成时代为中新世。通过对雄巴组火山岩岩石地球化学分析,并对雄巴组火山岩粗安岩及粗面岩岩浆源区研究,表明两类岩石(粗安岩及粗面岩)基本未遭受或仅遭受了极低程度的蚀变,两者均属钾玄岩系列,粗安岩及粗面岩物质源区可能以角闪岩为主,且粗面岩物质源区有向杂砂岩过渡的趋势。     

国内难溶性钾矿资源及其开发利用

国内难溶性钾矿资源较丰富,可分为含钾岩石和含钾矿物两大类及若干亚类。含钾沉积岩有:富钾火山沉积凝灰岩(绿豆岩),含钾砂、页岩,含钾泥灰岩,含钾石膏泥,含钾磷块岩等;含钾岩浆岩有:霞石正长岩、霓辉石石英正长岩、流纹斑岩、正长斑岩、花岗伟晶岩、钾长粗面凝灰熔岩等;含钾变质岩有:钾长浅粒岩、云母片岩、钾长混合片麻岩等;可作钾矿资源的含钾矿物有:钾长石、明矾石、伊利石、白榴石、海绿石等。目前,绿豆岩,含钾砂、页岩,流纹岩,海绿石,白榴石等已可单独开采利用,制作钾肥;霞石正长岩、伊利石、钾长石、明矾石等可被综合回收利用;粗面岩、响岩、粗玄岩,含钾泥灰岩、钾长浅粒岩等尚待开发利用。     

西藏措勤地区发现第三纪富钾岩浆岩

西藏措勤地区发现了第三纪富钾火山岩及正长岩,其同位素年龄分别为15.8～15.9Ma和27.15Ma。火山岩主要岩石类型为粗安岩,少量粗面岩、玄武粗安岩、白榴石玄武粗安岩;正长岩主要岩性为中—中粗粒或似斑状霓辉正长岩。岩石学、岩石化学初步研究表明其属于钾玄质-超钾质火山岩和碱性正长岩。这一发现填补了冈底斯北部新生代富钾质岩浆活动的空白,为进一步研究青藏高原形成和演化提供了重要资料。     

青藏高原拉萨地块碰撞后超钾质岩石的时空分布及其意义

对西藏拉萨地块超钾质岩石的研究是近10年来青藏高原研究的重要进展之一。本文对西藏拉萨地块中部当若雍错和许如错地区的超钾质火山岩进行了透长石和黑云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年。当若雍错粗面岩的黑云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar等时线年龄为13．2±0．3Ma,3个透长石的等时线年龄分别为13．0±0．3Ma、13．7±0．3Ma和13．0±0．3Ma;许如错辉石粗面岩黑云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar等时线年龄为11．2±0．3Ma。结合已有研究结果,探讨了拉萨地块碰撞后钾质和超钾质岩石的分布特征。超钾质岩石产出于大约东经87度以西的地区,岩石年龄介于8～25Ma之间,而钾质岩石则在东部和西部都有产出,时代为9～24Ma。超钾质和钾质岩石在野外产出的构造背景上,显示了与南北向裂谷、新生代盆地、南北延长的湖泊等分布的密切关系。拉萨地块碰撞后岩浆作用的时间与裂谷发育、岩脉侵入、埃达克岩形成等岩浆-构造事件的时间相互重叠不是偶然的,预示着可能存在一个深部岩石圈演化的统一事件,而最为可能的是高原南部岩石圈地幔的减薄作用。超钾质岩浆作用在拉萨地块与羌塘地区同时发育表明拉萨地块与藏北在构造和岩石圈演化方面具有一致性。     

青藏高原新生代两类超钾质岩石的成因——实验岩石学和地球化学约束

青藏高原分布有羌塘—囊谦—滇西和冈底斯两条新生代钾质-超钾质火山岩带。羌塘—囊谦—滇西超钾质岩浆活动的峰值时间为40～30Ma,主体岩石具有Ⅰ型超钾质岩的高MgO和低CaO、Al2O3含量特征;30～24Ma期间羌塘中、西部出现Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆活动,主体岩石以贫SiO2、高CaO、Al2O3和低MgO/CaO为特征。冈底斯新生代超钾质火山岩也显示I型超钾质岩的高MgO和低CaO、Al2O3含量特征,其形成时间为25～12Ma。综合超钾质岩石的实验资料,可知区内I型超钾质岩的源区以富硅、富钾流(熔)体交代形成的金云母方辉橄榄岩为主;Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆源区则以斜辉橄榄岩地幔为主。囊谦—滇西Ⅰ型超钾质岩带空间上严格受红河走滑构造带所控制,40～28Ma出现I型超钾质岩浆活动,16Ma转变为OIB型钾质火山岩。岩浆源区从岩石圈地幔向软流圈演变,暗示大型走滑断裂引起的岩石圈地幔减薄和软流圈上涌是导致交代岩石圈地幔金云母分解熔融产生区内I型超钾质岩浆的主控因素。羌塘中部35～34Ma有软流圈来源为主的钠质碱性玄武岩岩浆的喷发,30～24Ma转变为以岩石圈地幔为主要来源的Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆活动,岩浆源区从软流圈向岩石圈迁移,指示软流圈上涌伴随的富CO2流(熔)体活动是导致古交代岩石圈地幔升温熔融产生Ⅲ型钾质-超钾质岩浆的主控因素,软流圈上涌可能是俯冲板片断离或岩石圈地幔拆沉作用的结果。     

洞子沟地区大红峪组富钾火山岩岩石学、地球化学特征

从矿物学、岩石学、地球化学等角度对大红峪组火山岩特征进行了详细研究,认为大红峪组火山岩为一套特殊的超钾质火山岩,形成于夭折的大陆裂谷环境,成岩物质来源于上地幔,同时混染了部分下地壳物质,这也是岩石富钾的原因.     

Late-stage magmatic to deuteric/metasomatic accessory minerals from the Cerro Boggiani agpaitic complex (Alto Paraguay Alkaline Province)

This work describes rare accessory minerals in volcanic and subvolcanic silica-undersaturated peralkaline and agpaitic rocks from the Permo-Triassic Cerro Boggiani complex (Eastern Paraguay) in the Alto Paraguay Alkaline Province. These accessory phases consist of various minerals including Th-U oxides/silicates, Nb-oxide, REE-Sr-Ba bearing carbonates-fluorcarbonates-phosphates-silicates and Zr-Na rich silicates. They form a late-stage magmatic to deuteric/metasomatic assemblage in agpaitic nepheline syenites and phonolite dykes/lava flows made of sodalite, analcime, albite, fluorite, calcite, ilmenite-pyrophanite, titanite and zircon. It is inferred that carbonatitic fluids rich in F, Na and REE percolated into the subvolcanic system and metasomatically interacted with the Cerro Boggiani peralkaline and agpaitic silicate melts at the thermal boundary layers of the magma chamber, during and shortly after their late-stage magmatic crystallization and hydrothermal deuteric alteration.     

青藏米巴勒地区中新世钠质方沸石(霞石)响岩中单斜辉石环带研究:对岩浆-构造演化的启示

在拉萨地块中部米巴勒地区产出的中新世钠质方沸石(霞石)响岩中的单斜辉石发育大量环带结构,环带结构包括正环带、反环带和韵律环带。其中正环带结构从核部到边部Mg^#、MgO、Cr₂O₃呈逐渐降低趋势,而FeO、Na₂O、Al₂O₃、TiO₂呈逐渐升高的趋势,它反映了岩浆正常结晶的历史。反环带结构中Mg^#、MgO、Cr₂O₃从核部到边部呈升高的趋势,FeO、Na₂O、Al₂O₃的含量总体上呈降低趋势,本文认为响岩中单斜辉石的这种环带结构是受到了和它共存的钾质-超钾质火山岩岩浆混合或混染所致,两种岩石应是各自独立的母岩浆的结晶产物。具韵律环带结构的单斜辉石从核部到边部出现成分规律性波动,Na₂O、Al₂O₃、TiO₂、Cr₂O₃含量的变化在正反环带的范围内,Mg^#值的变化范围较小,在正环带斑晶和基质的范围内,它是岩浆多次混合作用的结果。该地区钠质过碱性岩的出现可能指示青藏高原在这套火山岩喷发时(13~12Ma),构造体制发生了显著的改变,进入到一个典型的陆内伸展阶段。     

Crystallisation of nepheline syenite in a subvolcanic magma system: Tenerife,canary islands

The late Quaternary phonolitic pumice deposits of Tenerife, Canary Islands, are the product of a periodically-tapped, periodically-replenished, zoned alkaline magma system. Nepheline syenite blocks occur as lithics in the deposits, and provide solidified representatives of the phonolite magmas. The blocks are considered to have crystallised in the roof zone of the active magma system at a depth of roughly 4 km beneath the Las Cañadas caldera. Conversion of highly-differentiated phonolitic magma to solid nepheline syenite was achieved between 770° and 680°C. Quenched glass of extreme composition in one erupted block provides a sample of the last interstitial liquid; comparison of this sample with phonolitic pumice, and with fully crystallised syenites, allows reconstruction of the magmatic, interstitial and subsolidus crystallisation histories of nepheline syenite. Phases represented by the phenocryst assemblage of the most differentiated phonolitic pumices (sanidine, sodalite, nepheline, Na-poor pyroxene, biotite, sphene and magnetite) formed an initial crystal “mush”, containing abundant trapped liquid, on the walls of the magma chamber. Interstitial crystallisation, involving the conversion of pyroxene to Na-rich compositions, continued growth of felsic phases, and partial to complete consumption of biotite, sphene, magnetite and apatite, was accompanied by extreme sodium enrichment in the residual liquid. Stellate aegirine, lavenite, loparite and Mn-rich ilmenite are among the final products of magmatic crystallisation. Modification of feldspar primocrysts persisted into subsolidus conditions.It is suggested that complete solidification of an open-system alkaline magma chamber results in the formation of an alkaline alkaline ring complex.     

西南天山托云中新生代火山岩盆地响岩的岩石成因研究

响岩代表了陆内火山岩省钠质碱性岩浆最终端的演化产物,揭示其成因机制对认识陆内火山岩省的岩浆演化过程具有重要意义。文章对出露在我国境内西南天山托云中新生代火山岩盆地的响岩开展了系统的矿物学、岩石学和地球化学研究,以揭示托云火山岩岩浆系列特征和岩浆演化过程。托云响岩以发育碱性长石、单斜辉石、铁橄榄石和角闪石斑晶为特征,在基质中可见霞石。在地球化学组成上,托云响岩以高的Na₂O含量(7.9%～8.6%)和K₂O含量(5.2%～6.3%)为特征,∑REE变化范围为408×10^-6～470×10^-6,稀土元素配分曲线具有明显的Eu异常,在原始地幔标准化的微量元素蛛网图上,样品显示出Ba、Sr、P、Ti的负异常和Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf的正异常特征。亏损的Nd同位素组成表明其成因与共生的碧玄岩有紧密的成因联系,经MELTS热力学模拟,响岩可由碧玄岩经碱性长石(36%)、单斜辉石(21%)、尖晶石(10%)、铁橄榄石(6%)和角闪石(5%)的分离结晶作用形成,进一步的EC-AFC模拟表明,响岩在形成过程中受到一定程...     

青藏高原当雄地区方沸石响岩的主要造岩矿物特征:原生方沸石的证据

方沸石响岩是一种罕见的碱性火山岩.采用电子探针、粉晶X射线衍射、扫描电镜、拉曼光谱等研究了青藏高原当雄地区方沸石响岩的主要造岩矿物种属、共生关系和结晶顺序.研究表明, 斑晶由方沸石和长石组成.方沸石为岩浆结晶晚期形成的原生矿物; 长石均发育“次生边”结构, 中央相为斜长石, 边缘相为碱性长石.基质由碱性长石、次透辉石、钛磁铁矿和褐铁矿组成.原生矿物的结晶顺序是: 斑晶长石的中央相→斑晶方沸石+斑晶长石边缘相富钾长石→基质长石→次透辉石→钛磁铁矿和褐铁矿.利用方沸石-熔体平衡估算出方沸石结晶时岩浆的温度和压力条件分别为600~640 ℃和(5~13) ×108 Pa, 考虑到青藏高原当时已形成巨厚地壳, 认为岩浆房存在于地壳深部.      

Mineralogical and Chemical Zonation of the Laacher See Tephra Sequence (East Eifel, W. Germany)

The late Quaternary Laacher See Tephra (LLST, MLST, ULST: Lower,Middle, Upper Laacher See Tephra) of the East Eifel volcanicfield (W. Germany) is zoned from highly evolved, volatile-richand crystal-poor phonolite at its base towards a mafic, crystal-richphonolite at the top of the deposit. This is shown by phenocrystabundances, major and trace element chemistry of whole rocks,matrix-glass and some mineral compositions. MgO content in wholerocks ranges from 0.07 wt. per cent in lower LLST to 0.85 wt.per cent in ULST phonolite. Late mafic hybrid pyroclasts containup to 7.0 wt. per cent MgO. Na₂O shows a reverse trend from11.7 wt. per cent in LLST to 5.1 per cent in ULST. Trace elementsare divided into depleted (compatible) elements (e.g. Sr, Sc,Co), and enriched (incompatible) elements (e.g. Zn, Zr, Nb).‘Semi-compatible’ elements (Ta, Y) show minimumconcentrations at an intermediate stratigraphic level (MLST).All compositional gradients are smooth showing a major compositionalinterface between LLST/MLST and ULST. Twelve phenocryst phasesoccur: sanidine, plagioclase, hauyne, amphibole, clinopyroxene,sphene, apatite, Ti-magnetite, biotite, nepheline, cancriniteand zircon. The latter three are restricted to LLST phonolite.There is a steep gradient in mineral abundances from the LLSTand MLST to the mafic ULST phonolite. Microprobe analyses definetwo phenocryst populations: (a) Fe, Na and Mn-rich evolved phenocrysts(hastingsite, aegirine-augite, Ab-rich plagioclase) which predominatewithin highly differentiated (LLST) phonolite; (b) Mg and Ti-richand Fe, Na, Mn-poor phenocrysts, which are most abundant inULST. This compositional zonation is interpreted as the resultof continuous eruption from a zoned magma column; highly evolvedearly magma representing the upper part and mafic late phonoliticmagma representing the lower part of a stratified magma chamberemplaced at shallow, crustal levels.     

The Banhad?o Alkaline Complex, Southeastern Brazil: source and evolution of potassic SiO2-undersaturated high-Ca and low-Ca magmatic series

The Cretaceous Banhad?o alkaline complex in southeastern Brazil presents two potassic SiO₂-undersaturated series. The high-Ca magmatic series consist of initially fractionated olivine (Fo_92-91) + diopside (Wo_48-43En_49-35Ae_0-7), as evidenced by the presence of xenocrysts and xenoliths. In that sequence, diopside (Wo_47-38En_46-37Ae_0-8) + phlogopite + apatite + perovskite (Prv_>92) crystallized to form the phlogopite melteigite and led to the Ca enrichment of the magma. Diopside (Wo_47-41En_32-24 Ae_3-14) continued to crystallize as an early mafic mineral, followed by nepheline (Ne_74.8-70.1Ks_26.3-21.2Qz_7.6-0.9) and leucite (Lc_65-56) and subsequently by melanite and potassic feldspar (Or_85-99Ab_1-7) to form melanite ijolites, wollastonite-melanite urtites and melanite-nepheline syenites. Melanite-pseudoleucite-nepheline syenites are interpreted to be a leucite accumulation. Melanite nephelinite dykes are believed to represent some of the magmatic differentiation steps. The low-Ca magmatic series is representative of a typical fractionation of aegirine-augite (Wo_36-29En_25-4Ae_39-18) + alkali feldspar (Or_57-96Ab_3-43) + nepheline (Ne_76.5-69.0Ks_19.9-14.4Qz_15.1-7.7) + titanite from phonolite magma. The evolution of this series from potassic nepheline syenites to sodic sodalite syenites and sodalitolites is attributed to an extensive fractionation of potassic feldspar, which led to an increase of the NaCl activity in the melt during the final stages forming sodalite-rich rocks. Phonolite dykes followed a similar evolutionary process and also registered some crustal assimilation. The mesocratic nepheline syenites showed interactions with phlogopite melteigites, such as compatible trace element enrichments and the presence of diopside xenocrysts, which were interpreted to be due to a mixing/mingling process of phonolite and nephelinite magmas. The geochemical data show higher TiO₂ and P₂O₅ contents and lower SiO₂ contents for the high-Ca series and different LILE evolution trends and REE chondrite-normalized patterns as compared to the low-Ca series. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb initial ratios for the high-Ca series (0.70407–0.70526, 0.51242–0.51251, 17.782–19.266 and 38.051–39.521, respectively) were slightly different from those of the low-Ca series (0.70542–0.70583, 0.51232–0.51240, 17.758–17.772 and 38.021–38.061, respectively). For both series, a CO₂-rich potassic metasomatized lithospheric mantle enriched the source with rutile-bearing phlogopite clinopyroxenite veins. Kamafugite-like parental magma is attributed to the high-Ca series with major contributions from the melting of the veins. Potassic nephelinite-like parental magma is assigned to the low-Ca series, where the metasomatized wall-rock played a more significant role in the melting process.     

宁芜地区中生代岩浆岩的成因──岩石学与Nd、Sr、Ph同位素证据

宁芜中生代火山盆地产出火山岩与侵入岩。火山岩以玄武粗安岩、粗安岩和粗面岩为主，安山岩和响岩少量，火山岩以高钾富碱为特征，已确定为橄揽安粗岩系。侵入岩以辉长间长珍岩－辉长闪长岩为主，以高钠低硅为特征，并有辉长岩和花岗岩产出。据地质学和Ｎｄ、Ｓｒ、Ｐｈ同位素资料，侵入岩与火山岩属同一个岩浆系列，是碱性玄武岩浆在下地壳经过轻度ＡＦＣ混合后，侵入上地壳，在轻度混染的情况下，经过以结晶分离为主的岩浆分异形成的。     

宁芜地区中生代岩浆岩的成因——岩石学与Nd,Sr,Pb同位素证据

宁芜中生代火山盆地产出火山岩与侵入岩，火山岩以玄武粗安岩，粗安岩和粗面岩为主，安山岩和响岩少量，火山岩以高钾富碱为特征，已确定为橄榄安粗岩系。侵入岩以辉长闪长玢岩－一辉长闪长岩为主，以高钠低硅为特征，并有辉长岩和花岗岩产生，据地质学和Ｎｄ，Ｓｒ，Ｐｂ同位素资料，侵入岩与火山岩属同一个岩浆系列，是碱性玄武岩浆在下地壳经过轻度ＡＦＣ混合后，侵入上地壳，在轻度混染的情况下，经过以结晶分离为主的岩浆分异形     

Trace element abundances and mineral/melt distribution coefficients in phonolites from the Laacher See volcano (Germany)

Twenty six whole rocks, seven matrix and fifty three mineral separates from the compositionally zoned late Quaternary Laacher See tephra sequence (East Eifel, W Germany) were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation. These data document the chemical variation within the Laacher See magma chamber prior to eruption with a highly fractionated phonolite at the top and a more mafic phonolite at its base as derived from other data. Incompatible elements such as Zn, Zr, Nb, Hf, U, light and heavy rare earths are extremely enriched towards the top whereas compatible elements (e.g. Sr, Sc, Co, Eu) are strongly depleted. Semicompatible elements (Ta and some middle REE) are depleted at intermediate levels. This chemical variation is shown by whole rock and matrix data indicating the phonolite liquid was compositionally zoned regardless of phenocryst content. Hybrid rocks (phonolite-basanite) show the largest concentrations for compatible elements. All elements (except Rb) display continuous compositional variations with regard to the stratigraphic position of pumice samples. From these data we are able to distinguish three main units: An early erupted highly fractionated magma, the main volume of evolved phonolite and a mafic phonolite as the final products. The extreme variation of trace element distribution coef ficients (K) for 9 mineral phases with respect to stratigraphic position (resp. matrix composition) cannot be explained by conventional mechanisms. We postulate a significant modification of the trace element content of the phonolite melt by liquid-liquid controlled differentiation processes subsequent to and/or contemporaneous with (fractional) crystallization which caused disequilibrium between phenocrysts and host matrix. Therefore, our “distribution coefficients” deviate from equilibrium partition coefficients equivalent to the amount of this post crystallization modification of the matrix composition. The relationship between varying K and matrix composition is demonstrated by a ΔK-ΔM-diagram (variation of K versus variation of matrix, M). Different parts of this diagram relate to different parameters (T, P, polymerization, complex-building, equilibrium crystallization in a zoned magma column and post crystallization disequilibrium effects) which are responsible for the variation of distribution coefficients in general. The ΔK-ΔM-diagram may allow to distinguish between different processes affecting the distribution coefficients measured in natural volcanic rocks from a differentiating magma system.