2010年3月14日华北强降雪的模拟和特征分析

主要对2010年3月14日华北强降雪进行了模拟、诊断和特征分析.此次华北降雪在中、低层主要受西风槽、低涡及切变线影响,蒙古气旋东移加强、地面倒槽发展及东风回流建立构成了有利地面天气形势,西北涡、强势的西南暖湿气流及稳定的环渤海高压对此次强降雪至关重要.垂直速度、散度、涡度、螺旋度的分布和演变反映出在此次降雪过程中,强降雪区出现了很强的辐合上升运动,降雪区上空螺旋度呈“下负上正”的垂直结构,螺旋度大值区对应强降雪中心;而锋生条件为降雪的形成和维持提供了一定的能量;相对湿度和水汽通量散度的分布说明强降雪区整层湿度较大,且水汽供应充足.     

2010年3月14日华北强降雪的模拟和特征分析

本文主要对2010年3月14日华北强降雪进行了模拟、诊断和特征分析。此次华北降雪在中、低层主要受西风槽、低涡及切变线影响,蒙古气旋东移加强、地面倒槽发展及东风廽流建立构成了有利地面天气形势,西北涡、强势的西南暖湿气流及稳定的环渤海高压对此次强降雪至关重要。垂直速度、散度、涡度、螺旋度的分布和演变反映出在此次降雪过程中,强降雪区出现了很强的辐合上升运动,降雪区上空螺旋度呈“下负上正”的垂直结构,螺旋度大值区对应强降雪中心;而锋生条件为降雪的形成和维持提供了一定的能量;相对湿度和水汽通量散度的分布说明强降雪区整层湿度较大,且水汽供应充足。     

相似路径台风“摩羯”（1814）和“温比亚”（1818）影响南通降水差异成因分析

为探讨相似路径台风“摩羯”（1814）和“温比亚”（1818）影响南通降水的差异原因,从天气形势、物理量场等方面进行分析,利用水汽通量、假相当位温、湿位涡、垂直螺旋度等物理量对降水进行诊断,得到以下主要结论：1）两台风移动路径主要受副热带高压和冷空气的影响,副热带高压边缘气流为主要引导气流。两台风均有追随200 hPa辐散中心移动的趋势。2）较强冷空气的侵入、鞍形场中的缓慢移动、强正涡度和强盛上升运动、强水汽输送且低空长时间水汽辐合、大气斜压性增强和风垂直切变增大均是台风“温比亚”造成南通更强降水的原因。3）水汽通量辐合增强,低层正涡度中心、强上升运动,低层假相当位温大值区叠加上空假相当位温梯度带,垂直螺旋度增大与正值发展高度均与台风强降水有明显对应。     

西南低涡东移引发重庆暴雨的综合诊断

利用NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1°×1°格点资料和MICAPS实时观测资料,使用水汽散度垂直通量、湿螺旋度等新型诊断物理量,对2009年8月2~4日发生在重庆地区由西南低涡东移引发的暴雨做了综合分析。结果表明:水汽主要在大气低层850hPa附近积聚,上升运动强,水汽的辐合上升区域与降水大值区较吻合。500hPa湿z-螺旋度负值区水平分布与相应时段降水落区和强降水中心的分布对应较好,垂直分布上:暴雨区低层正涡度、水汽辐合旋转上升与高层负涡度、水汽辐散相配合,是触发暴雨的有利动力机制。      

河北北部两次强降雪过程对比分析

选取河北北部承德市2010年1月3—4日和2015年2月20—21日两次强降雪过程,利用常规观测资料和NECP(1°×1°)逐6 h再分析资料,对环流形势和物理量场进行对比分析。结果表明,两次过程影响系统虽有不同,但500 hPa贝加尔湖附近有冷涡、低层有切变线缓慢东移、地面上贝加尔湖以西存在冷高压,海平面气压场呈"西北高东南低"是其共同特征,也是承德出现强降雪的有利天气形势。物理量场在强降雪期间有以下共同特征:低层水汽通量呈辐合,辐合中心与强降雪有很好对应关系;700 hPa以下为强上升运动,且850 hPa附近有上升中心;850 hPa以上涡度为正值;垂直螺旋度整层为正值或呈"上负下正"结构。     

一次区域暴雨过程综合诊断分析

利用NCEP 1°×1°的6h再分析资料对2008年7月22日河南省南阳市的区域性暴雨天气进行了综合诊断分析,结果表明：此次暴雨过程是中低层的西南涡在高空急流的引导下,沿着河套高压与副高之间的辐合带移出造成的。降雨的水汽供应主要来自对流层中低层,且水汽强辐合出现在强降雨前。随着对流活动的发展,水汽通量和水汽辐合都向高层发展,湿层明显增厚。在整个降雨过程中,700hPa垂直螺旋度正值中心的位置和强度与西南涡的移动和强弱变化有很好的对应关系,垂直螺旋度正值长轴区与切变线辐合区相吻合,在某种程度上能反映出西南涡的移动和强度的演变;垂直螺旋度强弱的变化与暴雨强度变化基本一致。高层辐散、低层辐合的大气垂直结构能增强大气的抽吸作用,促进垂直上升运动的发展,反之,抑制垂直上升运动,降雨减弱。上、下层负、正垂直螺旋度耦合的结构对暴雨的发生和维持非常有利。在雷达速度PPI上,逆风区的出现预示着局地强降雨的产生。     

两类动力因子对四川盆地一次低涡暴雨的应用研究

利用常规观测资料、FY-2E卫星云顶黑体亮度温度(TBB)资料、欧洲中心0. 25°×0. 25°资料,选取质量散度、垂直螺旋度、质量垂直螺旋度、水汽垂直螺旋度、散度垂直通量、密度散度垂直通量、水汽散度通量等7个动力因子对2015年8月16-18日四川盆地一次暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:(1)此次降雨过程是由高原低涡、高原切变线、西南低涡等多个天气系统共同作用造成。(2)随着高原低值系统的东移、减弱,西南低涡的生成、发展,伴随的对流云团经历了连续生消的过程。(3)动力因子对此次暴雨过程的发展和演变有较好指示意义。动力因子大值区基本覆盖强降水区。西南低涡形成初期,动力因子大值区和高原切变线分布一致,降雨中心位于动力因子大值区和高原切变线右侧,与西南低涡中心对应。西南低涡强盛时期,动力因子大值中心、西南低涡中心、降雨中心趋于重合。降雨区上空存在质量散度辐合、气旋性涡度和水汽通量涡度的垂直向上输送及辐合上升运动。     

重庆一次暴雨过程的诊断分析

为揭示2012年5月11-12日重庆暴雨过程的发生发展机制,寻找重庆地区暴雨预报方法,利用国家卫星气象中心的降水量产品数据集和NCEP格点再分析资料,对这次暴雨进行了天气形势分析,并从动力和水汽条件、水汽螺旋度和水汽散度通量及不稳定指数等方面进行了诊断分析。结果表明,短波槽东移南下和西南涡东移北上是造成此次暴雨过程的主要原因;高空槽前脊后的正涡度平流,有利于大气的抬升运动;中层(700 h Pa)的西南暖湿气流为此次暴雨过程提供了水汽和能量,促进并维持对流的强烈发展;水汽螺旋度高值区和水汽散度通量低值区都与强降水区域有较好的对应关系,且有较好的时间相关性,这对强降水落区和降水系统的移动发展有一定的指示意义;低层暖湿气流抬升与高层冷空气交汇触发了此次暴雨天气过程;K指数和A指数对于暴雨的形成和发展有一定的预报意义。     

2005年7月一次大暴雨过程的模拟和诊断分析

基于2005年7月9—10日河南、安徽等地一次大暴雨的巨大影响,利用中尺度模式（MM5）对此次过程进行了模拟,并使用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和模式输出产品作了多种物理量诊断分析,结果表明,贝加尔湖附近阻高、下游的东北冷涡及其伴随的高空槽造成了有利的环流形势,低层切变线及急流是此次暴雨过程的最主要影响系统。散度、涡度、垂直速度、螺旋度及位温的分布和演变反映出在此次降水发生过程中,暴雨区出现了很强的辐合上升运动,中低层大气层结不稳定性强,上下层大气物质交换强烈,在暴雨区上空螺旋度呈＂下正上负＂的垂直结构,螺旋度正的大值区对应强降水中心;水汽通量散度的分布说明暴雨区有充足的水汽供应,而锋生条件为降水的形成和维持提供了一定的能量。     

一次区域暴雨过程综合诊断分析

利用NCEP 1°×1°的6h再分析资料对2008年7月22日河南省南阳市的区域性暴雨天气进行了综合诊断分析,结果表明：此次暴雨过程是中低层的西南涡在高空急流的引导下,沿着河套高压与副高之间的辐合带移出造成的。降雨的水汽供应主要来自对流层中低层,且水汽强辐合出现在强降雨前。随着对流活动的发展,水汽通量和水汽辐合都向高层发展,湿层明显增厚。在整个降雨过程中,700hPa垂直螺旋度正值中心的位置和强度与西南涡的移动和强弱变化有很好的对应关系,垂直螺旋度正值长轴区与切变线辐合区相吻合,在某种程度上能反映出西南涡的移动和强度的演变;垂直螺旋度强弱的变化与暴雨强度变化基本一致。高层辐散、低层辐合的大气垂直结构能增强大气的抽吸作用,促进垂直上升运动的发展,反之,抑制垂直上升运动,降雨减弱。上、下层负、正垂直螺旋度耦合的结构对暴雨的发生和维持非常有利。在雷达速度PPI上,逆风区的出现预示着局地强降雨的产生。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.