天文文献情报工程概述

本文主要介绍中国科学院天文系统文献情报自动化建设、文献工程建设、数据工程建设、资源共享与计算机共享网建设。由于其牵涉到1984年以来的一系列工程建设呐容繁多,所以仅从文献情报现代化建设、资源共享建设出发,从整体上对各有关内容作一概述。     

Design Experience of a Demonstrator Descent Vehicle Introducing Aeroelastic Deployable Structural Elements to Space Engineering

The development project of a prototype demonstrator for a descent vehicle and the possibilities of descent from orbit using aero-elastic braking devices deployable in space and in the atmosphere is considered. The project was carried out jointly by the Lavochkin Scientific Production Association and the Moscow Aviation Institute teams in 2013–2015. The results are evaluated for both the project itself and the cooperation of the two organizations.     

HAXTEL: A Laue lens telescope development project for a deep exploration of the hard X-ray sky (> 60 keV)

A review of the HAXTEL project devoted to the development of a Laue lens telescope for hard X-/gamma-ray observation of the continuum spectra of celestial sources is presented. Main design properties, open issues, the status of the project and an example of multi-lens configuration with sensitivity expectations are discussed.     

The requirements toward the methods of “Clearing” the atmosphere in ground-based radio-astronomical observations of background emissions of the atmosphere

The results of a reduction of the dataset obtained with the RATAN-600 within the framework of the “Cosmological Gene” project are reported. The project was performed in order to estimate the contribution of atmospheric noise in observations of Galactic background radiation. Atmospheric noise prevails on time scales exceeded 10–100 seconds. The efficiency of preselecting the data with low atmospheric noise on the time scales of interest is demonstrated. The potential of the “Cosmological Gene” project for different accumulation times in the sky area studied are assessed with the effect of real atmospheric noise taken into account.     

Very Low Frequency Remote Sensing Measurements of the Lower Ionosphere at Site of the United Arab Emirates

The proposed research project is aiming for providing basic data for quantitative comparison of lightning-induced disturbances of the ionosphere and the radiation belts in the American, European and Asia sectors. Most of the current data on such phenomena has so far been obtained in the western hemisphere, and the weight of scientific information indicates that lightning-induced effects at high altitudes and in the radiation belts may dominate other processes on a global scale. The proposed research project will facilitate the establishment and conduct of Very Low Frequency observations in the United Arab Emirates as a part of the Asia sector, thus providing a basis for comparison to facilitate global extrapolations and conclusions. Under the proposed project, Stanford University partners with Sharjah University, deploying one of their Very Low Frequency receivers at Sharjah University campus. Sharjah University provides the data digitization and recording equipment to facilitate continuous acquisition of the data. All data from the proposed project will be available for analysis over the Internet, and a series of annual visits are planned to maximize interactions and information exchange between the two universities.     

The GTC: An Advanced 10m Telescope for the ORM

The Gran Telescopio CANARIAS (GTC) is a high performance 10-m class telescope whose construction has been promoted by the IAC (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias). It will be installed at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (ORM), in the island of La Palma. First light is planned for end-2002. The key science drivers for the project are image quality, operational efficiency and reliability, as emphasized in the Conceptual Design Document which was finished in mid-97. The Preliminary Design is now proceeding on all aspects of the project. The GTC Project is presently funded at the 70% level by Spain. The scientific drives behind the GTC project are described here, as well as the current technical, managerial, and operational baseline. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Near Real－Time Calculation of Ionospheric Electric Fields and Currents Using GEDAS

This paper presents the recent progress in our project of estimating near real-time electric fields and currents in the ionosphere through our computer system called the Geospace Environment Data Analysis System (GEDAS). We show a new technique in which data from ground magnetometers are collected by the system and used as input for the KRM and AMIE programs to calculate the distribution of ionospheric electric fields and currents, as well as of other ionospheric parameters, such as electric potential patterns. One of the goals of this project is to specify ionospheric processes. Examples of the near real-time calculation and the data flow of our scheme are presented.     

A greedy global search algorithm for connecting unstable periodic orbits with low energy cost.

A method for space mission trajectory design is presented in the form of a greedy global search algorithm. It uses invariant manifolds of unstable periodic orbits and its main advantage is that it performs a global search for the suitable legs of the invariant manifolds to be connected for a preliminary transfer design, as well as the appropriate points of the legs for maneuver application. The designed indirect algorithm bases the greedy choice on the optimality conditions that are assumed for the theoretical minimum transfer cost of a spacecraft when using invariant manifolds. The method is applied to a test case space mission design project in the Earth–Moon system and is found to compare favorably with previous techniques applied to the same project.     

The Bars Database on Barred Galaxies

During 1996 and 1997, the Canary Island Observatories' `International Time' project on Barred Galaxies obtained photometric images in broad- and narrow-band, and intermediate to high spectral resolution spectra in the optical and near IR of a selected set of a dozen barred galaxies. For some of these, 2D H_α kinematics was also obtained. The project team has been working on the analysis of these data in the intervening time, but one of the more useful aspects of the project has been to provide a database on barred galaxies more complete than most in terms of the observational material on each object. Those who may wish to use this database should contact the BARS project (instructions are given below). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Phobos-Soil space project: A new stage of the Russian planetary program

The Phobos-Soil project, based on a new generation of spacecraft, is aimed at the study of Phobos, one of the Martian moons. The main goal of the project is to bring soil samples from the surface of Phobos to the Earth for a scrutinized analysis of the relic matter collected on one of the Solar System’s minor bodies. The project is considered to be a step in the long-scale extensive quest for data on planets, comets, asteroids, and solving a vast number of other theoretical and applied problems.     

“Spektr-UF” project

The “Spektr-UF” project is intended for the design and development of a large space observatory operating in the ultraviolet (UV) band of the spectrum inaccessible for survey from the surface of the Earth. The main observatory instrument is a space telescope T-170M with a primary mirror 1.7 m in diameter; it will be equipped with high and low resolution spectrographs and cameras for high-quality UV imaging. In respect of capabilities, the project is similar to the American Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and exceeds the latter in some parameters. The project is included in the Russian Federal Space Program for the period 2006–2015. The launch is planned for 2016. The project is under development by the Lavochkin Association in cooperation with the Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences.     

SVOM: a Joint Gamma-ray Burst Detection Mission

SVOM (Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Objects Monitor) is an international cooperation project led by the Chinese National Space Agency (CNSA) and the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales of France (CNES). SVOM focuses on the detection of Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). It is developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CNES, and several other French laboratories. With the multi-band observation, fast manoeuvrability, flexible operation, and the capability of ground follow-up observation, the SVOM project will be the most important GRB detection mission after the SWIFT project, and will open a wide exploration field. In this paper, the project management, science objectives, the satellite platform and payloads, the ground segment, and operation concept are illustrated.     

Observations of Bright Comets in CARA Archives I: Years 2002–2006

We have launched the Cometary Archives for Amateur Astronomers, CARA, aiming at coordinated collection of homogeneous, long-time based, continuous data set of bright comet observations. The project is based on a collaboration between professional and amateur astronomers. The archived quantity is a set of the photometric Afρ, measured in I, R or red continuum 647/10 nm filters. To derive coma profiles, Afρ is measured in at least different radii selected from a set of 50,000, 25,000, 12,500, 6,000 and 3,000 km. The data are free to download for registered users, special requests are available upon personal contact. We also provide aspecific code with a tutorial for the aperture photrometry of comets. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the observing methods, tools, software supports and web resources of project CARA.     

The Japanese National Large Telescope (JNLT) project

The astronomical community in Japan is promoting a national project to construct a large optical infrared telescope on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. The scientific objectives and the basic concept of the project are briefly presented, as they stand in September 1984.Paper presented at the IAU Third Asian-Pacific Regional Meeting, held in Kyoto, Japan, between 30 September–6 October, 1984.     

On the cable car feed support configuration for FAST

This paper introduces the cable car feed support configuration for China's FAST project. Recent advances on the mechanics of the proposed supporting structure and the control of the Stewart platform for secondary feed stabilization are presented. Difficulties associated with the configuration are also discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Photometric Survey of Galactic Open Clusters

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LAMOST/GALAXY计划:利用LAMOST研究银河系

本文讨论了利用LAMOST作银河系研究的科学意义及可能性；并提出具体实施LAMOST/GAIAXY计划的初步方案。     

The Remote Equatorial Nighttime Observatory of Ionospheric Regions Project and the International Heliospherical Year

We describe a new suite of instruments planned for deployment to Cape Verde as part of the International Heliospherical Year. The Remote Equatorial Nighttime Observatory of Ionospheric Regions (RENOIR) project consists of a bistatic Fabry–Perot interferometer system, an all-sky imaging system, a dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, and an array of single-frequency GPS scintillation monitors. This instrumentation will allow for studying the low-latitude thermosphere/ionosphere (TI) system in great detail. Investigations to be conducted using this instrumentation while in Cape Verde include studying equatorial irregularity processes, the effects of neutral winds and gravity waves on irregularity development, the midnight temperature maximum, and ion-neutral coupling in the nighttime TI system. Initial observations from the RENOIR instrumentation during pre-deployment testing at the Urbana Atmospheric Observatory are presented, as is the deployment scenario for the project in Cape Verde.     

Espace: European System for Particle and Astrophysical Cyber Education

The paper describes the European System for Particle and AstrophysicalCyber Education (ESPACE). After a general introduction to the projectand its ideas the contents of the multimedia teaching and learning systemare presented. It is followed by a discussion about the didactical aspectsof modern multimedia technology related to the project. Finally themultimedia and programming structures are explained and futureperspectives are given.     

Deriving Star Formation Histories: Evolutionary or Population Synthesis Codes versus Color-Magnitude Diagrams

The goal of this project is to analyze the integrated-light spectrum of a region in the LMC bar, for which HST images are already available yielding color-magnitude diagrams reaching the oldest main-sequence turnoff. Then, we can derive the star formation history in this field through evolutionary/population synthesis of the integrated light from 330 to 990 nm by a variety of independent methods and compare the results with the - in principle - more reliable results derived from the analysis of the color-magnitude diagram (CMD). This confrontation is the key ‘truth-test’ needed for the understanding of the abilities and the limitations of the evolutionary/population synthesis methods that must be applied of necessity to unresolved nearby and far-away galaxies. We report here on the observational part of the project. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.