西藏班戈地区青龙花岗闪长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地球化学特征

青龙岩体位于冈底斯带北麓,是班戈-嘉黎岩浆岩带的重要组成部分。该岩体主要岩性为花岗闪长岩,形成于白垩纪早期,SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为123.1Ma±3.4Ma,该年龄反映了青龙花岗闪长岩体的侵位或结晶年龄。花岗闪长岩地球化学数据表明,该岩体具有正常的SiO2含量,较低的K2O/Na2O比值,为弱过铝质岩石。该岩体轻稀土元素较重稀土元素富集,负Eu异常较弱。在微量元素蛛网图上,该岩体表现出强烈的Nb、Ta、Ti、Y负异常,具有岛弧花岗岩的地球化学特征。通过初步研究,认为青龙花岗闪长岩形成于俯冲背景,为与板片俯冲作用有关的同熔型花岗岩。     

西藏班戈地区青龙花岗闪长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地球化学特征

青龙岩体位于冈底斯带北麓,是班戈-嘉黎岩浆岩带的重要组成部分。该岩体主要岩性为花岗闪长岩,形成于白垩纪早期,SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为123.1Ma±3.4Ma,该年龄反映了青龙花岗闪长岩体的侵位或结晶年龄。花岗闪长岩地球化学数据表明,该岩体具有正常的SiO2含量,较低的K2O/Na2O比值,为弱过铝质岩石。该岩体轻稀土元素较重稀土元素富集,负Eu异常较弱。在微量元素蛛网图上,该岩体表现出强烈的Nb、Ta、Ti、Y负异常,具有岛弧花岗岩的地球化学特征。通过初步研究,认为青龙花岗闪长岩形成于俯冲背景,为与板片俯冲作用有关的同熔型花岗岩。     

西藏班戈地区青龙花岗闪长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地球化学特征

青龙岩体位于冈底斯带北麓,是班戈-嘉黎岩浆岩带的重要组成部分。该岩体主要岩性为花岗闪长岩,形成于白垩纪早期,SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为123.1Ma±3.4Ma,该年龄反映了青龙花岗闪长岩体的侵位或结晶年龄。花岗闪长岩地球化学数据表明,该岩体具有正常的SiO2含量,较低的K2O/Na2O比值,为弱过铝质岩石。该岩体轻稀土元素较重稀土元素富集,负Eu异常较弱。在微量元素蛛网图上,该岩体表现出强烈的Nb、Ta、Ti、Y负异常,具有岛弧花岗岩的地球化学特征。通过初步研究,认为青龙花岗闪长岩形成于俯冲背景,为与板片俯冲作用有关的同熔型花岗岩。     

黑龙江多宝山斑岩Cu-Mo矿床成岩成矿时代研究

多宝山斑岩型铜(钼)矿床是中国东北地区重要的斑岩型铜(钼)矿床,文章对矿区主要成矿岩体及辉钼矿样品进行了系统的成岩成矿年代学研究。对成矿岩体采用高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得成矿母岩花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(474.8±4.7) Ma,矿体寄主岩石花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(478.1±4.1) Ma,以及矿体外围黑云母花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(483.9±4.5) Ma;矿体辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄加权平均值为(475.1±5.1) Ma。测年结果显示,多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床形成于早奥陶世。结合含矿地层、矿区岩石组合特征,以及前人研究的岩石地球化学特征,推测多宝山矿床形成于早奥陶世与板块俯冲有关的岛弧环境,说明在区域上寻找类似多宝山的斑岩铜矿应沿早奥陶世多宝山-伊尔斯岩浆岛弧带开展。     

藏南冈底斯带中段早侏罗世岩浆作用的厘定及其大地构造意义

以藏南冈底斯带中段的东嘎花岗岩体和奴玛花岗岩体为研究对象,对其进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、Lu-Hf同位素和全岩地球化学综合分析,据此探讨其岩石成因和大地构造意义。东嘎花岗岩体主要由石英、长石以及少量黑云母、角闪石组成;奴玛花岗岩体主要由石英、长石以及少量黑云母组成。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,东嘎花岗岩体的加权平均年龄为185.8±2.3 Ma,奴玛花岗岩体的加权平均年龄为185.9±2.2Ma和185.1±1.7 Ma,两个岩体具有一致的成岩年龄,为同一期岩浆事件的产物。在地球化学组成上,两个岩体均富集轻稀土(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE),具有明显的俯冲带岩浆岩特征;里特曼指数和铝饱和指数显示,两个岩体属于弱过铝质钙碱性I型花岗岩。锆石Lu-Hf结果显示,两个岩体均具有显著亏损的锆石Hf同位素组成和极高的εHf(t)值(分别为+11.14~+15.55,平均值+13.76;+9.49~+15.52,平均值+13.56)以及相对年轻的二阶段模式年龄(T_(DM2)),反映了它们的源区以新生地壳的部分熔融为主。综合研究表明:早侏罗世(普林斯巴期)时,藏南冈底斯地区应为典型的活动大陆边缘环境,花岗质岩石的形成和新特提斯洋向拉萨地体的北向俯冲有关,其成因与幔源岩浆的底侵引起新生下地壳的部分熔融有关。     

西藏拉萨地块西段狮泉河地区晚侏罗世花岗岩年代学、地球化学与岩石成因

目前关于拉萨地块西段狮泉河地区中生代岩浆岩的报道相对较少,限制了对该地区中生代岩浆作用的认识.对狮泉河地区石英闪长岩和闪长质包体的锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石学特征与元素地球化学进行了研究.结果显示,寄主石英闪长岩的年龄为161.1±1.7 Ma,闪长质包体的年龄为159.8±1.6 Ma和157.0±1.3 Ma,两者为同期形成.寄主石英闪长岩为I型准铝质中钾-高钾钙碱性系列岩石,具有富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素的特征.闪长质包体为准铝质中钾-高钾钙碱性系列岩石.岩石学、地球化学特征研究表明,该套岩石可能与中侏罗世班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲有关,班公湖-怒江特提斯洋南向俯冲引起幔源物质发生熔融,上涌的幔源岩浆与拉萨地块古老基底重熔形成的酸性岩浆混合,形成了含闪长质包体的晚侏罗世岩体.      

滇西永德县班尾花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及意义

位于滇西永德县的班尾花岗岩是古特提斯俯冲-碰撞重要的研究对象之一。班尾花岗岩体位于漕涧-云岭-耿马-西盟花岗岩带的中段,其岩石类型主要为黑云二长花岗岩、黑云花岗闪长岩,本次采用激光剥蚀法(LA-ICP-MS)对其中黑云花岗闪长岩进行锆石U-Pb年龄测定,获得其锆石年龄值为218.96±3.0Ma,属晚三叠世。岩体的岩石地球化学特征显示,班尾花岗岩属于后碰撞过铝质-强过铝质"S"型花岗岩,表明滇西古特提斯至早-中三叠世洋盆完全关闭,俯冲消减作用也随即停止,而转入弧-陆碰撞造山的构造发展阶段。     

班公湖-怒江成矿带西段弗野花岗岩体的岩石地球化学特征及年代学研究

通过班公湖怒江结合带西段北麓1∶5万着木拉幅、江龙幅、弗野幅、木实热不卡幅地质填图结合前人1∶25万羌多幅工作成果,对弗野花岗岩体的地球化学特征、成因、年代学提出新的认识。对其中细粒黑云角闪二长花岗岩进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测试,结果为(151.4±1.4)Ma;中细粒角闪黑云花岗闪长岩进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测试,结果为(157.4±3.1)Ma;弗野岩体属于钙碱性系列,为班怒中特提斯洋向北俯冲作用的产物,为岛弧型岩浆岩,物质来源为俯冲带之上的下地壳与上地幔部分熔融。     

西藏赛卓花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义

对西藏日松地区赛卓花岗闪长岩体进行锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学研究.赛卓花岗闪长岩体形成于早白垩世,锆石U-Pb年龄为106.0±1.0 Ma.岩体铝饱和指数为0.96~1.02,K2O/Na2O为1.06~1.30,CIPW标准矿物中绝大多数样品含紫苏辉石标准分子,部分样品含透辉石标准分子,岩石中发育大量暗色微粒包体,属于准铝质—弱过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列I型花岗岩;稀土元素总量为(97.84~143.44)×10-6,轻稀土元素明显富集,δEu为0.63~0.73,具中等负Eu异常;富集Rb、Th、U,亏损K、Ba、Sr及高场强元素Nb、P、Ti.结合区域地质背景,认为赛卓花岗闪长岩形成于岛弧构造环境,与班公湖—怒江特提斯洋岩石圈向南俯冲有关,为研究班公湖—怒江结合带构造演化提供新证据.     

滇西兰坪盆地莲花山岩体成因与构造意义:岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素约束

沿金沙江-哀牢山古特提斯缝合带两侧发育的巨型新生代陆内钾质岩浆岩带一直是地质学界关注的热点,其西侧的印支地块钾质岩浆岩尚缺乏深入探讨,制约着对钾质岩浆岩带成因的理解以及对印支地块深部壳幔物质结构的认识。本研究选取的莲花山岩体位于印支地块北部的兰坪盆地东南端,依次对其开展系统的岩相学、元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学以及Hf同位素研究。结果显示,岩体主要由石英二长斑岩组成,LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果制约岩体侵位时代在~34Ma。岩石样品具有富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=9.0%~9.2%)、高K(K_2O/Na_2O=1.0~1.2)特征,属钾玄岩浆系列;富集Th和U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb和Ta等高场强元素,轻稀土元素富集((La/Yb)N=22~24)。综合反映莲花山钾质岩浆岩系由大洋板片俯冲作用造成的富集源区的部分熔融作用而产生。锆石εHf(t)在+1.4~+4.6,集中在+2.8~+4.0,对应的Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为1027~815Ma,集中在934~860Ma。岩体集中的锆石εHf(t)值和缺乏继承锆石的特征,说明岩浆岩上侵过程中未受到围岩的混染。目前已知的印支地块东部自新元古代以来(1000Ma)经历的俯冲作用仅有金沙江-哀牢山古特提斯洋二叠纪(ca.290~250Ma)西向俯冲,莲花山岩体锆石具有的新元古代Hf同位素地壳模式年龄反映古特提斯洋板片俯冲过程有陆源沉积物质加入地幔中,该认识与岩石Nb/U比值(1.3~4.7)所反映的加入地幔的俯冲物质属性一致。莲花山岩体和其西侧同期卓潘钾质杂岩体与扬子西缘钾质岩体群同属金沙江-哀牢山钾质岩浆岩带的组成部分,它们由始新世时期古特提斯缝合带加厚岩石圈拆沉作用导致的软流圈热上涌而诱发。该构造-热事件影响的空间范围可能较传统认为的更大,其向西远涉至印支地块内部,从而导致了莲花山和卓潘等岩体的形成。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

海南长塘岭矿区大坡岩体岩石学、地球化学特征及其含矿性初探

海南大坡岩体位于五指山褶皱带内,主要受昌江—琼海构造带、琼西构造带与潭爷断陷构造带控制.岩石地球化学及岩石学研究表明,大坡岩体形成于海西-印支晚期,岩性单一,主要为中细粒似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩.岩体显示为Ⅰ型花岗岩与S型花岗岩的混合,主体以地壳物质部分熔融为主,形成过程有少量地幔物质加入.元素对的比值及稀土元素配分特征说明岩体钨锡等多金属含矿性可能较差.     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...